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Adriana Hoffmann

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Adriana Hoffmann
Hoffmann na 1991
A mụrụ ya
Adriana Elisabeth Hoffmann Jacoby
(1940-01-29) 29 Jenụwarị 1940
Santiago, Chile


Nwụrụ 20 Machị 2022 (2022-03-20) (afọ 82)  
Aha ndị ọzọ  Adriana Hoffmann Jacoby
Alma mater  Mahadum nke Chile
A maara ya maka  Nkọwapụta ụdị cactus 106.
Ọrụ sayensị
Ubi Botany, gburugburu ebe obibi
Ụlọ ọrụ Ndị na-echebe Ọhịa Chile
Onye edemede dị mkpirikpi. (ihe ọkụkụ) <span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span> A.E.Hoffm.

Adriana Elisabeth Hoffmann Jacoby (29 Jenụarị 1940 - 20 Maachị 2022) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ nke Chile, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye edemede. Ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke National Environment Commission nke Chile (Spanish: Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente, CONAMA) site na 2000 ruo 2001. Ọ kwadoro maka nlekọta na-adịgide adịgide na nchebe nke ọhịa Chile, na-eduga n'ịgba osisi iwu na-akwadoghị na ọrụ ya dị ka onye nhazi nke Defensores del Bosque Chileno (Ndị na-agbachitere Chile9) kemgbe 1992.

Hoffmann dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri na abuo banyere ahịhịa ndụ nke Chile, yana aha 106 botanical, nke ka ukwuu n'ụdị realignments nke ụdị na infraspecific taxa nke cactus..[1]

Akụkọ ndụ

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A amụrụ Adriana Hoffmann na Santiago na Lola (née Jacoby) na Franz Hoffmann na 1940. [2] Ọ tolitere na Providencia ma gaa Liceo Manuel de Salas . [2] A nabatara ya na Mahadum nke Chile ebe ọ gụrụ agronomy na mbụ.[2] Ọ sonyeere nne ya mgbe ọ gara Germany iji mụọ usoro ọrịa uche ma n'ebe ahụ Adriana gbanwere uche ya na nkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ ma bụrụ ọkachamara na botany na gburugburu ebe obibi.[3] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ya, ọ laghachiri Chile wee lụọ onye injinia Hernán Calderón.[3]

Site n'ọrụ ya, Hoffmann gara Chile niile, na-edekọ ihe ọkụkụ ma na-akọwa ụdị osisi.[1] Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, ọ chọpụtara ma kewaa ụdị cactus ọhụrụ 106.[4]

N'afọ 1992, Hoffmann ghọrọ onye nhazi nke otu na-enweghị uru Defensores del Bosque Chileno, otu nchekwa ọhịa kachasị na Chile.[5] O guzobere Agrupación de Defensores del Bosque Nativo na 1994, otu ndị guzobere ya gụnyere ndị na-agụ egwú na ndị na-ede uri a ma ama yana onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba Manfred Max Neef na Bishop Bernardino Piñera . Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti 1990s, a ghọtara Hoffmann dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi nke Chile.

Hoffmann jere ozi na bọọdụ nke Lahuen Foundation, otu nchekwa ọhịa nke guzobere El Cañi Sanctuary . [6][7] Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị mkpa na Chilean Science Society, Biology Society of Chile, Earth Foundation, International Union for Conservation of Nature, na Association of Chilean Female Leaders . [7] Mgbalị Hoffmann na Defensores del Bosque gụnyere ịmepụta mmemme agụmakwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi maka ndị nkuzi.[8]

Onye isi ala Ricardo Lagos họpụtara Hoffmann na Maachị 2000 ka ọ bụrụ onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke National Environment Commission, [3]Michelini. "El retiro de Adriana Hoffmann", El Mercurio, 10 December 2013. (in Spanish)Michelini, Pilar Navarrete (10 December 2013). "El retiro de Adriana Hoffmann". El Mercurio (in Spanish).</ref> onye bu ụzọ na Ministry for the Environment nke Chile. N'oge ọ nọ n'ọkwa, ọ lekọtara ịmepụta netwọk njem nleta nke mba Sendero de Chile, melite System of Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA), ma rụọ ọrụ iji mejuputa mmemme agụmakwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi ma melite ikuku na Santiago.[9] N'oge ọ nọ n'ọchịchị, ọ zutere nkatọ site n'aka ndị na-azụ ahịa maka nguzo ya na gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi maka enweghị mmetụta n'ime nchịkwa.[10] N'ịgbaso nkwenye esemokwu nke petcoke maka ndị na-emepụta gas n'ihi mmegide ya, Hoffmann gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2001, na-ekwu na ọ naghịzi eche na Lagos ma ọ bụ ndị Minista kwadoro ya. [11][5] Ọ laghachiri ịrụ ọrụ na Defensores del Bosque ma kwadebe maka ịla ezumike nká.

