Gaa na ọdịnaya

Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (20 Disemba 2001)

Wikipedia, encyclopedia dị n'ịntanetị n'efu nke òtù ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo a maara dị ka Ndị Wikipedia na-ede ma na-elekọta, jiri ndezi mbụ ya malite na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, ụbọchị abụọ mgbe edebachara aha ngalaba ahụ.[1] Ọ malitere dịka Nupedia, encyclopedia dị n'efu nke ahaziri ahazi karị, dị ka ụzọ isi nye ohere ide edemede na mee nsụgharị n'ụzọ ka dị mfe ma dị ngwa.

Ihe ndabere teknụzụ na echiche nke Wikipedia bu nke a ụzọ; Rick Gates mere atụmatụ mbụ a maara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'afọ 1993, [2] na echiche nke encyclopedia ịntanetị n'efu (dị ka dị iche na naanị isi iyi mepere emepe) [3] bụ nke Richard Stallman chepụtara na 1998.[4]

Echiche Stallman gụnyere kpọmkwem echiche na ọ dịghị nzukọ dị n'etiti kwesịrị ịchịkwa nhazi. Nke a dị iche na encyclopedia dijitalụ nke oge a dị ka Microsoft Encarta na Encyclopædia Britannica. N'afọ 2001, a gbanwere akwụkwọ ikikere maka Nupedia ka ọ bụrụ GFDL, meziri ka Jimmy Wales na Larry Sanger malite Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ ga-anọchi ya, na-eji wiki n'ịntanetị dị ka ngwá ọrụ nchịkọta.[5]

Ọ bụ ezie na e cheburu Wikipedia na mbụ dị ka ebe a ga na-edetu edemede na echiche ndị a ga-achọ ibipụta na Nupedia, ọ gafere onye bu ya ụzọ ngwa ngwa, na-aghọ ma oghere ndetu ederede nwa mgbe nakwa ọ̀bà maka edemede ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ọtụtụ narị asụsụ, na-akpali ọtụtụ ọrụ ntanetị ndị ọzọ.

N'afọ 2014, Wikipedia nwere ihe dịka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-agụ ya kwa ọnwa. [6] Na 2015, dị ka comScore si kwuo, Wikipedia natara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ otu narị na iri na ise na-eleta ya kwa ọnwa site na United States naanị. [7] Na Septemba 2018, ọrụ Wikipedia hụrụ ndị nkiri peeji ya dị ijeri iri na ise na ọkara kwa ọnwa.[8]

Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga

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Echiche nke ịchịkọta ihe ọmụma ụwa niile n'otu ebe malitere na Ọbá Akwụkwọ oge ochie nke Alexandria na Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ nke Pergamum, e nwekwara ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ochie cheta echiche inwe encyclopedia zuru oke, dị ka Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia, mana echiche nke oge a nke encyclopedic zuru oke, nke a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe, nke e biri ebi sitere na Denis Diderot na ndị encyclopedists French nke narị afọ nke iri na asatọ.[9] Echiche nke iji ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya karịa ígwè obibi akwụkwọ iji wuo encyclopedia bara uru karị ka e nwere ike ịchọta mmalite ya site na akwụkwọ Paul Otlet nke afọ 1934 bụ Traité de Documentation . Otlet guzobekwara Mundaneum, ụlọ ọrụ raara onwe ya nye ndepụta nke ihe ọmụma ụwa, na 1910. Echiche a nke encyclopedia nke ígwè na-enyere aka ka H. G. Wells gbasakwuru n'akwụkwọ ederede ya bụ World Brain (1938) na ọhụụ Vannevar Bush n'ọdịnihu nke Memex dabeere na microfilm na edemede ya "As We May Think" (1945). Ihe ọzọ dị ịrịba ama bụ atụmatụ hypertext nke Ted Nelson Project Xanadu, nke malitere na 1960. [10] Edemede ahụ na-ekwusi ike na a na-ekesa ozi ekesa n'ọtụtụ aka dị iche iche - na onye ọ bụla maara naanị obere akụkụ nke ihe a maara n'ozuzu - na n'ihi ya, ndị nwere ihe ọmụma mpaghara na-eme mkpebi kachasị mma, karịa site na ikike etiti. N'oge ahụ, Wales na-amụ maka ego ma nwee mmasị na mkpali nke ọtụtụ ndị nyere aka dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo iji mepụta ngwanrọ dị n'efu, ebe ọtụtụ ihe atụ na-enwe ezigbo nsonaazụ. Dị ka The Economist si kwuo, Wikipedia "nwere mgbọrọgwụ ya na nchekwube teknụzụ nke gosipụtara ịntanetị na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ. O kwenyere na ndị nkịtị nwere ike iji kọmputa ha dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka nnwere onwe, agụmakwụkwọ, na nghọta. "[11]

