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Ọdọ Mmiri Natron

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Ọdọ Mmiri Natron (ọdọ mmiri Medusa)
Satellite image of lake.
The lake on 6 March 2017 (satellite image)
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LocationNgorongoro District, Arusha Region, Tanzania, Kajiado County, Narok County, Kenya
Coordinates02°25′S 36°00′E / 2.417°S 36.000°E / -2.417; 36.000
Lake typesaline
Basin countriesTanzania
850–1,040 km2 (330–400 sq mi)[1][2][3]
Surface elevation
600 metres (2,000 ft)[4]
Official name
Lake Natron Basin
Designated4 July 2001
Reference no.1080[5]
Ọkara ndịda nke Ọdọ Mmiri Natron (n'elu). A pụkwara ịhụ Fault scarp na Gelai Volcano. Ọtụtụ "rafts" dị nso na nnu dị ka ihe na-acha ọcha na akụkụ kachasị omimi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ (n'ime).

Ọdọ Mmiri Natron bụ nnukwu alkaline ọdọ mmiri nnu dị na ugwu Mpaghara Ngorongoro nke Mpaghara Arusha na Tanzania ya na nsọtụ ugwu ya na-agafe na Mpaghara Kajiado na Narok County na Kenya. Ọ dị na Gregory Rift, nke bụ alaka ọwụwa anyanwụ nke East African Rift.[4] The lake is within the Lake Natron Basin, a Ramsar Site wetland of international significance.[5]

Nkọwa

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Isi mmiri a na-enye ọdọ mmiri a bụ Osimiri Ewaso Ng'iro Ndịda, nke na-arịgo n'etiti Kenya, yana isi iyi ọkụ jupụtara na mineral.[4] Ọ dị obere nke ukwuu, ọ pere mpe karịa 3 metres (9.8 ft) omimi, ọ dịkwa iche iche n'obosara dabere na ọkwa mmiri ya. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere oke ogologo nke 57 kilometres (35 mi) na obosara nke 22 kilometres (14 mi).[4] Mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu na-enweta mmiri ozuzo na-adịghị mma n'oge, ọkachasị n'etiti Disemba na Mee, nke bụ 800 millimetres (31 in) kwa afọ.[4] Okpomọkụ dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-adịkarị elu karịa 40 °C (104 °F).[4]

Oke ikuku amịkọrọ mmiri ahapụla natron (sodium carbonate decahydrate) na trona (sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate). Alkalinity nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike iru pH karịrị 12. Dịka Live Science si kwuo, oke alkaline nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ sodium carbonate na mineral ndị ọzọ na-asọba n'ime mmiri site na gburugburu ya. Ihe ndị dị n'akụkụ ala ahụ bụ lava trachyte alkaline, nke sodium jupụtara na ya, nke e tinyere n'oge Pleistocene. Lava nwere nnukwu carbonate mana ọkwa calcium na magnesium dị ala, nke mere ka ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwee ike ịchịkọta mmiri nnu alkaline dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị nro. Ọnọdụ kemịkalụ ndị a dị oke njọ na-emepụta gburugburu ebe siri ike ebe naanị ihe ndị dị ndụ pụrụ iche nwere ike ịdị ndụ.[6]

A maara calcify ahụ nke ihe ọ bụla dị ndụ nwụrụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ka kemịkalụ nke mmiri ahụ.[7]

Osisi

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Agba nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ihe e ji mara ebe oke mmiri na-ekupụ mmiri. Ka mmiri na-apụ n'anya n'oge ọkọchị, ọkwa nnu na-abawanye ruo n'ókè nke na ndị hụrụ nnu n'anya na-amalite itolite. Ihe ndị dị ndụ halophile dị otu a gụnyere ụfọdụ cyanobacteria nke na-emepụta nri nke ha site na iji photosynthesis dịka osisi si eme. Agba ọbara ọbara nke na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime cyanobacteria na-emepụta agba ọbara ọbara miri emi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ na agba oroma nke akụkụ ndị na adịghị omimi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. A na-agbakwa isi nnu alkali dị n'elu ọdọ mmiri ahụ agba ọbara ọbara ma ọ bụ pink site na ụmụ ahụhụ halophilic bi ebe ahụ. Apịtị nnu na mmiri mmiri dị ọcha gbara gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-akwado ọtụtụ osisi dị iche iche.

