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Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha

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Lake Naivasha
Location of lake in Kenya
Location of lake in Kenya
Lake Naivasha
Coordinates0°46′6.70″S 36°21′2.32″E / 0.7685278°S 36.3506444°E / -0.7685278; 36.3506444
Basin countriesKenya
Surface area
139 km2 (54 sq mi)
Average depth
6 m (20 ft)
Max. depth30 m (98 ft)
Surface elevation
1,884 m (6,181 ft)
Designated10 April 1995
Reference no.724[1]
Foto satịlaịtị nke Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha
Ọnọdụ Naivasha dị na Kenya

Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha bụ mmiri ọhụrụ ọdọ mmiri dị na Kenya, n'èzí obodo Naivasha dị na Nakuru County, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Nairobi dị na Great Rift Valley. Aha a sitere na aha Maasai nke obodo bụ ɛnaɨpɔ́sha , nke pụtara "ihe na-efe efe," okwu Maasai a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ahụ mmiri buru ibu nke na ọ ga-enwe ike ime ihe mgbe ifufe na-efe ma ọ bụ oké ebiri mmiri na-efe. Naivasha malitere site na mgbalị ndị Britain mere ịkpọ aha Maasai. N'ezie, Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha pụtara "Ọdọ Mmiri."

Ọnọdụ

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Mgbede na Lake Naivasha

Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ na ndagwurugwu Rift nke Kenya. Ọ dị na njikọta dị mgbagwoju anya nke okwute ugwu mgbawa na ebe nchekwa mmiri site na nnukwu ọdọ mmiri oge Pleistocene. E wezụga iyi ndị na-adịghị agafe agafe, osimiri ndị na-adịgide adịgide Malewa na Gilgil na-azụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Enweghị ebe a maara esi abata, mana ebe ọ bụ na mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ọhụrụ, a na-eche na ọ na-esi n'okpuru ala apụta.[2]

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere oke ala nkịtị nke 139 square kilometres (54 sq mi)[3] tupu afọ 2010, ma mụbaa ruo 198 square kilometres (76 sq mi) ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020.[4] Apịtị nke 64 square kilometres (25 sq mi) gbara ya gburugburu, nke na-agbanwe dabere na mmiri ozuzo. N'ịdị elu nke 1,884 metres (6,181 ft),[3] ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere nkezi omimi nke 6 metres (20 ft), ebe mpaghara kachasị omimi dị na Crescent Island, yana oke omimi nke 30 metres (98 ft).[3] Njorowa Gorge bụbu ebe ọdọ mmiri ahụ si apụta, mana ọ dị ugbu a n'elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma bụrụ ọnụ ụzọ mbata Hell's Gate National Park. Obodo Naivasha (nke bụbu East Nakuru) dị n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ.

Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi

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Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba nke Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ụdị anụ ọhịa dị iche iche gụnyere ihe karịrị ụdị dị iche iche 400 nke nnụnụ na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke [[[Hippopotamus|hippo]]. Ndị mmadụ na-azụ azụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ agbanweela nke ukwuu ka oge na-aga, mgbanwe ihu igwe, mbọ ịkụ azụ na iwebata ụdị ndị na-awakpo ha metụtara ya. Mgbanwe kachasị ọhụrụ n'ọnụọgụgụ azụ̀ sochiri mmalite nke cap nkịtị na 2001.[5] Afọ itoolu ka nke ahụ gasịrị, na 2010, azụ̀ nkịtị bụ́ azụ̀ carp karịrị pasentị iri itoolu nke azụ̀ ndị a nwụdere n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.[6]

E nwere obere ọdọ mmiri abụọ dị nso na Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha: Ọdọ Mmiri Oloiden na Ọdọ Mmiri Sonachi (ọdọ mmiri ugwu mgbawa ugwu | ọdọ mmiri mgbawa ugwu]]). Ebe a na-edebe ihe ncheta egwuregwu Crater Lake dị nso, ebe a maara ụsọ ọdọ mmiri ahụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị si Yuropu kwabata na ndị bi ebe ahụ.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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N'agbata afọ 1937 na 1950, e ji ọdọ mmiri ahụ mee ebe a ga-esi rịdata ụgbọ mmiri na-efe efe ndị njem Imperial Airways na ụzọ ozi site na Southampton na Britain gaa South Africa. O jikọtara Kisumu na Nairobi. Joy Adamson, onye dere Born Free, biri n'ụsọ osimiri ahụ n'etiti afọ 1960. N'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ ka Oserian ("Obí Djinn"), nke nwetara aha ọma n'ụbọchị Ndagwurugwu Obi Ụtọ dị n'etiti agha ụwa abụọ ahụ. Na 1999, otu ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri na Lake Naivasha natara Ihe nrite Ramsar Wetland Conservation Award maka mbọ nchekwa ya gbasara ebe Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha Ramsar.