Nhazi nke echiche ahụ

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E bu ụzọ chepụta Wikipedia dị ka ọrụ enyemaka ebe a ga na-esi enweta ihe ndị ga-adị na Nupedia nke Wales guzobere, ọrụ mbụ o guzobere iji mepụta encyclopedia n'ịntanetị n'efu, nke Bomis bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ nke Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell na Michael E. Davis nwere wepụtara n'efu.[12][13] E guzobere Nupedia n'ụdị na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tozuru etozu ga na-eji ya yana usoro nnyocha nke ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ. N'agbanyeghị ndepụta ozi ya nke ihe karịrị ndị ndezi dị puku abụọ nwere mmasị, na ọnụnọ nke Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ oge niile, mmepụta nke ọdịnaya maka Nupedia dị nnọọ nwayọ, naanị isiokwu iri na abụọ edere n'ime afọ mbụ.[14][13]

Ndị odee Nupedia tụrụ uche maka ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị ha ga-esi kepụta ndịnaya n'ebe ọ dị ọsịịsọ.[12] E werebuolarị Wiki n'ebe ọzọ na weebụ iji hazie ihe ọmụma,[15] ya mere na echiche nke iji nkwado maọbụ enyemaka dabeere na wiki nye Nupedia nwetara ihi aja n'ukwu site na mkparịtaụka dị n'etiti Sanger na Ben Kovitz,[16][17][18] na ọzọkwa si n'etiti Wales na Jeremy Rosenfeld.[16] Kovitz bụụrụ onye na-arụ ọrụ nhazi ngwanro kọmputa ma bụrụ onye a na-ahụkarị na revolutionary wiki nke Ward Cunningham bụ "the WikiWikiWeb". Ọ kọwaara Sanger ihe wiki bụ, n'ebe ha na-eri nri abalị na 2 January 2001.[16][17][18] Wales kwuru n'Ọktoba 2001 na "Larry nwebu echiche iji ngwanro Wiki eme ihe" maka ndị usoro Nupedia na-atụ ngana,[19] ma mechaa kwuo na Disemba 2005 na Rosenfeld ebunyela ya uche gbasara wiki.[20] Sanger cheere na wiki ga-abụ ebe nrụọrụ dị mma, ma tụta arọ ya n'ọgbọ nzipụta ozi nke Nupedia ka e guzobe otu wiki nke dabeere na UseModWiki (nke bụ v. 0.90 mgbe ahụ) ka ọ bụrụ "ebe e si enweta ihe a ga-arụ" nye Nupedia. N'okpuru isiokwu bụ "K'anyị mee wiki", o dere:[21]

Wales guzobere otu ma tinye ya n'ịntanetị na Wednesday 10 Jenụwarị 2001, n'okpuru ngalaba Nupedia.com.[22] Nke a ghọrọ wiki ọhụrụ n'okpuru ngalaba wikipedia.com na Jenụwarị 15. Na 17 Jenụwarị, ọrụ GNUPedia nke Free Software Foundation (FSF) gara n'ịntanetị, na-enwe ike ịsọ mpi ya na Nupedia, mana n'ime afọ ole na ole FSF gbara ndị mmadụ ume "ịga ma nye aka na [Wikipedia]".[23][24]