Anụmanụ

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Ọtụtụ anụmanụ na-ahụ oke okpomọkụ dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ (ruo 60 °C [140 °F]) na oke nnu ya na-agbanwe agbanwe adịghị mma.[8] Agbanyeghị, Ọdọ Mmiri Natron bụ ebe obibi nke ụfọdụ endemic algae, invertebrates, na nnụnụ. N'ime mmiri nnu dị n'akụkụ ya, ụfọdụ azụ̀ nwekwara ike ịlanarị.

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ naanị ebe a na-azụkarị ụmụ anụmanụ na East Africa maka nde mmadụ 2.5 flamingo ndị dị obere, ndị ọnọdụ ha nke "dị nso n'ihe egwu" sitere na ndabere ha n'otu ebe a. Mgbe mmiri nnu na-amụba, otú ahụ ka cyanobacteria na amụba, ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwekwara ike ịkwado akwụkwu ndị ọzọ. Flamingoes ndị a, otu nnukwu ìgwè dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, na-ezukọ n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri nnu dị nso iji rie Spirulina (algae na-acha anụnụ anụnụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere agba uhie). Ọdọ Mmiri Natron bụ ebe dị mma maka ịzụ ụmụ n'ihi na gburugburu ebe obibi ya caustic bụ ihe mgbochi megide ndị na-eri anụ na-agbalị iru akwụ ha n'agwaetiti evaporite nke na-etolite n'oge. Ndị flamingo nke ukwuu na-amụkwa nwa n'elu ájá ájá.

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ emeela ka ihe nkiri okike pụta ìhè The Crimson Wing: Mystery of the Flamingos site n'aka Disneynature, maka mmekọrịta chiri anya ya na Lesser Flamingo dị ka naanị ebe ha na-azụkarị.

Ụdị azụ abụọ a na-ahụkarị, alkaline tilapias Alcolapia latilabris na A. ndalalani, na-emekwa nke ọma n'ime mmiri dị n'akụkụ mmiri ọkụ. A. alcalica dịkwa n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, mana ọ bụghị ebe niile.

Ihe iyi egwu na nchekwa

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A dịghị ebi n'ógbè gbara ọdọ mmiri nnu gburugburu mana e nwere ụfọdụ ịzụ anụ na ịkọ ihe ubi n'oge. Ihe iyi egwu nye nguzozi nnu site na mmụba nke mmiri mmiri ala ga-esi na atụmatụ igbutu osisi ndị ọzọ na mmiri Natron pụta na atụmatụ e mere hydroelectric ọkụ eletrik n'elu Ewaso Ng'iro n'ofe ókèala na Kenya. Ọ bụ ezie na atụmatụ mmepe gụnyere iwuli mmiri mmiri n'akụkụ ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ iji gbochie mmiri dị ọcha, ihe iyi egwu nke ịgbasa ebe a na-azụ ụmụ nwere ike ka dị njọ. Enweghị nchebe nkịtị.

Ihe iyi egwu ọhụrụ nye Ọdọ Mmiri Natron bụ atụmatụ imepụta ụlọ ọrụ soda ash n'ụsọ osimiri ya. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-amịpụta mmiri site n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ wee wepụta sodium carbonate ka ọ ghọọ ntụ ịsa ákwà maka mbupụ. Ndị ga-eso ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe a ga-enwe ebe obibi maka ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ 1000, yana ebe a na-ere ọkụ eletrik site na kol iji nye ike maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ahụ. Tinyere nke ahụ, enwere ike na ndị nrụpụta nwere ike itinye ngwakọ ogbe brine iji mee ka arụmọrụ nke mwepụta dịkwuo mma.

