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Ịhụ Anya Abụọ

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Anya bụ ihe ndabere n'ile ụwa anya site na ihe echiche isiokwu na nke ụmụ amaala na echiche ụwa.  Ndị okenye Mi'kmaq, Albert D. Marshall na Murdena Marshall si Eskasoni First Nation, n'ụdị prọfesọ Cape Breton University (CBU) ihe ịhụ anya abụọ.[1]  Albert Marshall na-anya Two-Eyed Seeing dị ka ụzọ isi lee ụwa anya "site n'otu anya na ike nke ụzọ ndị obodo nke, na iji anya nke ọzọ hụ ike nke ụfọdụ ọgụ nke ihe, na iji abụọ anya ndị ọnụ".[2]  E bu ụzọbata Two-Eyed Seeing dị ka usoro iji gbaa ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum Mi'kmaq ume nkwadoso na nkwado.  ụdị mme ya, a na-alụso ojiji nke Anya-ahụ na akara dị iche iche, iwu, na nyọka, ụfọdụ n'ime ha akpọ Canadian Institute of Health Research. [1]

Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga

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Murdena na Albert Marshall, na Cheryl Bartlett, , ike iji gbaa ụmụ akwụkwọ ume isonye na mmemme mmemme na-ama igodo na CBU, site n'imepụta usoro usoro usoro nke Mi'kmaw na ihe ndị na-esonụ nke ụmụ amaala (IK) na ụzọ, na ihe ike / ike malite.  Usoro straick ahụ ewepu ọhụrụ a na-akpọ Mi'kmaw maka "ihe niile ọnụ" (MSIT) dị ka usoro nke usoro ọhụrụ a na'akpọ "Integrative Science" (na Mi'kmaq, Toqwa'tu'kl Kjijnnitaq maka "iweta ihe onye anyị ọnụ") dị ka - ya Bachelor nke of Community Studies (BScCS) na CBU.[2]

Dr. Murdena Marshall (1942-2018) bụ nne nke Muin (Bear) Clan na onye ndú ime ike maka Mi'kmaq.  Murdena nyere aka guzobe mmemme ogbugbu Mi'kmaw ma bụrụ onye nkuzi nke igbu Mi'Kmaw na CBU.  [1]Albert Marshall, di Murdena Marshall, sitere na Moose Clan ma bụrụ onye na-ekwu okwu na gburugburu ebe obibi maka ndị okenye Mi'kmaw na Unama'ki.  Albert, na 2004, bu mmuo ndu nke Seeing Two-Eyed.[2][3]  Ma Murdena na Albert enwetala ndị na-enye akwụkwọ ozi site na CBU na 2009 iji kwado ọrụ ha na-agba ume mere nke ụmụ amaala na-amata, ma, bụ́ ndị na-enye aka na njem ozi nke Integrative Science (IS) na CBU, n' watch Cheryl Bartlett.  Dr. Cheryl Bartlett bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ, ike na parasitology nke anụ anụ, na enyi Murdena na Albert.  Ha atọ arụkọwo ọrụ ọnụ n'ụzọ iji kpụzie ihe nkiri nke ụmụ amaala na-amata n'ime usoro ire na ọrụ.. [3][2]

Bartlett na Marshalls bụ ndị nne na nna nke mmemme njikọ Integrative Science, nke e chepụtara n'etiti afọ 1990 ma mee ka ọ pụta na 1999 na CBU.[1]  E mmemme Integrative Science iji mee ka ìhè dị mkpa ihe ebe saịtị n'echiche dị iche iche.  Mmalite pụtara mgbe Bartlett Murdena ihe mere na akara ndebanye aha Mi'kmaq;  nzaghachi ya: "Ọ dị mma, anyị Mi'kmaaka aanọwo ebe a ọtụtụ puku - echeghị na anyị na-akpala ihe gbasara osisi na anụmanụ?".  [2] Amụma egosipụta na-agbasa ma na-akpa ụwa, adaba na echiche ụwa nke Mi'kmaw, ya mere ihe ọzọ ihe ngosi ọkụ ọkụ n'obi site n'aka ụmụ akwụkwọ Mi'kmaq na-arụ ọrụ na nkwado.[2]  N'afọ 2001, Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission mmemme mmemme ahụ wee na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mmemme nzere ọmụmụ a, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 2001. N'afọ 2010, e kenyere mmemme ahụ na Ngalaba ikike Ụmụ Amaala ọhụrụ n'oge ahụ.  Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2010, Albert, Murdena na Cheryl esoghịzi na mmemme otu nke Integrative Science mana ha gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ma na- nkà ihe nke nke Integrative Sciences..[2]

