Abram Kofman
Abram Kofman | |
|---|---|
 Kofman na 1906 | |
| Aha obodo | Ndị edemede Koman |
| A mụrụ ya | 1864-1865 Odesa, Alaeze Ukwu Russia |
| Nwụrụ | c. 1940 (afọ 74-75) |
| Ọrụ | Onye na-edebe akwụkwọ, Esperantist, onye na-ede uri |
| Asụsụ | Esperanto, Russian, Ido, WesternEbe Ọdịda Anyanwụ |
Abram Antoni Kofman (; – ), makwaara dị ka Abraham S. Kofman, bụ onye Rọshịa-Juu onye ndekọ ego, na onye na-ede uri na onye ntụgharị asụsụ n'ọtụtụ asụsụ arụpụtara. Site na Odesa, Alaeze Ukwu Rọshịa, Kofman mụtara Esperanto n'afọ 1889 ma bụrụkwa onye nkwado mbụ nke nkuchi asụsụ ahụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị Juu mbụ Rọshịa dere uri n'asụsụ Esperanto ma ọtụtụ ndị kọwara ya dị ka "ọsụ ụzọ". Ọrụ ya pụtara n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ asụsụ Esperanto na akwụkwọ akụkọ mmalite, gụnyere . Ọ bụ onye nsụgharị nke ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ Hibru n’asụsụ Esperanto na asụsụ ada ya, bụ́ Ido. Ọ bụ onye ntụgharị asụsụ Greek-Esperanto ochie nke mbụ, na-emepụta nsụgharị nke akụkụ nke Iliad malite na 1895..
Kofman sokwa na mmepe nke okpukperechi nke uwa, Hillelism, onye okike Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof na 1901, onye bu onye dere Esperanto. N'ikpeazụ, Kofman hapụrụ Esperanto iji kwado Ido, ma mesịa Occidental (nke bụ Interlingue ugbu a). O kere ọrụ n'asụsụ abụọ ahụ, gụnyere akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Uri. N'afọ 1940, e gburu Kofman na bọmbụ ikuku nke Odesa..
Esperanto
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Kofman na Odesa, [1] tọrọ Ukwu Russia, na 1864-1865. [2][3] N'ṭṭṭṭṭ ya, Ṭṭṭṭṭṭṭṭṃ Ṭṭṭṭṭṭṃ Ọ mụtara Esperanto na 1889, ihe na-erughị afọ abụọ ka Zamenhof malitere ya na 1887. [3] [5] Ric Berger bụ onye mbụ Russia kwalitere Esperanto; Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị Juu Esperantist Russia mbụ na otu n'ime ndị Esperantist Juu atọ nke Odesa na 1902.. [7][1]
Ndị ọkà mmụta nke akwụkwọ Esperanto na-agbatị oge atọ: Kofman rụrụ ọrụ na mbụ (Esperanto: Unua periodo), nke gụnyere ndị edemede ruo Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Tazio Carlevalo na-akọwa ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche atọ: Kofman bụ "Slavic School", [a] ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'etiti 1916 na 1920. Nke a bụ akwụkwọ mbụ nke akwụkwọ Esperanto: ndị dere na dezie saịtị site na narị afọ nke 20 ruo 1920. Enwere ike kewaa ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ n'ọgbọ abụọ: Kofman bụ nke mbụ. Ndị ọgbọ Kofman bụ ndị ọgbọ Zamenhof, dị ka onye edemede Vasilij Devjatnin [ru; eo], Leo Belmont , na nwanne Zamenhof Felix Zamenhof [fr; p.[1][2][3] Ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Carlevalo na-achọ nnwere onwe na ejiji, ma ọ nwere "ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke dị ọcha". [2][3]
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Kofman dere ma ihe mbụ ntụgharị maka gị ọtụtụ akwụkwọ Esperanto; o dere n'uvoi vaai iche iche, gụnyere satirical epigrams nke uri akụkọ. [1] Ọ pụtara na akwụkwọ Zamenhof 1903 Fundamenta Krestomatio [eo] (Fundamental Chrestomathy). [2] O weputara obere akụkọ maka Louis de Beaufront's L'Espérantiste [eo], [1] na akwụkwọ akụkọ Czech Bohema Esperantisto [eo] jikọrọ aka. [3] [13] Lingvo Internacia nyere La Esperantist ọtụtụ ihe nrite n'okpuru pseudonym "Amiko" ("Enyi"); Ọ bụ ezie na m kweere ná mmalite na ọ bụ ọrụ Zamenhof, emechara m chọpụta na ọ bụ ọrụ Kofman.[4] Na 1896, o mere atụmatụ ibipụta mkpokọta egwu a na-akpọ Voice of the People (Voħes de Popoloj) n'asụsụ nke asatọ, ma e bipụtaghị ya. [5] [6] Maka ederede Finnish, Estonia, Hungarian, Japanese, na Mordvin, ọ rịọrọ maka enyemaka site n'aka onye Esperantist Finnish Gustaf John Ramstedt, n'ihi na Ramstedt enweghị ike ịsụ Japanese.[7][6] N’ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara ya na magazin Lingvo Internacia, Kofman kwuru na ya na-atụ anya inwe asụsụ 35-50 n’ikpeazụ.. [4]