Ntọala nke Wikipedia

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E nwere ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti ndị ndezi maka ijikọ Nupedia n'ebe o chiri anya yana ụdị ịrụ ọrụ Wiki.[13] Mgbe a malitecharaa Nupedia wiki n'okpuru nupedia.com na 10 Jenụwarị 2001,[25] Wales tụrụ aro inye ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ aha nke ya, Sanger e wee tụọ aro aha Wikipedia, na-asị na ọ bu ''ọrụ mgbakwunye nye Nupedia nke kwụụrụ onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ."[26] A malitere wiki ọhụrụ na wikipedia.com na Mọnde 15 Jenụwarị 2001. Isi ebe nrụọrụ ya na sava ya (nke dị na San Diego) nke e ji malite ọrụ ndị a na mbido bụ Bomis nyere ha n'efu. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụbu ọrụ na Bomis mechara na-eme ntinye na encyclopedia ahụ: nkekanke Tim Shell, onye so hiwe ma mechaa bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Bomis, na onye njikwa ngwanro Jason Richey.

iMac Jimmy Wales jiri mee ndezi mbụ na Wikipedia

Wales kwuru na Disemba 2008 na o mere ndezi mbụ nke Wikipedia, ndezi nnwale nke nwere ederede "Alo, Ụwa!", mana nke a nwere ike ịbụ na Wikipedia ochie nke e wepụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya ma jiri ịmalitegharị nke ọhụrụ dochie ya. Ndezigharị mbụ e nwetara na Wikipedia.com bụ na Ihu Mbụ ya na 15 Jenụwarị 2001, nke na-agụ "Nke a bụ WikiPedia ọhụrụ!"; enwere ike ịchọta ya ebe a. A mara ọkwa ịdị adị nke ọrụ ahụ n'ụzọ doro anya ma rịọ arịrịọ ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo tinye aka n'ịmepụta ọdịnaya na ndepụta nzipu Nupedia na 17 Jenụwarị 2001.[27]

Ọrụ ahụ nwetara ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ sonyere mgbe a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Slashdot na Julaị 2001, [28] ebe ọ nwetabururị obere ịkpọ aha ugboro abụọ na Maachị 2001.[29][30] Mgbe ahụ, ọ natara ihe ngosi a ma ama maka akụkọ dị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ teknụzụ na ọdịbendị nke obodo niile na-edezi Kuro5hin na 25 Julaị. [31] N'etiti nnubata nke ndị mmadụ a, e nweelarị ọtụtụ ndị na-abịa na ya na-aga n'ihu site n'ebe weebụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị Google, nke naanị ya zigara ọtụtụ narị ndị ọbịa ọhụrụ na saịtị ahụ kwa ụbọchị. Ihe mgbasa ozi mbụ ya bụ isi bụ na The New York Times na 20 Septemba 2001.[32]

Nkewa na Ịbanye mba ụwa Ndị Ọzọ

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Na mmalite Wikipedia, no bidoro gbasawa, na-aga mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwe nkepụta nke namespace ọhụrụ gasị, nke ọbụla n'ime usoro ndetu aha ndị ojieme dị iche na nke ibe ya. Nkega subdomain mbụ nke e kepụtara maka Wikipedia na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee bụ deutsche.wikipedia.com (nke e kere na Fraịdee 16 Maachị 2001, 01:38 UTC),[33] nke ihe sochiri ya ka awa ole na ole gasịrị bụ catalan.wikipedia.com (n'elekere 13:07 UTC).[34] Japanese Wikipedia, nke a malitere dịka nihongo.wikipedia.com, ka e kepụtakwara na gburugburu oge ahụ,[35][36] ma na-eji naanị Romanized Japanese mgbe ahụ. Ruo ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ Catalan bụ ya bụ nke kacha nwee ederede na-abụghị n'asụsụ bekee [37] n'agbanyeghị na ngụkọta nke mmalite oge ahụ adịchaghị kpọmkwem.