Echiche nke Two-Eyed Seeing (TES) / Etuaptmumk na-mụ eziokwu nke L'nu na- agbanwe mgbe niile dị ka mba n'ihi ndị na-anọ gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbanwe mgbe niile nke ihe ha.  Anya egwu, dị ka echiche, adịla dị ka nke ụdị ụdị L'nu anụ ahụ oge.[1]  Ihe ọ bụla, nke a na-ebukarị na Anya obodo, bụ Trees Holding Hands, nke onye isi Mi'kmaw nke Acadia First Nation, Charles Labrador, kpọsara.  N'okwu Labrador, "ị na-ahụ birch, pine, maple. Lee n'okpuru ala ma ị ga-ahụ na osisi ndị ahụ niile na-ejide aka. dị ka ndị mmadụ ga-eme otu ihe ahụ.".[4]

Ihe ịma aka

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N'asụsụ Mi'kmaq, Toqwa'tu'kl Kjijitaqnn (Integrative Science) na-ewelite echiche nke ijikọ ihe site na iji mgbasa nke Anya ndị.  Ụzọ Anya bụ usoro njikọ n'ime Integrative Science nke na-ewere zuru oke, multidisciplinary, na trans-cultural nke ụwa okike na-anọ.  Ọganihu nke Integrative Sayensị nwere ike ibu ihe ịma aka ụfọdụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha ndị na-eje ozi dị na njikere n'etiti ihe ụmụ amaala na nke ahụ,.[5]

Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe echiche ụfọdụ na nke ụmụ amaala nwere ike iduga na nsogbu mgbe ị na-anwa ụgbọ gburugburu ebe obibi site n'ihe abụọ, maka ma ndị mgbasa, ndị ọgụ, na ndị mgbochi.  Ndị ọkachamara na ndị na-alụ ọgụ a n'Ebe Ọdịda dị iche iche nwere ike n'ama ama ma ọ bụ n'amagwa ike ya n'ime nkewa iji echiche ahụ n'ime nkà ihe àmà na-egosi na ntọalaA, na-efu nke ihe ụmụ amaala dị ka mmiri, nke na- agbanwe agbanwe ma na-aga n'ihu.[1]  Ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ozi nzaghachi iche iche iche na ngalaba na usoro, ụfọdụ n'ime ha asị nkụda ike na ndị agha na-ama n'otu ụzọ mgba.[2]  Enwere ike inwe akwụkwọ na ụmụ akwụkwọ ụmụ amaala a ịhụ dị ka ndị irọ na isiokwu ma ihuenyo ha ka ha kesaa 'nkà' ha.

Enwere ike ịhụ ihe ọmụma ụmụ amaala dị ka ndụ na iku ume, dabere na ihe ọmụma "ogige" na ndị na-edebe ihe ọmụma dị ndụ, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnyefe ihe ọmụma site na akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na usoro mmụta ọdịda anyanwụ. Nlekọta ihe ọmụma na-egosipụta itinye ndị otu obodo, dị ka ndị okenye na ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ala, iji nyefee ihe ọmụma sitere n'ọgbọ na iji ihe atụ na nsogbu ndị na-egosipụtakarị ọdịmma nke ụmụ akwụkwọ, na obodo n'ozuzu.[5]

Enweghị ihe mmetụta na klas na-eme ka ihe ịma aka mgbe ị na-etinye usoro.  Maka ndị nkuzi bi na ya, ọrụ ike ike ego ogologo oge na dị mkpa, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ihe a maara nke ọma, iji ike ma tinye aka na ihe ahụ ma nye ndị òtù nke na-anabata ma ụzọ ndị obodo na ndị isi ego nke .  Na Canada's Nunavut Territory, e nwere ndị nkuzi K-12 Inuit ezu oke iji nchoe ụzọ Inuit nke ngwaọrụ na-eke, ya mere na-achọ ka ndị nkuzi na- መሪ ndị Inuit na- ngwaọrụ ngwaọrụ Inuit n' akwụkwọ, nke nwere ike iduga na ike na-enwe ezi nke ihe chọrọ ka a ma n'ihi ihe ọmụmụ ọmụmụ..[6]

N'omume

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Kemgbe e webatara ya, a matala TES ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ Canada, nyocha obodo, atụmatụ atụmatụ na iwu gọọmentị. [7] [8][9][10]