Kofman bụ onye ntụgharị asụsụ Greek-Esperanto mbụ, onye sụgharịrị Homer's Iliad na 1895 na 1897.[1] Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ntụgharị asụsụ ndị Juu na Odesa bụ ndị mepụtara ntụgharị asụsụ Agba Ochie na Esperanto, n'afọ 1893 ọ tụgharịrị n'akwụkwọ nke Esther na Akwụkwọ Ruth; Kofman mechara sụgharịa Akwụkwọ Esta gaa n'asụsụ Ido n'afọ 1925. [2][20] Na 1902, Nzukọ Ọchịchị Ụwa nke Esperanto, Kọmitii Asụsụ (Komiti Asụsụ) họpụtara Kofman ka ọ bụrụ onye otu "Universal Dictionary" nke Fundamento de Esperanto. . [5]
Kofman bụ ezigbo enyi LL Zamenhof, onye mepụtara Esperanto, [1] onye gwara Kofman okwu banyere echiche nke okpukpe ndị Juu. Na May 28, 1901, Zamenhof bipụtara akwụkwọ Kofman [b] banyere atụmatụ ya ịkpọ Hillelism (Hilelismo), atụmatụ ime okpukpe ndị Juu ka ọ bụrụ okpukpe ụwa. Ọ gụnyere ụdị akwụkwọ nta maka okpukpe ahụ, nke Zamenhof bipụtara mgbe e mesịrị na 1901. Kofman edeghị akwụkwọ nta ahụ n'uju, ma o nwere akwụkwọ e dere n'otu ụzọ ahụ Hillelism, nke òtù Esperanto dere; Zamenhof chọrọ iji Esperanto dị ka "asụsụ nghọta" n'asụsụ a.[2][23] Kofman bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta ndị Juu kwere ka Zamenhof gbasaa akwụkwọ nta ahụ.[24] Ọ natara nzaghachi na-adịghị mma n'ozuzu ya, karịsịa site n'aka ndị Esperantists nke Poland na France.[6]
Nnakwere
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Kofman na-enweta ma nlebara anya nke ọma na nke na-adịghị mma. Ọtụtụ ndị nkọwa akpọwo ya "anye khoi tội", gụnyere Julio Baghy na Geoffrey Sutton. [1] [2] István Szerdahelyi [eo; hu] dere, sị: "Ọrụ eze kwesịrị ilebara anya site na saịtị nke ndị na-abịa". Gaston Waringhien katọrọ hexameter o kere [1] maka nsụgharị ya nke Iliad dị ka "ihe na-enweghị nkà", dị njọ karịa ọrụ Kálmán Kalocsay.[3] Na 1933 Enciklopedio nke Esperanto, Julio Baghy kọwara Kofman dị ka onye ntụgharị okwu ya,: [7]Templeeti:Text and translation
Mgbe Esperanto gasịrị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụ ezie na na 1894, Kofman bụ otu n'ime 157 Esperantists bụ ndị kwadoro mgbanwe na Esperanto site na Zamenhof, [1] na 1907, ọ gbanwere nkwado ya maka Esperanto gaa Ido: Ndị Yidists gbanwere 1894 iji kwado ịdị irè nke nzukọ ahụ. [2] Ha bụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke Nkwado Asûsû Enyemaka Mba Nile, nke yiri ka ndị Esperantists ga-esi gbanwee otu ahụ.[3] O mechara kwado Edgar de Wahl's Interlingue (Occidental), wee bụrụ onye dere akwụkwọ Russia-Occidental. [3] [4] Kofman tụgharịrị uri n'asụsụ Occidental; Nsụgharị nke saịtị Ivan Krylov nke Kofman pụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ International nke stenography (Occidental: Revúe internationale de stenographie). [5] Na 1979, István Szerdahelyi kpọrọ Kofman, "Ihe doro anya na ọ bấu sốn ya dere uri n'lạng ạọ [ịọ] e wuru".[29]
A maghị ụbọchị nke Kofman nwụrụ, ma ọ bụ n'afọ 1940. [1] Magazin asụsụ Occidental Cosmoglotta kwuru na ọ nwụrụ "tupu agha aw"; [1] A na-ekwu na ọ nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọelu na Bombay na 1940. [2][c]
Akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọrụ[8][20]
- Kofman (1896). Pri la verbigado en L. I. (in eo).