Hoffmann nwụrụ na 20 Machị 2022.[12][13]

Nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi

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N'oge ọchịchị aka ike nke Pinochet, gọọmentị nyere ụlọ ọrụ osisi dị iche iche ohere ịbanye n'oké ọhịa Chile na enweghị mkpali iji hazie osisi na obodo.Hoffmann kwuru na oké ọhịa ndị na-apụ n'anya na-apụ apụ ngwa ngwa na-abụkarị ndị a lara n'iyi site na mbupụ nke osisi. N'otu edemede nke afọ 1995 o kwuru, sị: "Anyị ejirila anya anyị hụ otú [ụlọ ọrụ osisi] si ewere nnukwu osisi ma gbutuo ihe niile, alaka na ihe niile. " Malite na itinye aka na Defensores del Bosque, Hoffmann mere mkpesa maka mgbanwe nke omume ọhịa Chilean. Ọ bụ onye na-ekwuchitere maka Nlekọta ọhịa na-adịgide adịgide na mba ahụ, na-arụ ụka na njem nleta na ngwaahịa ndị bara uru dị ka oche na-eduga n'inweta ego ogologo oge.

Hoffmann dere kọlụm banyere gburugburu ebe obibi maka El Mercury n'afọ ndị 1990 [14]ma megidekwa nkwekọrịta azụmahịa n'efu nke ga-eji osisi osisi azụmahịa dochie oke ọhịa. Ọ katọrọ gọọmentị Chile maka ịghara ịnabata iwu ọhịa.

Hoffmann nwere enyi onye ọchụnta ego America na onye nchekwa nchekwa Douglas Tompkins, onye nyere ego maka Defensores del Bosque.[1] Ọ gbachitere mbọ ya iji guzobe ebe nchekwa ihe dị 1,200 acre na mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Chile.[15] Ọ gbachitere mbọ ya iji guzobe ebe nchekwa okike 1,200-acre na Chilean Lake District.[15] The New York Times kọrọ na o kwuru, sị: "Ọ bụrụ na itinye ego a bụ ebe ọ bụla ọzọ ma e wezụga Chile, a ga-ewere Maazị Tompkins dị ka dike. Mana ọ mere na Chile, ebe ekworo na ekworo na ọdịmma azụmahịa bụ ụlọ ọrụ. "[15]

Onyinye na nsọpụrụ

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Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu nabatara Hoffmann na 1997 dị ka otu n'ime mmadụ iri abụọ na ise na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime afọ iri maka mbọ ọ gbara ichekwa oke ọhịa Chile.[3][16] Maka nyocha ya banyere osisi Chilean na ọrụ ya na agụmakwụkwọ gburugburu ebe obibi, Hoffmann natara Luis Oyarzún Award site na Mahadum Austral nke Chile na 2003.[5]Con motivo de 49 Aniversario: Universidad Austral de Chile Entregará "Premio Luis Oyarzún" a Adriana Hoffmann (Spanish). Noticias UACh (2 September 2003). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved on 11 January 2014."Con motivo de 49 Aniversario: Universidad Austral de Chile Entregará "Premio Luis Oyarzún" a Adriana Hoffmann" (in Spanish). Noticias UACh. 2 September 2003. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2014.</ref> Ọ natara onyinye Fellow site na Cactus na Succulent Society of America na 2009.[17]

Hoffmann jere ozi na kọmitii ikpe maka onyinye Sasakawa nke United Nations Environment Programme.[18]

Ọrụ

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Hoffmann dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri na abụọ ma gosipụta akwụkwọ nduzi n'ọhịa, osisi ọgwụ na ihe ọkụkụ nke Chile.[19] Otu n'ime ọrụ ya bụ La Tragedia del Bosque Chileno, nke gụnyere ederede na foto ndị na-edekọ ịkwa osisi n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị n'ọhịa Chilean.[20]

