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Abụ-akwa

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Foto sitere na "Jeremiah's Lament" nke Francysk Skaryna (1517-1519), na orthography Taraškievica nke Asụsụ Belarus
Nsụgharị Grik nke Abụ Ákwá 1:1-1:11 na Codex Sinaiticus

Akwụkwọ Abụ Ákwá (Hibru: , ʾĒā, site na incipit ya nke pụtara "otú") bụ nchịkọta nke abụ ákwá maka mbibi Jerusalem na 586 BCE.[1] Na Bible Hibru, ọ pụtara na Ketuvim ("Akwụkwọ") dị ka otu n'ime Megillot ise ("Akwụlọ Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Ise") n'akụkụ Abụ, Akwụkwọ Rut, Eklezia, na Akwụkwọ Esta. N'ime Agba Ochie nke Ndị Kraịst, ọ na-agbaso Akwụkwọ Jeremaịa, n'ihi na a na-aghọta na Jeremaịa onye amụma bụ onye dere ya.[2][3] Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ndị ọkà mmụta German nwere obi abụọ banyere onye dere Jeremaịa, echiche nke ghọrọ nkwekọrịta ndị ọkà mmụta.[1] Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na e dere Akwụkwọ Abụ Ákwá n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọdịda Jerusalem na 586 BCE.[2]

Ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-egosi ọdịnala Mesopotamian "obodo ákwá" pụtara ìhè n'akwụkwọ ahụ, dị ka iru uju maka ọpụpụ Chineke gbara obodo ahụ, mbibi ya, na nloghachi ikpeazụ nke chi ahụ; ndị ọzọ "na-agbakọta na olili ozu nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ na-eru ákwá... na... na-ekwu maka [ndị nwụrụ anwụ]". [2] Ụda ya bụ ihe na-adịghị mma: Chineke anaghị ekwu okwu, a na-egosi ogo nhụjuanya dị ka ihe karịrị akarị, na atụmanya nke mgbapụta n'ọdịnihu dị obere. Ka o sina dị, onye edemede ahụ na-eme ka o doo anya ugboro ugboro na obodo ahụ - na ọbụna onye edemede n'onwe ya - emeela mmehie dị ukwuu megide Chineke, si otú a na-emebi iwe Chineke. N'ime nke a, onye edemede ahụ anaghị ata Chineke ụta kama ọ na-egosi Chineke dị ka onye ezi omume, onye ezi omume na mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna onye ebere.

Nchịkọta

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Akwụkwọ ahụ nwere uri ise dị iche iche.[3] N'isi nke mbụ, obodo ahụ na-anọdụ ala dị ka nwanyị di ya nwụrụ na-ebe ákwá nke ahụhụ meriri. N'isi nke 2, a kọwara nhụsianya ndị a n'ihe metụtara mmehie mba na omume Chineke. Isi nke 3 na-ekwu maka olileanya maka ndị Chineke: na ntaramahụhụ ga-abụ naanị maka ọdịmma ha; ụbọchị ka mma ga-abịara ha. Isi nke 4 na-akwa arịrị maka mbibi na mbibi nke obodo na ụlọ nsọ mana ọ na-achọpụta ya na mmehie ndị mmadụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime isi nke 5 bụ ekpere na a ga-ewepụ ụta Zaịọn na nchegharị na mgbake nke ndị mmadụ. N'ime ụfọdụ akwụkwọ Grik, na nsụgharị Latin Vulgate, Syriac, na Arabic, isi nke ikpeazụ bụ "Ekpere Jeremaịa".[3]