Ihe atụ ụfọdụ a na-akpọ Initiative Children's Hurt & Healing (ACHH).  ACHH bụ ihe atụ nke nchọcha a na-eme n'ime usoro TES iji chịkọta ma kesaa ihe ụmụ amaala maka nke imeziwanye ndị na-ahụ na-ahụ.  ACHH bụ ndị dị n'etiti Dr. Margot Latimer nke Mahadum Dalhousie / IWK Health na L'nu Eskasoni First Nation Health Director, Sharon Rudderham.  A, ụgwọ a n'ihi dị ala nke ngosi a na-egosi na ndepụta mgbe ọnụ mmadụ a na-enwe nnukwu ihe mgbu, ma e jiri ya አሻራ ndị na-eso ndị obodo.  Site na TES, MARỊLA ihe ihe ndị ,ama obodo ihe ihe mgbu na-eme na ndị ọrịa First Nation, na-eme ka ọ rụpụta mfe ngwaọrụ ihe dị ka ngwá ọrụ na-azụ na-azụ usoro.  egwú na nke a, e izi ngwa [1] iji nyere ikike aka ikwupụta ihe mgbu na ahụ ahụ ha nye ndị ọrụ.  Site na TES, e-padare signal, n'oge na-egosi anya nke ndị obodo site na nkesa dị mfe nke ozi na ngwaọrụ, nke mezuru mkpa na ihe maka ma ndị mụrụ ụmụ na ndị na-eso ụmụ amaala.[7]

Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke echiche nke TES a na-eji gụnyere Ngalaba Environment na Nunavut, nke ngalaba ahụ jiri TES jikwaa ala Arctic ha, na-eduzi ihe omume ogige maka ụmụ akwụkwọ, site na Ngalaba Education, iji jikọta ihe ọmụma Inuit na sayensị Western.  Ndị Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission ejiriwokwa TES mgbe ha na-anakọta ma na-enyocha ozi metụtara ọgbaghara nke ndị obodo na omenala mgbe a manyere ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi.  A na-ejikwa usoro nduzi ahụ rụọ ọrụ na Canadian Institute of Health research - Institute of Aboriginal Peoples' Health (CIHR-IAPH) na n'ime atụmatụ atụmatụ IAPH's 2014, [2] na-egosipụta mkpa ọ dị na nyocha ahụike ụmụ amaala.[1]  Atụmatụ atụmatụ kachasị ọhụrụ, atụmatụ atụmatụ CIHR 2021-2031, [3] na-akọwapụta nkwa ha ịnọgide na-emejuputa njikọ nke ụzọ ụmụ amaala nke ịmara n'ime nyocha ahụike na mkpebi.. [10][10]

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Wright (2019-01-01). "Using Two-Eyed Seeing in Research With Indigenous People: An Integrative Review" (in en). International Journal of Qualitative Methods 18: 160940691986969. DOI:10.1177/1609406919869695. ISSN 1609-4069. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bartlett (2012-11-01). "Two-Eyed Seeing and other lessons learned within a co-learning journey of bringing together indigenous and mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing" (in en). Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 2 (4): 331–340. DOI:10.1007/s13412-012-0086-8. ISSN 2190-6491. 
  3. ↑ Murdena Marshall (en). Tepi’ketuek Mi’kmaw Archives. Retrieved on 2023-04-16.
  4. ↑ Broadhead (2021). "Confronting the contradictions between Western and Indigenous science: a critical perspective on Two-Eyed Seeing" (in en). AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 17 (1): 111–119. DOI:10.1177/1177180121996326. ISSN 1177-1801. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hatcher (2009-07-01). "Two-Eyed Seeing in the Classroom Environment: Concepts, Approaches, and Challenges" (in en). Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education 9 (3): 141–153. DOI:10.1080/14926150903118342. ISSN 1942-4051.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Hatcher-2009" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ Bentham (2017). "The Changing Tides of Education in Nunavut: A Non-Inuit Perspective of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit". 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sylliboy (2021-01-01). "Communities take the lead: exploring Indigenous health research practices through Two-Eyed Seeing & kinship". International Journal of Circumpolar Health 80 (1): 1929755. DOI:10.1080/22423982.2021.1929755. PMID 34061729.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Sylliboy-2021" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ Moorman (2021-04-03). "Envisioning indigenized geography: a two-eyed seeing approach". Journal of Geography in Higher Education 45 (2): 201–220. DOI:10.1080/03098265.2021.1872060. ISSN 0309-8265. 
  9. ↑ Government of Canada (2016-02-19). IAPH Strategic Plan 2014-18 - CIHR. cihr-irsc.gc.ca. Retrieved on 2023-04-16.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Government of Canada (2021-02-23). CIHR Strategic Plan 2021-2031 - CIHR. cihr-irsc.gc.ca. Retrieved on 2023-04-16. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Government of Canada-2021" defined multiple times with different content
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