- Kofman (1910). Учебник международного языка Идо (in ru).
- Kofman (1910). Словарь международного языка Идо (in ru).
- Kofman (1925). Nova varianti di antiqua temo / La Libro pri Esther (in io). Stockholm: Per Ahlberg.
- Kofman, Abram (afọ a na-amaghị). Filino nke Iftah [nwa Jefta] (n'asụsụ Esperanto)
- - - - (afọ a na-amaghị). Malpli kaj Multpli [Ọtụtụ ihe na ọtụtụ ihe] (n'asụsụ Esperanto)
- ——— (1930). Criterie [Criteria] (n'asụsụ ọdịda anyanwụ)
- Homer (1895–97). Iliado (in eo). Nuremberg: W. Tümmel.
- von Goethe (1900). "La kanto de Margareto", Faust, Sinfonia magazine (in eo).
- Byron (1896). Kain, Mistero (in eo). Nuremberg: W. Tümmel.
- Heine (1897). Pentraĵoj el vojaĝo (in eo). Nuremberg: W. Tümmel.
- Beaumarchais (1898). Edziĝo de Figaro (in eo). Nuremberg: W. Tümmel.
- Stanchinskiy (1928). Lenin montras a ni la voyo (in io).
Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe edeturu
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Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Trunte (2021-01-01). "Gibt es eine Slavia Judaica?". Zeitschrift für Slavische Philologie 77 (1).
- ↑ Janton (22 March 2016). Esperanto: Language, Literature, and Community (in en). State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-0780-7. Retrieved on 5 November 2023.
- ↑ Lapenna (1974). Esperanto en perspektivo: faktoj kaj analizoj pri la internacia lingvo (in eo). Universala Esperanto-Asocio, Centro de Esploro kaj Dokumentado pri la Monda Lingvo-Problemo, 39, 49. OCLC 842344709.
- ↑ Kofman (December 1896). "Malfermita letero al esperantistoj de ĉiuj landoj". Lingvo Internacia (12): 230–231. Retrieved on 2 November 2023.
- ↑ Zamenhof (1963). in Auld: Fundamento de Esperanto: Naua eldono kun enkondukoj (in eo). Esperantaj francaj edlonoj.
- ↑ Żelazny (18 February 2022). "Próba rozwiązania kwestii żydowskiej przez Ludwika Zamenhofa". Sprawy Narodowościowe (38). DOI:10.11649/sn.2011.008. ISSN 2392-2427.
- ↑ Baghy (1933). "Koffman, A.", Enciklopedio de Esperanto. ISBN 978-1232959021.
- 1 2 Carlevaro. Bibliografio de Ido, 3rd (in io), 46, 86, 94. ISBN 978-88-87282-41-2.
- ↑ Sutton (2008). Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto, 1887-2007 (in en). Mondial, 38–39. ISBN 978-1-59569-090-6. Retrieved on 5 November 2023.
Ebe e si nweta ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Künzli (2010). L.L. Zamenhof (1859-1917): Esperanto, Hillelismus (Homaranismus) und die "jüdische Frage" in Ost- und Westeuropa (in de). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-06232-9. Retrieved on 5 November 2023.
- Szerdahelyi (1979). "Antoni Kofman", Krestomatio de esperanta literaturo: tekstoj, dataro, bibliografio (in eo). Budapest: Tankönyvkiadó, 373–378.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Delcourt (2000). Abraham S. Kofman: kolekto de poezioj: lia vivo (in eo). publisher unknown.