Isiokwu

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Iru újú jikọtara akụkụ nke kinah, ihe mkpofu olili ozu maka mfu nke obodo ahụ, na "mwute obodo" na-arịọ maka mweghachi nke ndị ya.[7] Ọ na-egosipụta echiche, nke a na-achọpụta na akwụkwọ Sumerian nke otu puku afọ gara aga, na mbibi nke obodo nsọ ahụ bụ ntaramahụhụ Chineke nyere maka mmehie ọha nke ndị ya. [8] Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na iru uju yiri nke Sumerian nke mmalite puku afọ nke abụọ BCE (dịka, "Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur," "Lament for Sumer and Ur," and the "Nippur Lament"), a na-ekwughachi iru uju Sumerian n'oge a na-ewu ụlọ nsọ, ya mere, nwere njedebe nwere nchekwube. N'ụzọ dị iche, e dere akwụkwọ nke iru uju tupu nloghachi / iwughachi ma si otú a nwee naanị iru uju na arịrịọ nye Chineke na-enweghị nzaghachi ma ọ bụ mkpebi. [3][9]

Malite na eziokwu nke ọdachi, Abụ-akwa na-ejedebe na ohere dị ilu na Chineke nwere ike ịjụ Israel n'ikpeazụ. A naghị agba ndị na-ata ahụhụ n'ihu iru uju ume ka ha nwee obi ike n'ịdị mma nke Chineke; n'ezie, Chineke na-aza ajụjụ maka ọdachi ahụ. Onye na-ede uri kwetara na ahụhụ a bụ ntaramahụhụ ziri ezi. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, a na-ewere Chineke ka o nwere nhọrọ ma ọ ga-eme ihe n'ụzọ a na n'oge a. Olileanya na-esite n'icheta ịdị mma Chineke n'oge gara aga, mana ọ bụ ezie na nke a na-eme ka mkpu Chineke mee ihe iji zọpụta ya, ọ nweghị nkwa na ọ ga-eme. Mgbagha agaghị eme ka Chineke nwee amara ebe ọ nwere ike inye ma ọ bụ gbochie amara dịka ọ họọrọ. N'ikpeazụ, o kwere omume na Chineke ajụla ndị ya n'ikpeazụ ma nwee ike ọ gaghị anapụta ha ọzọ. Ka o sina dị, ọ na-ekwupụtakwa obi ike na ebere nke Yahweh (Chineke nke Israel) anaghị akwụsị kama ọ bụ ihe ọhụrụ kwa ụtụtụ.[12]

Ọdịdị ya

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Jeremaịa Na-akwa Ụta maka Mbibi nke Jerusalem (Rembrandt)

Abụ-akwa nwere uri ise dị iche iche (na ndị na-abụghị nke oge), kwekọrọ na isi ise ya.[3] Abụọ n'ime njirimara ya bụ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ acrostic na mita qinah ya. Otú ọ dị, nsụgharị Bekee ole na ole na-ejide ma ọ bụ; ọbụna ole na ole gbalịrị ijide ha abụọ.[4]

A na-ede isi anọ mbụ dị ka acrostics. Isi nke 1, 2, na 4 nke ọ bụla nwere amaokwu 22, kwekọrọ na mkpụrụedemede 22 nke mkpụrụedemede Hibru, ahịrị mbụ na-amalite na mkpụrụedemete mbụ nke mkpụrụedemete, nke abụọ na mkpụrụedemade nke abụọ, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Isi nke 3 nwere amaokwu iri isii na isii, nke mere na mkpụrụedemede ọ bụla na-amalite ahịrị atọ.[3]

Abụ nke ise, nke kwekọrọ na isi nke ise, abụghị acrostic mana ọ ka nwere ahịrị 22.[3]

Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ na-azọrọ na ebumnuche ma ọ bụ ọrụ nke ụdị acrostic amaghị, a na-eche mgbe niile na usoro mkpụrụ akwụkwọ zuru ezu na-egosipụta ụkpụrụ nke izu oke, site na alef (mkpụrụ akwụkwọ mbụ) ruo tav (mkpụrụedemede nke iri abụọ na abụọ); ihe Bekee ya ga-abụ "site na A ruo Z". [3] [8][9][14]

Nsụgharị Bekee ndị na-anwa ijide ọdịdị a dị ole na ole. Ha gụnyere ndị nke Ronald Knox [5] na nke David R. Slavitt.[15] N'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, eserese ha nke mkpụrụedemede Hibru 22 n'ime mkpụrụedemede Latin 26 na-eji 'A' ruo 'V' (na-ewepu W, X, Y na Z), si otú a enweghị "A ruo Z" nke izu oke.

