Ahụike uche nwa ọhụrụ
ahụike uche nwa ọhụrụ bụ amụmamụ nke ahụike uche ebe o metụtara ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, ụmụaka, na ndị ezinụlọ ha. Ngalaba a na-enyocha mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mmetụta uche nke ụmụ ọhụrụ na ndị ezinụlọ ha n'ime afọ atọ mbụ nke ndụ. A pụkwara iwere mmepe mmata ihe na nke nkà mmegharị ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke ahụike uche nwa ọhụrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịhụta mmasị na ndụ uche nke ụmụ ọhụrụ n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mbụ ha na ọrụ Anna Freud, John Bowlby, na Donald Winnicott na Great Britain, ahụike uche ụmụ ọhụrụ dị ka mmegharị nke iwu ahụike ọha na eze, nchọcha nke ahụmahụ (ya bụ, ile nwata anya), na mgbanwe na ọrụ ahụike yiri nke ụmụ nwanyị na mmụba nke mmata na nsonaazụ nke mmetọ ụmụaka na nleghara anya n'oge 1960s na 1970s. E nyochala akwụkwọ agụmagụ nke pụtara kemgbe mmalite nke ngalba a n'ọtụtụ ederede dị mkpa. Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke nnyocha na ọgwụgwọ ahụike uche ụmụaka gụnyere ịtụle ma ọ dịkarịa ala ndị ọrịa atọ: nne na nna, nwa, na mmekọrịta ha, ka ha na-eburu n'uche mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụbụrụ na uche n'afọ ndị mbụ nke ndụ. [1][2]
Nhiwe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ụwa niile, otu World Association for Infant Mental Health bụ (WAIMH) bụ aha ịchafụ na ndị mmekọ ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndozi nchegbu ahụike uche ụmụaka, ma na-arụ ọrụ gbasara nnyocha sayensị na nke ahụike na-aga n'ihu banyere uto nwa ọhụrụ na mmetụta ya na mmepe mgbe e mesịrị. otu WAIMH na-ahazi nzukọ ụwa n'ime afọ ole na ole.
Na mba United States, nhiwe dịka nke Zero to Three: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa na nnyocha na nkwado maka ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ na ụmụ ntakịrị. Zero to Three bụ ha na-ahụ maka ikepụta Diagnostic Classification: 0-3 (DC:0-3), mbipute e degharịrị (DC: 0-3R), na 2016 DC:0-5 nke na-enye ndị ọkachamara na ahụike uche ohere inye nchọpụta ahụike uche nye ụmụ ọhụrụ, ụmụaka, na mmekọrịta ha na ndị na-elekọta ha mgbe nhụjuanya na enweghikwa agamnihu ruru ọkwa na-egosi ọrịa uche nke kwesiri nlebanya. Ma Zero to Three na WAIMH na-arụtụ aka na nyocha nke na-akwado nyocha na ọgwụgwọ nke nsogbu uche n'ime ụmụaka na-enweghị okwu. Ọtụtụ steeti nwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụike uche ụmụaka jikọtara ya na WAIMH na Zero to Three.
Òtù ndị a na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ Jonal, ma na-ahazi nzukọ na mmemme ọzụzụ nye ndị na-arụ ọrụ metụtara ụmụaka na ezinụlọ ha.
Akwụkwọ akụkọ "Infant Mental Health Journal" bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Wiley bipụtara ma bụrụ nke otu ndị Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health nwe.
Ahụike nke uche ụmụaka na-egosipụtakarị omume mkpachapụ anya nke malitere n'ọrụ Selma Fraiberg na edemede ya bụ "Ghosts in the Nursery" n'etiti ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. Ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike uche ụmụaka na-enye ndị nne na nna, ndị nne na ụmụaka, na ndị ọzọ na-elekọta ha ohere inwe mmekọrịta.[3] A na-enye nkwado na nlekọta ahụike uche mgbe egosiri ya iji nyere ndị nne na nna aka iso ụmụ ha na ụmụ ha na-eto eto na-emekọrịta ihe nke ọma ma nye ha ohere ịghọtakwu ihe ndị a na-edozighị site n'oge gara aga iji nwekwuo mmetụta uche ha. Otu isi ebumnuche nke itinye aka na ahụike uche nwa ọhụrụ bụ inweta mmekọrịta juru afọ n'etiti nne na nna na nwa ọhụrụ / nwa ọhụrụ yana nchebe dị ukwuu.[4]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Echiche nke njikọ
- Mmegbu ụmụaka
- Mmekọahụ ụmụaka
- Ahụike ụmụaka
Edensibịa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Clinton (2016). "The importance of infant mental health". Paediatrics & Child Health 21 (5): 239–241. DOI:10.1093/pch/21.5.239. ISSN 1205-7088. PMID 27441014.
- ↑ Street. Making it Happen: Overcoming Barriers to Providing Infant-Early Childhood Mental Health. ZERO TO THREE. Retrieved on 2019-11-20.
- ↑ Williams (August 2019). "Relationships matter: How clinicians can support positive parenting in the early years". Paediatrics & Child Health 24 (5): 340–357. DOI:10.1093/pch/pxz063. ISSN 1205-7088. PMID 31379438.
- ↑ Punamäki (2017). "Family systems approach to attachment relations, war trauma, and mental health among Palestinian children and parents". European Journal of Psychotraumatology 8 (Suppl 7): 1439649. DOI:10.1080/20008198.2018.1439649. ISSN 2000-8066. PMID 29844884.