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Adeeb Abdul Rahman Yousif

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Adeeb Abdul Rahman Yousif

Adeeb Abdel Rahman Youssef (amụrụ c. 1975) bụ onye Sudan na-akwado ikike mmadụ na onye bụbu onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Site n'afọ 2003, o debere ihe akaebe nke arụrụala na Darfur obodo ya. Maka ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị ya, ndị ọchịchị Sudan tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ma taa ya ahụhụ. N'otu oge ọ kwagara United States ebe ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ wee mụọ na Mahadum George Mason. Mgbe mgbanwe ndị Sudan gasịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka gọvanọ Central Darfur site na 27 Julaị 2020 ruo mgbe ewepụrụ ya n'oge ọchịchị ndị Sudan 2021 na 25 Ọktọba 2021..

Ndụ mbụ na mbọ enyemaka

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A mụrụ Youssef ihe dịka 1975.[1] O sitere na agbụrụ Fur aristocratic. Nna ya nwere nwunye abụọ ma Youssef nwere ụmụnne 22.[2] Youssef toro na Juldo na ugwu Marrah, Darfur, Sudan.[3] N'April 2001 ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Sudan Social Development Organisation.[3] Ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ime obodo ma na-akwado mgbasa ozi obodo iji nweta ikike ya na gọọmentị.[4] Dị ka onye na-akwado ihe ruuru mmadụ, ọ kụrụ osisi ọgwụ ma nye aka wuo ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọgwụ.[2] Site n'afọ 2003 gawa, ọ gara n'obodo 339 dị na Darfur iji nweta ihe akaebe na-egosi na arụrụala arụrụala na mmegide ruuru mmadụ.[2] O zigara ndị Amnesty International foto ndị a. Ndị ọrụ nchekwa Sudan mechara nwee mmasị na ya.[2] A kpọchiri Youssef opekata mpe ugboro abụọ na Sudan. A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ọnwa anọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, mgbe ya na mmadụ itoolu ndị ọzọ na-ekerịta ọnụ ụlọ mkpọrọ. Ọ nọrọ ọnwa abụọ n'ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Kobar.[2][4] Ọ gbanarịkwa igbu mmadụ.[5] Na mbọ mbụ ọ gbara ịla United States, o jidere paspọtụ ya na ego ya.[1]

Na Septemba 2008 ọ gara New York City, United States, maka njem nkuzi.[1] O nwere olile anya ịlaghachi Sudan ngwa ngwa, mana ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba, gọọmentị Sudan yiri ezinụlọ ya egwu ma tụọ nwanne ya nwoke mkpọrọ iji jụọ ya ajụjụ banyere Adeeb. Youssef nọrọ oge n'etiti Manhattan, Brooklyn na New Jersey.[1] O mechara nọrọ na United States ruo afọ isii.[2] Ewezuga oge ya na New York, o mechara nọrọ oge na San Francisco.[3] N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2009, mgbe ụlọ ikpe mpụ mba ụwa boro onye isi ala Sudan Omar al-Bashir ebubo, Youssef kwuru na "Ọ bụ ụbọchị obi ụtọ maka Darfur ọ bụla".[1] Al-Bashir mechara chụpụ Sudan Social Development Organization ya na Sudan.[1] Na June 2009 Youssef kwuru na a tara ya ahụhụ ọnwa iri na otu na Darfur mgbe ọ kpughere arụrụala e mere megide ndị isi ojii Africa nọ n'ógbè ahụ.[4] N'afọ 2018 Youssef nwetara Ph.D. site na Jimmy na Rosalynn Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution na Mahadum George Mason. [5][6]

Youssef bụ otu n'ime ndị mmepe nke Darfur Emergency Response Operation, nke na-enyere aka na mmemme maka ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ (IDP).[7] Youssef jere ozi dị ka onye isi njikwa nke Darfur Reconciliation and Development Organization . [5]

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2009, Youssef efunahụla ndị ezinụlọ 33 na esemokwu ahụ na Darfur, gụnyere nne nne ya onye ọ hụrụ ka ọkụ gbara n'obodo ya. Ndị Janjaweed gburu otu n'ime ezigbo ndị enyi ya.[1]

Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

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Na 27 Julaị 2020 Yousef ṅụrụ iyi dịka Gọvanọ Central Darfur n'ihu Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. Ịṅụ iyi ya kwekọrọ na nke ndị gọvanọ 17 ndị ọzọ.[1] N'August 2020 ọ gara n'ili agha na Darfur.[2] Na 19 Ọktoba 2020 Youssef zutere Fatou Bensouda, onye ọka iwu nke International Criminal Court, na Corinthia Hotel Khartoum iji kparịta nyocha nke ụlọ ikpe mba ụwa na Darfur na ọkachasị okwu Ali Kushayb nke ihe omume ahụ mere na Central Darfur. Youssef kwuru na ebe a na-enwe nzukọ, Sudan kama The Hague ma ọ bụ New York, bụ mmeri nye ndị ihe metụtara.[2] N'ime ọnwa Nọvemba 2020 Youssef kwuputara mkpọsa maka ịchụpụ Central Darfur.[3] Na 31 Disemba 2020 Youssef zutere Anita Kiki Gbeho, onye osote onye nnọchi anya nnọchite anya pụrụiche nke United Nations – African Union Mission na Darfur (UNAMID), iji kparịta mbelata nke ozi a..[8]

Na Jenụwarị 2021, a kọrọ na Youssef kwụrụ pound Sudanese 170,000 iji zere mwakpo sitere n'aka ndị Arab 200 na ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Hamidiya dị nso na Zalingei.[9] N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2021, Youssef katọrọ nhọpụta Minni Minnawi dị ka Gọvanọ mpaghara Darfur site n'aka Praịm Minista Sudan Abdalla Hamdok, na-akpọ ya mkpebi ngwa ngwa, nke chọrọ ndụmọdụ. Ọ tụrụ egwu na nhọpụta ahụ ga-eme ka mkparịta ụka udo ya na Abdul Wahid al Nur sie ike.[10] N'otu ọnwa ahụ, ọ nabatara inyefe isi ụlọ ọrụ UNAMID na Zalingei n'aha steeti Sudan.[11] N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2021, ọ mara ọkwa nchọpụta nke ili mmadụ atọ na Central Darfur, nke nwere ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ iri asaa na isii.[12] N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2021, ya na otu ndị ọkachamara na-akọ akụkọ na United Nations Security Council, o gosipụtara na mpaghara anọ dị nso n'ókè Chad na Central African Republic, enwere esemokwu nke dugara na mwakpo n'etiti Sudan na Chad. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ kwadoro òtù ndị mmegide nke Chad.[13] N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2021, ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Mahadum Zalingei mere ngagharị iwe n'ebe UNAMID dịbu, ka ha na-anwa imeghe ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị ndị ndị uwe ojii gbara ha égbè. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe wee gaa n'ọfịs gọọmentị Central Darfur ebe ha nwere olileanya ịgwa Youssef okwu, onye a na-ekwu na ọ jụrụ. A gbagburu ha ọzọ, gbuo otu nwa akwụkwọ.[14]

N'oge nnupụisi ọchịchị nke Sudan na 2021 nke 25 Ọktoba Abdel Fattah al-Burhan chụpụrụ ndị gọvanọ nke steeti Sudan. [15][16] Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2021, a chụpụrụ Youssef n'ọkwa ya.[17] Saad Adam Babiker nọchiri Youssef, a chụpụrụ ya n'onwe ya na Nọvemba 2023.[18]

Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị

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N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, Youssef na Mohamed Hassan Al-Taishi, onye bụbu onye otu Transitional Sovereignty Council, na Minista Ikpe Ziri Ezi a chụpụrụ, Nasredeen Abdulbari gwara ndị nnọchi anya Europe na Sudan okwu banyere usoro a ga-eme iji weghachite ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.[17]

N'ọnwa Julaị 2022, mgbe ọ na-ekwu maka ọnwụ a kọrọ na mmadụ 168 nọ na Darfur, Youssef kwuru na: "ime ihe ike ahụ bụ nsonaazụ nke esemokwu obodo nke a na-edozighị na nkwekọrịta udo niile gara aga".[19]