Nhazi nke acrostic

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N'adịghị ka usoro mkpụrụ akwụkwọ, n'etiti isiakwụkwọ nke Abụ Ákwá, mkpụrụedemede pe (mkpụrụedemede nke iri na asaa) na-abịa n'ihu ayin (nke iri na isii). N'isi nke mbụ, ederede Masoretic na-eji usoro mkpụrụ akwụkwọ nke oge a; Otú ọ dị, na mbipụta Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ nke ederede (4QLam/4Q111, c. 37 BCE - 73 CE), ọbụna isi nke mbụ na-eji iwu pe-ayin dị na isi 2, 3, na 4.[17][18]

Qinah

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Isi anọ mbụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ nwere usoro qinah akọwapụtara nke ọma nke nrụgide atọ sochiri abụọ, ọ bụ ezie na isi nke ise enweghị nke a.[19] Dobbs-Allsopp na-akọwa mita a dị ka "ọchịchị na-ada ụda nke ahịrị ndị na-adịghị mma na ndị a na-ejighị n'aka".[20] Ọzọkwa, nsụgharị Bekee ole na ole na-anwa ijide nke a. Ndị ọzọ gụnyere Robert Alter's Hebrew Bible[6] na New American Bible Revised Edition.[7]

Ihe mejupụtara

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A na-egosipụta ákwá Jeremaịa na osisi a nke Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld sere na 1860.

Nkọwa ọdịnala nke onye dere ya na Jeremaịa sitere na mkpali nke ịkọwa akwụkwọ Baịbụl niile na ndị edemede Baịbụl sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ. Jeremaịa, onye amụma nke buru amụma ọnwụ ya n'oge ahụ, bụ nhọrọ doro anya.[3] Na 2 Ihe E Mere 35:25 a na-ekwu na Jeremaịa dere mkpu maka ọnwụ Eze Jọshịa, mana ọ nweghị ebe a kpọtụrụ Jọshia aha n'akwụkwọ mkpu ma ọ nweghị ihe mere ọ ga-eji jikọta ya na Jeremaia. [3][9][23] Otú ọ dị, nkwekọrịta nke oge a n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta bụ na Jeremaịa edeghị Abụ-akwa dị ka ọtụtụ ederede oge ochie, onye edemede ma ọ bụ ndị edemede ka na-amaghị aha ha.

Ndị ọkà mmụta kewara ma akwụkwọ ahụ bụ ọrụ nke otu onye ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ndị edemede.[24] Dabere na ọnọdụ nke ikpeazụ, onye na-ede uri dị iche iche dere nke ọ bụla n'ime isiakwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ wee sonye iji mepụta akwụkwọ ahụ. [3][9] Otu ihe na-egosi ọtụtụ ndị edemede bụ na okike na ọnọdụ nke onye akaebe mbụ na-agbanwe - akụkọ ahụ bụ nwanyị na mkpu nke mbụ na nke abụọ, mana nwoke na nke atọ, ebe nke anọ na nke ise bụ akụkọ ndị ji anya ha hụ mbibi Jerusalem.[25] N'aka nke ọzọ, myirịta nke ụdị, okwu, na echiche nkà mmụta okpukpe na otu ọnọdụ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ arụmụka maka otu onye edemede.[26]