E mepụtara Wikipedia French na ma ọ bụ gburugburu 11 Mee 2001, n'oge nnubata nke ọtụtụ nsụgharị asụsụ ọhụrụ nke gụnyere Chinese, Dutch, Esperanto, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, na Swedish. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Arabic na Hungarian sonyeere asụsụ ndị a. [38][39] N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2001, otu ọkwa a mara kwere nkwa itinye aka na ndokwa asụsụ dị iche iche nke Wikipedia, na-agwa ndị ọrụ banyere nnupụta n'uju nke Wikipedia na-abịanụ n'asụsụ niile dị mkpa, nguzobe ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, na ịmanye ntụgharị nke isi peeji maka wiki ọhụrụ ndị ahụ. Na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe mbụ a malitere idepụta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ụwa, a mara ọkwa nsụgharị n'asụsụ Afrikaans, Norway, na Serbia.[40]

Na Jenụwarị 2002, pasent iri itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia nile dị n'asụsụ Bekee. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2004, ihe n'eruughị ọkara ya dị n'asụsụ Bekee, ịgazu mba ụwa ọnụ a na-agakwa n'ihu n'abawanye dịka encyclopedia a na-eto. As of 2014, ihe dịka pasent iri asatọ na ise nke ederede Wikipedia niile dị na nsụgharị ndị na-abụghị n'asụsụ Bekee.[41] As of 2023, English na Simple English Wikipedias nwere ederede dị nde asaa n'etiti ha mana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent ịrị itoolu nke ederede Wikipedia niile bụ ndịa-adịghị n'asụsụ Bekee.[42]

Mmepe nke Wikipedia

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Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (28 Septemba 2002)

N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2002, mgbe Bomis wepụrụ ego n'oge nkwụsịtụ dot-com, Sanger hapụrụ ma Nupedia na Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002, ya na Wales dị iche n'echiche ha banyere otu esi elekọta encyclopedias mepere emepe. Ha abụọ ka na-akwado echiche imekọ ihe ọnụ, mana ha ekwekọrịtaghị n'otú ha ga-esi jikwaa ndị editọ na-akpaghasị, ọrụ ụfọdụ maka ndị ọkachamara, na ụzọ kachasị mma iji duzie ọrụ ahụ gaa n'ihu.

Wales gara n'ihu guzobe ọchịchị onwe onye na ntụziaka onwe onye site na ndị dị ala ruo na ndị isi site n'aka ndị editọ na Wikipedia. O mere ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị etinye aka na njikwa kwa ụbọchị nke otu ndị ọrụ ahụ, mana ọ ga-agba ya ume ịmụta njikwa onwe ya ma chọta ụzọ kachasị mma nke ya. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Wales mere ka ọrụ ya jedebe mgbe ụfọdụ naanị na ntinye aka n'ihe ndị dị mkpa, ọrụ ndị isi, nkwado nke ihe ọmụma, na ịgba ume maka ọrụ ntụaka yiri ya.

Sanger kwuru na ọ bụ "onye na-agụnye" ma dịrị njikere ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọ bụla, [43] ma kwuo na ndị ọkachamara ka nwere ọnọdụ na ụwa Web 2.0. N'afọ 2006, o guzobere Citizendium, encyclopedia mepere emepe nke jiri ezigbo aha maka ndị na-eme ntinye na ya iji belata nhazi ọgba aghara, ma nwee olileanya ime ka "nlekọta ọkachamara dị nro" dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe ziri ezi bụrụ ọdịnaya ya. Mkpebi banyere ọdịnaya isiokwu ga-abụ otu ndị editọ ga-eme ya, mana saịtị ahụ ga-agụnye nkwupụta banyere "ihe dị mma gbasara ezinụlọ". [44] [45]

Ihe ndị dị na Wikipedia n'oge gara aga

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Isiokwu encyclopedia ochie, ọbụnakwa nke ochie na-adịghịzị bara uru nke ukwuu maka nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme.[46] Maka isiokwu Wikipedia ọ bụla, n swere ike inweta nụgharị nmaọbụ ddezi nị gara aga nite na njikọ "Vlee onye rụrụ ọrụ a n'ke na-adị nelu ibe ahụ. Akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru ezu nke isiokwu Wikipedia niile dịkwa maka nbudata dị ka data dumps, dị n'ụdị faịlụ XML.[47]