Dịka Chris Magin, onye ọrụ mba ụwa RSPB's maka Afrịka si kwuo, "Ohere nke obere flamingoes ịnọgide na-amụba n'agbanyeghị ọgba aghara dị otu a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ efu. Mmepe a ga-eme ka obere flamingoes dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka ghara ịla n'iyi." Pasent iri asaa na ise nke obere flamingoes dị n'ụwa mụrụ na Lake Natron.[9] Ugbua, otu ihe karịrị iri ise ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi nke dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka na-eme mkpọsa zuru ụwa ọnụ iji kwụsị atụmatụ iwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe soda ash nke Tata Chemicals Ltd nke Mumbai, India, na National Development Corporation nke Tanzania. Ken Mwathe, Onye njikwa mmemme nchekwa na BirdLife International nke Africa Secretariat na-ahazi otu a na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nche anwụ aha ya bụ Lake Natron Consultative Group.

Dịka ozi e nyere na June 2008 si kwuo, Tata Chemicals agaghị aga n'ihu na Natron Project, a ga-enyochakwa ọrụ a ọzọ dịka atụmatụ Ramsar Wetlands si dị, nke a na-akwado ugbu a.[10]

N'ihi ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ dị na ya, Tanzania kpọrọ Ọdọ Mmiri Natron Basin aha Ndepụta Ramsar nke Ala Mmiri nke Mkpa Mba Nile na 4 Julaị 2001. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụkwa World Wildlife Fund halophytics nke East Africa ecoregion.

Ịga leta ebe ahụ

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E nwere ọtụtụ ebe a na-ama ụlọikwuu n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke bụkwa isi ebe a na-arịgo Ol Doinyo Lengai. Ọdọ Mmiri Natron nwere ike ịdọta ndị njem nleta nke dị mkpa maka mmepe ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe obibi. Agbanyeghị, enweghị atụmatụ njikwa izugbe, enweghị ego zuru oke n'ọkwa ọrụ, enweghị usoro iji hụ na ekesara uru njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọma, na ebe ndị njem nlegharị anya na-adịghị mma nke ọma ka achọpụtara dị ka ihe ịma aka ndị bụ isi metụtara njikwa njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara ahụ. A pụkwara ịnweta ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na Shompole Conservancy Kenya.[11]

Leekwa

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Edensibia

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  1. ↑ "Lake That Turns Animals to Stone? Not Quite : DNews". DNews. Archived from the original on 9 Maachị 2016. Retrieved 5 Jenụwarị 2016. {{cite cite web}}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified (help)
  2. ↑ "Lake Natron". Beach Safari.
  3. ↑ "Key Biodiversity Areas". www.keybiodiversityareas.org.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Eastern Africa: Northern Tanzania, on the border with Kenya". World Wildlife Fund.
  5. 1 2 "Lake Natron Basin". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 Eprel 2018.
  6. ↑ Lallanilla, Marc (2 Ọktoba 2013). "Lake That Turns Animals to Stone? Not Quite". Live Science (in Bekee). Retrieved 7 Mee 2026.
  7. ↑ Joseph Stromberg (2 Ọktoba 2013). "This Alkaline African Lake Turns Animals into Stone". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 11 Mee 2023.
  8. ↑ Swancer, Brent (20 Eprel 2015). "The Bizarre Medusa Lake of Africa". Retrieved 1 Jụn 2019.
  9. ↑ Billock, Jennifer (14 Jụn 2016). "The Deadly Lake Where 75 Percent of the World's Lesser Flamingoes Are Born". Smithsonian. Retrieved 17 Jụn 2016.
  10. ↑ "Position Statement on the Lake Natron Project" (PDF). Tata Chemicals. 13 Jụn 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 Ọktoba 2013. Retrieved 7 Ọktoba 2013. {{cite cite web}}: More than one of |accessdate= and |access-date= specified (help); More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
  11. ↑ Shoo, Rehema Abeli (2020), "Ecotourism Potential and Challenges at Lake Natron Ramsar Site, Tanzania", Protected Areas in Northern Tanzania, Geotechnologies and the Environment, vol. 22, Springer International Publishing, pp. 75–90, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43302-4_6, ISBN 978-3-030-43301-7

Njikọ mpụga

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