Asụsụ akwụkwọ ahụ dabara na Exilic ụbọchị (586-520 BCE), na uri ndị ahụ nwere ike isi n'aka Ndị Juu nọgidere n'ala ahụ.[24]  Eziokwu ahụ bụ na acrostics nke isi 2-4 na-agbaso usoro pe-ayin nke mkpụrụedemede Paleo-Hebrew tupu Exilic na-akwado ọnọdụ ahụ na ha abụghị ihe ndị postxilic.[17][18][27] Otú ọ dị, usoro nke isiakwụkwọ ndị ahụ abụghị usoro oge, ọ bụghịkwa ndị ji anya ha hụ ihe omume ahụ dere uri ndị ahụ. A chịkọtara akwụkwọ ahụ n'etiti 586 BCE na njedebe nke narị afọ nke isii BCE, mgbe e wughachiri Ụlọ nsọ ahụ. [3][9]  N'ihi na Aịsaịa nke Abụọ, onye e dere n'afọ 550-538 BCE, yiri ka ọ maara ma ọ dịkarịa ala akụkụ nke Abụ Ákwá, akwụkwọ ahụ nwere ike ịbụ na a na-ekesa ya n'etiti narị afọ nke isii, mana a maghị kpọmkwem oge, ebe, na ihe kpatara ya.[3] 

N'ememe okpukpe

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Ndị Juu na-agụkwa iru uju kwa afọ n'ụbọchị ibu ọnụ nke Av" id="mwAUE" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av (nke itoolu nke Av) (July-August), na-eru uju mbibi nke Ụlọ Nsọ Mbụ (nke ndị Babilọn na 586 BCE) na Ụlọ Nsọ nke Abụọ (nke ndị Rom na 70 OA). [3][9][28]   N'ọtụtụ ihe odide na maka iji ụlọ nzukọ eme ihe, a na-ekwughachi Abụ Ákwá 5:21 mgbe amaokwu 22, ka ịgụ ya wee ghara iji okwu na-egbu mgbu mechie - omume a na-emekwa maka amaokwu ikpeazụ nke Aịsaịa, Onye Ozizi, na Malakaị, [8] "ka ịgụ ya n'ụlọ nzukọ nwere ike iji okwu nkasi obi mechie ya".

N'omenala Ndị Kraịst, ọgụgụ sitere na Abụ Ákwá bụ akụkụ nke liturgies nke Izu Nsọ.[3]

Na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ, a na-eji ọgụgụ (nke a na-abụkarị abụ) na nhazi nke ndị sitere n'akwụkwọ ahụ mee ihe na ozi okpukpe Lent a maara dị ka Latịn-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Tenebrae (Latin maka 'ọchịchịrị'). Na Chọọchị England, a na-eji ọgụgụ ihe eme ihe na Ekpere Ụtụtụ na nke mgbede na Mọnde na Tuzdee nke Izu Nsọ, na Ekpere mgbede na Good Friday.

Na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks Coptic, a na-abụ abụ nke atọ nke akwụkwọ ahụ n'awa nke iri na abụọ nke ozi Good Friday, nke na-echeta olili Jizọs.[9]

Ihe odide ndị ka dị

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Ezinụlọ ndị a ma ama na ndị a na-eche na ha bụ ihe odide Bible Hibru, ebe "MT" bụ ederede Masoretic.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ndị kasị ochie dị ugbu a sitere na ọtụtụ narị afọ mgbe oge onye dere ya gasịrị. N'Asụsụ Hibru, Leningrad Codex (1008) bụ nsụgharị Masoretic Text.[32] Kemgbe 1947, akwụkwọ ahụ dum efuola na Aleppo Codex . A chọtara iberibe akwụkwọ ndị nwere akụkụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ n'asụsụ Hibru n'etiti Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ: 4Q111 (30-1 BCE), [10] 3Q3 (30 BCE-50 CE), 5Q6 (50 CE), na 5Q7 (30 BCE-50 OA). [34][36][37][38][39][40]

E nwekwara nsụgharị n'asụsụ Koine Grik nke a maara dị ka Septuagint, nke e mere na narị afọ ole na ole gara aga BCE. Nsụgharị Septuagint gbakwunyere ahịrị mmeghe tupu ahịrị nke mbụ:

Mgbe a dọọrọ Izrel n'agha, Jerusalem tọgbọrọ n'efu, Jeremaịa nọdụrụ na-ebe ákwá, na-akwa ákwá na iru uju a maka Jerusalem, wee sị,

Ihe odide oge ochie dị ugbu a nke nsụgharị Septuagint gụnyere Codex Vaticanus (narị afọ nke anọ), Codex Sinaiticus (narị nke anọ), Codex Alexandrinus (narie nke ise) na Codex Marchalianus (narị narị afọ nke isii).[42]