Akwụkwọ
Akwụkwọ
  • Hoffmann J. (1978). Flora silvestre de Chile / zona central : una guía para la identificación de las especies vegetales más frecuentes. Santiago: Fundación Claudio Gay. OCLC 503242201. 
  • Hoffmann J., Adriana E. (1982). Flora silvestre de Chile / zona austral : Una guía ilustrada para la identificación de las especies de plantas leñosas del sur de Chile.. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Fundacion Claudio Gay. OCLC 715468373. 
  • Hoffmann (1988). Plantas medicinales de uso comun en Chile T. 1. Santiago, Chile: Paesmi. OCLC 831403901. 
  • Hoffmann J. (1989). Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile : una guía para la identificación de los cactos que crecen en el país. Santiaga de Chile: Ed. Fundacion Claudio Gay. OCLC 716491772. 
  • Hoffmann J. (1990). De cómo Margarita Flores puede cuidar su salud y ayudar a salvar el planeta. Santiago: Casa de Paz. OCLC 31970038. 
  • Hoffmann J. (1992). Vegetación y flora de la alta cordillera de Santiago. Santiago: Cía. Minera La Disputada de Las Condes. OCLC 55302269. 
  • Hoffmann J. (1997). Ecología e historia natural de la zona central de Chile. Santiago: Defensores del Bosque Chileno. ISBN 9789567721016. 
  • Hoffmann J. (1998). Plantas Altoandinas en la flora silvestre de Chile. Santiago: Ed. Fundación Claudio Gay. ISBN 9789567743001. 
  • Hoffmann J. (1983). El árbol urbano en Chile. Ediciones Fundación Claudio Gay. OCLC 10967952. 
  • Hoffmann J. (1998). La Tragedia del Bosque Chileno. Santiago, Chile: Ocho Libros Editores. ISBN 9789567721108. 
  • Hoffmann J. (2000). Enciclopedia de los bosques chilenos : conservación, biodiversidad, sustentabilidad. Santiago, Chile: Defensores del Bosque Chileno. ISBN 9789567721238. 
  • Hoffmann J. (2001). Plantar, plantar, plantar : manual de reproducción y plantación de flora nativa chilena. Santiago de Chile: Defensores del bosque Chileno. ISBN 9789567721351. 

Hụkwa

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  • Claudio Donoso
  • Iwu Ọhịa Obodo
  • Edmundo Pisano
  • Jurgen Rottmann
  • Carolina Villagrán

Edemsibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 (2009) Environment Encyclopedia and Directory 2010, 5th, London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85743-377-7. Environment Encyclopedia and Directory 2010 (5th ed.). London: Routledge. 2009. p. 565. ISBN 978-1-85743-377-7.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 (2013) "Adriana Hoffmann", in Monsalve, Felipe: Homeostasis: Un Continuo Movimiento de Adaptacion (in Spanish). Random House Mondadori. ISBN 9789562583923. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Michelini. "El retiro de Adriana Hoffmann", El Mercurio, 10 December 2013. (in Spanish)
  4. ↑ Wakild (February 2013). "Environmental Justice, Environmentalism, and Environmental History in Twentieth-Century Latin America". History Compass 11 (2). DOI:10.1111/hic3.12027. Retrieved on 11 January 2014. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Con motivo de 49 Aniversario: Universidad Austral de Chile Entregará "Premio Luis Oyarzún" a Adriana Hoffmann (Spanish). Noticias UACh (2 September 2003). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved on 11 January 2014. (in Spanish). Noticias UACh. 2 September 2003. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  6. ↑ El Cañi Sanctuary. The Conservation Land Trust. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved on 9 January 2014.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 (2003) "Hoffmann, Adriana", The International Who's Who 2004, 67th, London: Europa. ISBN 978-1-85743-217-6. “Adriana Hoffmann.” 
  8. ↑ Moreira. "Profesores Aprenden a Proteger la Naturaleza", El Mercurio, 27 August 1999.
  9. ↑ "Adriana Hoffmann renunció a la dirección de la Conama", Emol.com, 16 October 2001. Retrieved on 11 January 2014.
  10. ↑ Checa. "Adriana Hoffmann dice que la lucha contra el cuoteo político fue mortal", El Mercurio, 18 April 2002. (in Spanish)
  11. ↑ "CONAMA Director Hoffmann Facing Severe Criticism", The Santiago Times, 4 October 2001. Retrieved on 11 January 2014.
  12. ↑ "A los 82 años falleció Adriana Hoffmann, la botánica reconocida como gran defensora de los bosques en Chile", CNN Chile, 20 March 2022. Retrieved on 22 March 2022. (in es)
  13. ↑ Langman (21 March 2022). "Adriana Hoffmann, pioneering Chilean environmental leader and botanist, dies". Retrieved on 22 March 2022. 
  14. ↑ Hanning. El legado ecológico de Adriana Hoffmann (Spanish). Ciudad Zen. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved on 10 January 2014.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Spooner (2011). The General's Slow Retreat: Chile After Pinochet. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26680-3. 
  16. ↑ Perera. "He Saves the Rain Forest by Buying It", Los Angeles Times, 16 March 1997. Retrieved on 11 January 2014.
  17. ↑ Staples (25 June 2012). CSSA Fellows. Cactus and Succulent Society of America. Archived from the original on 29 December 2013.
  18. ↑ A Renctas Na Mídia. Four of a Kind – Part 2. BBC (15 May 2005). Archived from the original on 11 January 2014.
  19. ↑ Purto. "El legado de Adriana Hoffmann", El Mercurio, 26 July 2008. (in Spanish)
  20. ↑ Aguirre. "Ecología", El Mercurio, 28 August 1999.

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