Ọrụ Ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe

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Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha

Ime Ubi Okooko Osisi bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Agbanyeghị, ojiji mmiri ọdọ mmiri na-enweghị iwu na-achịkwa nke ukwuu na-ebelata ọkwa ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ọ bụkwa ihe na-echegbu ndị mmadụ na Kenya. [7] Ịkụ azụ̀ n'ime ọdọ mmiri bụ isi iyi ọrụ na ego maka ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị iche iche n'ọkwa dị iche iche, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kpọọ nkụ kpamkpam n'afọ 1890. Ọkwa ọdọ mmiri n'ozuzu ya na-agbaso usoro mmiri ozuzo n'ógbè ebe a na-adọba mmiri.

Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha, nke a na-akpọbu Ọla dị n'Okpueze nke ọdọ mmiri niile dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, n'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-enwe ọtụtụ nrụgide dị egwu site n'aka ụmụ mmadụ, ọ bụghị ihe kachasị mkpa ịmepụta nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ugbo na ọrụ ugbo n'akụkụ osimiri ya, kamakwa mmụba nke ihe oriri sitere na siltation, nsị mmiri na ihe ndị ọzọ na-esi n'ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri apụta ugbu a na-eru nde mmadụ.[8]

Na 1981, e nyere ọrụ ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mbụ na-ekpo ọkụ maka Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha, ma ka ọ na-erule 1985, a na-emepụta ngụkọta nke ọkụ eletrik 45 MW n'ógbè ahụ.[3]

Ọkwa mmiri

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Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha

Ihe dị ka afọ 10,000 gara aga, Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha, ya na Ọdọ Mmiri Elementaita na Ọdọ Mmiri Nakuru (kilomita 60 n'ebe ugwu), mepụtara otu ọdọ mmiri dị omimi nke dị n'ime mmiri nke mechara kpọọ nkụ, wee hapụ ọdọ mmiri atọ ahụ ka ha bụrụ ihe fọdụrụ.[9]

Mmiri dị na Ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley agbanweela nke ukwuu kemgbe ahụ, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ndị ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ha kpọọ nkụ ọtụtụ ugboro.[9]

Mmiri ahụ ruru omimi nke 0.6m na 1945, mana ọkwa mmiri ahụ rịgoro ọzọ, na obere ntapụ, ruo omimi kachasị nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 6m na 1968.[3] E nwere nnukwu mbelata ọzọ nke ọkwa mmiri na 1987, mgbe omimi ruru mita 2.25 n'elu ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ.[3] Ọdịda nke ọkwa mmiri ọdọ mmiri na 1987 mụbara nchegbu n'ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ geothermal, A na-eche na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nke Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha nwere ike inye mmiri dị n'okpuru ala mmiri na-enye okpomọkụ ebe nchekwa mmiri na Olkaria.[3] Ya mere, mbelata nke mmiri ọdọ mmiri ga-emetụta ọdịnihu nke ụlọ ọrụ geothermal.

Oke elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ amụbaala ihe karịrị pasentị iri ise ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020[4] mere ka ọtụtụ mmadụ gbapụ n'ebe ndị mmadụ bi n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mbụ hụrụ mmụba nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ọkà mmụta ala, onye matara, na mbido afọ 2013, na ọdọ mmiri ahụ "akwagaala kilomita abụọ n'enweghị akụkọ".[10]

Ọdọ Mmiri Naivasha ka na-akwado ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị n'ógbè ahụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-akpọga ndị njem nleta na ndị obodo gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-egosi ha ebe hippo dị mkpa yana Crescent Island.

Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ "Lake Naivasha". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  2. ↑ Harper, David M. (2003). Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Springer. ISBN 1-4020-1236-5.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "THE OUTFLOW OF LAKE NAIVASHA BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION" (characteristics), M.K. Arusei, J. K Sanga, M.P Tole, Department of Chemistry, School of Environmental Studies, Moi University, P.O Box 3900 Eldoret, Kenya, webpage:UNEP-Moi-Arusei-PDF Archived 2005-06-12 at the Library of Congress Web Archives
  4. 1 2 Tobiko, Keriako (2021). "Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria" (PDF). Kenya Government and UNDP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-04-28. Retrieved 2022-03-16. {{cite cite web}}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified (help); More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
  5. ↑ Becht, R., Odada, E. O., & Higgins, S. (2005). Lake Naivasha: Experience and Lessons Learned Brief. Managing lakes and basins for sustainable use, a report for lake basin managers and stakeholders (pp. 277–298). Kusatsu: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation (ILEC)
  6. ↑ Lake Naivasha Annual Fisheries Report, 2010
  7. ↑ "A thorn on every rose for Kenya's flower industry". United Nations FAO. Archived from the original on 2017-12-16. Retrieved 2010-06-20. {{cite cite web}}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified (help); More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
  8. ↑ "Megaceryle maxima (Pallas). African Giant Kingfisher. Alcyon géant.", The Birds of Africa, Academic Press Limited, 1988, doi:10.5040/9781472927002.0171, ISBN 978-1-4729-2700-2
  9. 1 2 "Lake Nakuru | Lake Nakuru | World Lake Database - ILEC". wldb.ilec.or.jp. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  10. ↑ Baraka, Carey (2022-03-17). "A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater". the Guardian (in Bekee). Retrieved 2025-03-11.

Njikọ mpụga

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