N'egwú

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  • A na-edepụta King James Version nke Ịkwa arịrịọ 1:12 dị ka ederede na oratorio asụsụ Bekee "Messiah" nke George Frideric Handel (HWV 56). [11]
  • Handel jikwa amaokwu sitere Arịrị n'ime Funeral Anthem maka mmegharị nke abụọ nke Queen Caroline, "Ụzọ nke Zion do Mourn". 
  • Edward Gibbons gbanwere ụfọdụ n'ime ederede n'amaokwu ya Kedu ka ụbọchị obodo siworo bụrụ naanị gị . [12]

Hụkwa

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  • Abụ-akwa nke Jeremaịa Onye Amụma: ntọala egwu.

Ihe odide

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Peeji mbụ nke Book of Lamentations na codex nke Kethuvim na omenala Masoretic nke Babilọn Hibru (narị afọ nke iri).

Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ

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Templeeti:S-start Templeeti:S-hou Templeeti:S-bef Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-aft Templeeti:S-bef Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-aft Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-aft Templeeti:S-ttl Templeeti:S-end

Ebe e si nweta ya

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Templeeti:Book of Lamentations

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

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Njikọ mpụga

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Templeeti:Books of the BibleNsụgharị ndị Juu

Nsụgharị Ndị Kraịst

  • Abụ-akwa n'ihe odide ndị dị nsọ KJV, Tan, Sep, Vul
  • Lamentations ọha na eze ngalaba audiobook na Ụdị dị iche iche

Nsụgharị ndị na-anọgide na-enwe ọdịdị acrostic

  • Knox Translation (22 mkpụrụedemede: A ruo V, na-ahapụ W ruo Z)

Nsụgharị ndị na-ejigide ụda metric (qinah)

Nsụgharị ndị na-echekwa ma acrostics na qinah

  • ServiceMusic translation (22 mkpụrụedemede: A ruo Z, na-ewepu mkpụrụedemede anọ dị n'etiti)

1

  1. ↑ Salters (2010). Lamentations: A Critical and Exegetical Commentary. Bloomsbury Publishing, 4-7. ISBN 978-0-567-03037-5. 
  2. ↑ Young (2017). Linguistic Dating of Biblical Texts: Volume 2. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-56005-4. 
  3. ↑ Gill (1746–1763). "Lamentations 5", Exposition of the Entire Bible. 
  4. ↑ Lee. Lamentations: introducing this version (en). ServiceMusic. Archived from the original on 2024-05-18. Retrieved on 2024-09-12.
  5. ↑ Renau (20 July 2010). I Form the Light and Create Darkness (en). Contemporary Poetry Review. Archived from the original on 2024-02-29.
  6. ↑ Alter (2019-01-08). The Hebrew Bible. National Geographic Books. ISBN 0-393-29249-5. 
  7. ↑ The Book of Lamentations (en). United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from the original on 2023-11-18. Retrieved on 9 May 2020.
  8. ↑ Ellicott [1878] (2015). "Lamentations 5:22", A Bible Commentary for English Readers. Arkose Press. ISBN 9781345350784. 
  9. ↑ Robertson-Wilson (2011). "Chapter 18 Good Friday and the Copts: Glimpses in to the Drama of This Holy Day", in Skinner: Bountiful Harvest: Essays in Honor of S. Kent Brown. Maxwell Institute Publications, 365–366. ISBN 9780842528047. 
  10. ↑ General Info (en). The Way To Yahuweh (5 January 2018). Archived from the original on 2024-09-01. Retrieved on 2024-09-13.
  11. ↑ Block (2001). "Handel's Messiah: Biblical and Theological Perspectives". Didaskalia 12. Retrieved on 19 July 2011. 
  12. ↑ Harley (1999). Orlando Gibbons and the Gibbons Family of Musicians. London: Ashgate Publishing, 20–21. ISBN 978-1-840-14209-9. 

Templeeti:The Three Weeks

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