Na Mee 2023, na-agwa NPR okwu, Youssef kwuru na a na-eme ka ndị ahụ merụrụ ahụ na Darfur dịghachi mma. Ọ na-atụkwa egwu na ịlụ ọgụ na Sudan ga-eduga na mmetụta na-emerụ ahụ n'ọrụ ugbo na ikekwe ụnwụ nri.[20] Na Septemba 2023, na-ekwu maka ọnọdụ dị na Sudan, o kwuru na ọpụpụ nke òtù mba ụwa na-eduga n'ịkawanye ọgụ. Ọ rụrụ ụka maka mmachibido iwu mba ụwa, megide òtù ndị na-alụ ọgụ na mba ndị kwadoro ha.[21] Youssef hapụrụ Darfur na Nọvemba 2023, mana o kwere nkwa ịlaghachi iji maliteghachi inye enyemaka.[22] N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2023, o kwuru na esemokwu dị na Sudan bụ nke agbụrụ karịa nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-eme omume mgbukpọ agbụrụ nakwa na mmetụta ya dị njọ karịa agha gara agha na Darfur na ọnọdụ ndị ọrụ ebere na-ata ahụhụ n'ihi enweghị enyemaka mba ọzọ.[23]

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Lapowsky (May 2009). A Place Called Home. The Brooklyn Rail. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "lapowsky" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ Exiles return to rebuild post-Bashir Sudan. france24.com (26 September 2020). Archived from the original on 2 December 2021.
  3. ↑ Lipin (29 December 2011). Sudanese Chief of Arab Observers in Syria Slammed by Rights Groups. Voice of America. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023.
  4. ↑ Caparella (29 June 2009). Alerting the world to the horrors of Darfur. Retrieved on 10 December 2003.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Adeeb Yousif. beyondintractability.org (31 May 2016). Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "bi" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ Rothbart (2019). State Domination and the Psycho-Politics of Conflict: Power, Conflict and Humiliation, Routledge Studies in Peace and Conflict Resolution. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-429-77731-8. Retrieved on 10 December 2023. 
  7. ↑ Irvin-Erickson (2016). Violence, Religion, Peacemaking, Interreligious Studies in Theory and Practice (in da). Palgrave Macmillan US. ISBN 978-1-137-56851-9. Retrieved on 10 December 2023. 
  8. ↑ UNAMID DJSR meets with Governor of Central Darfur. United Nations Peacekeeping (31 December 2020). Archived from the original on 24 June 2023.
  9. ↑ Delays and Dilemmas: New Violence in Darfur and Uncertain Justice Efforts within Sudan's Fragile Transition. Fact-finding mission report. International Federation for Human Rights, African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (November 2021). Archived from the original on 13 October 2023.
  10. ↑ Central Darfur governor criticizes Minnawi's appointment. Sudan Tribune (3 May 2021). Retrieved on 10 December 2023.
  11. ↑ UNAMID hands over its headquarters in Central Darfur. reliefweb.int (7 May 2021). Archived from the original on 10 January 2022.
  12. ↑ Central Darfur Wali: 76 bodies and counting as mass graves await exhumation. Radio Dabanga (5 July 2021). Archived from the original on 16 August 2022.
  13. ↑ Letter dated 24 January 2022 from the Panel of Experts on the Sudan addressed to the President of the Security Council. United Nations Security Council (24 January 2022). Archived from the original on 16 October 2023.
  14. ↑ 2021-08-31 University of Zalingei. Scholars at Risk (31 August 2021). Archived from the original on 30 May 2023.
  15. ↑ Fernandez. In Sudan, the Masks Come Off After a Military Coup. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023.
  16. ↑ Bashir's NCP returns to power in Sudan after recent coup: PCP. Sudan Tribune (7 November 2021). Archived from the original on 30 November 2021.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Sudan PM Abdalla Hamdok to lead government after deal: mediators (21 November 2021). Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "east" defined multiple times with different content
  18. ↑ Citizens react to sacking of Central Darfur Governor. Radio Tamazuj (25 November 2023). Archived from the original on 10 December 2023.
  19. ↑ Darfur: 'The situation is right for conflict and for peace'. BBC (25 April 2022). Archived from the original on 25 April 2022.
  20. ↑ Bartlett (10 June 2023). Sudan's fighting risks reigniting war in Darfur, a site of atrocities 20 years ago. NPR. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023.
  21. ↑ van Gelder (22 September 2023). Sudanese aartsvijanden willen praten, internationale gemeenschap wacht af (ml). Nederlandse Omroep Stichting. Retrieved on 10 December 2023.
  22. ↑ Wat er gebeurt in Sudan 'grenst aan puur kwaad', maar wereld grijpt niet in (nl). Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (3 December 2023). Archived from the original on 4 December 2023.
  23. ↑ Fadel (9 November 2023). International efforts to end the war in Sudan have waned. wmfe.org. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023.
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