Na mgbakwunye, ZIM File Archive, [48] dị na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu gara aga nke Wikipedia niile yana nhọrọ isiokwu, dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike ijimanrọ Kiwix. meghee haN'etiti 20afọ 07 na 2011, a tọhapụrụ nsụgharị CD/DVD atọ (nke a na-akpọ Wikipedia Version 0.5, 0.7 na 0.8) nwere nhọrọ nke isiokwu ụfọdụ sitere na Wikipedia Bekee. Ha dị ka faịlụ Kiwix ZIM, ma site na ZIM File Archive [48] ma site na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kiwix. [49]

Mgbanwe nke akara ngosi

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Usoro Ka Ihe Si Na-Eme

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Afọ iri mbụ: 2000 ruo 2009

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2000

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The Bomis staff, summer 2000
Ndị ọrụ Bomis n'etiti afọ 2000

Na Machị 2000, a malitere ọrụ Nupedia. Ebumnuche ya bụ ibipụta isiokwu ndị ọkachamara dere nke a ga-enye ikikere dị ka ọdịnaya n'efu. Nupedia bụ nke Wales guzobere, ebe Sanger dị ka onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ, ma ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi weebụ Bomis kwadoro ya.

2001

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Na Jenụwarị 2001, Wikipedia malitere dị ka ọrụ dịniche 'akụkụ Nupedia, iji nye ohere imekọ ihe ọnụ na isiokwu ọbụla tupu ịbanye n'usoro nnyocha ndị ọgbọ.[50] Sanger tụrụ aro aha ahụ na 11 Jenụwarị 2001 dị ka njikọ okwu nke okwu wiki (okwu Hawaiian pụtara "ngwa ngwa") yana encyclopedia. [51] E debara aha ngalaba wikipedia.com na wikipedia.org na 12 na 13 Jenụwarị, n'otu n'otu, ebe ewebatara wikipedia. org n'ịntanetị n'otu ụbọchị ahụ.[52] Ọrụ ahụ meghere n'ozuzu na 15 Jenụwarị ("Ụbọchị Wikipedia"), na-enwe ndị Wikipedia mba ụwa ndị ọzọ mbụ - mbipụta German, Katalan, French, Swedish, na Italian - na-emepụta n'etiti Machị na Mee. E guzobere iwu "n'ụzọ na-anọpụ iche" (NPOV) n'oge a, na slashdotter wave nke mbụ nke Wikipedia rutere na 26 Julaị. [28] Akụkọ mgbasa ozi mbụ banyere Wikipedia pụtara n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2001 na akwụkwọ akụkọ Wales on Sunday.

Mwakpo nke Septemba 11 kpaliri mpụta nke akụkọ na-akpali akpali na isi peeji ya, yana igbe ozi na-ejikọta isiokwu ndị metụtara ya. N'oge ahụ, e mepụtara ihe dịka isiokwu otu narị metụtara 9/11 . [53] Mgbe mwakpo nke Septemba 11 gasịrị, njikọ na-eduga n'akụkọ Wikipedia banyere mwakpo ahụ pụtara n'isi peeji Yahoo!, nke kpatara mmụba nke ndị na-enubata na Wikipedia.[54]

2002

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2002 hụrụ mbelata nke inye ego maka Wikipedia site na Bomis na ọpụpụ Sanger. Otu ngwanrọ yiri ibe ya nke Spanish Wikipedia mere, na nguzobe nke Enciclopedia Libre Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia agaghị eme mkpọsa azụmahịa. Ngwá ọrụ MediaWiki mbụ a na-ebugharị ebugharị malitere na Jenụwarị 25. E webatara Bots. A malitere ọrụ nwanne mbụ ya (Wiktionary) yana Manual of Style. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-eme ntinye narị abụọ na-edezi Wikipedia kwa ụbọchị.[55]

2003

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Isi peeji nke Wikipedia (Ọgọst 2003)

Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu dị otu narị puku n'afọ 2003, ebe mbipụta n'asụsụ ọzọ n'abụghị asụsụ bekee kachasị ukwuu, Wikipedia German, gafere isiokwu puku iri. E guzobere Ntọala Wikimedia. Wikipedia nakweere akara ngosi ụwa jigsaw ya. E weghachiri usoro mgbakọ na mwepụ site na iji TeX na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ nke Wikipedia mere na Munich, Germany, n'ọnwa Ọktoba. E mepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke usoro Arnitration na Kọmitii nke Wikipedia Bekee ("ArbCom"). E mepụtara Wikisource dị ka ọrụ nwanne ya dịkwa iche na 24 Nọvemba 2003, iji kwado ederede ndị dị n'efu dị ka ebumnuche ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ na nsụgharị si dị.

2004

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Akụkọ Wikipedia zuru ụwa ọnụ nọgidere na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2004, na-eto okpukpu abụọ n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ, site na ihe na-erughị isiokwu narị puku ise na ngwụcha afọ 2003 ruo ihe karịrị otu nde n'ihe karịrị asụsụ otu narị na ngwụcha afọ 2004. Wikipedia Bekee nwere ihe na-erughị ọkara nke isiokwu ndị a niile. A kwapụrụ ugbo sava weebụsaịtị ahụ site na California gaa Florida. E webatara ụhazi isiokwu n'ụdị n'ụdị (Templeeti:Self-reference link) na ụdị nhazi usoro CSS. Mgbalị mbụ iji gbochie Wikipedia mere, ebe e gbochiri ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ na China ruo izu abụọ na Juun. Ime ntụli aka nke iwu kwadoro malitere maka bọọdụ maka Ntọala ahụ, yana Kọmitii Arbitration na Wikipedia Bekee. A nabatara isi nke mba mbụ nke Ntọala ahụ, Wikimedia Deutschland. Nzukọ mmekọrịta mbụ na United States mere na Boston, na Juaị. E kere Wikimedia Commons na 7 Septemba 2004 iji kwadoo faịlụ ndị dị n'ụdị foto na vidiyo maka Wikipedia n'asụsụ niile.

Bourgeois v. Peters, [56] (11th Cir. 2004), bụ ikpe ụlọ ikpe nke United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit kpebiri bụ otu n'ime echiche ụlọ ikpe mbụ kpọrọ Wikipedia aha maọbụ rụtụ ya aka. [57] O kwuru, sị: "Anyị jụkwara echiche ahụ na ọkwa ndụmọdụ maka iyi egwu nke Ngalaba Nchebe Obodo n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado ọchụchọ ndị a. Ọ bụ ezie na e mere ka ọkwa iyi egwu ahụ 'buo ibu' i' n'oge ngagharị iwe ahụ, 'ruo ugbu a, ọkwa egwu ana-hụ eguzo na oodo do (ebul ebuliiri) maka ọtụtụ oge ọrịla dị. E buliri gaa na ka oromịa (dị elu) ugboro isi i.'"[56]

Na 29 Mee, Wikipedia gbanwere akpụkpọ ahụ ya site na Standard gaa na MonoBook, interface nke nọgidere na-abụ ndabara maka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Wikimedia Foundation ruo 2010. [58]

2005

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N'afọ 2005, Wikipedia ghọrọ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị ewu ewu na Ịntanetị, dị ka Hitwise, si kwuo, ebe naanị Wikipedia Bekee karịrị isiokwu narị puku asaa na iri ise.(750,000). E guzobere pọtal dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ nakwa ọtụtụ isiokwu mbụ nke Wikipedia na 2005. Nchịkọta ego nke emere n'ime ọnwa atọ mbụ nke afọ ahụ nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ narị puku dọla (US $100,000) maka mmelite usoro iji dozie ọchịchọ na-arịwanye elu. China gbochiri Wikipedia ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2005.

Ihe ihere mbụ dị na Wikipedia, ihe omume Seigenthaler, mere n'afọ 2005 mgbe a chọpụtara na otu onye a ma ama nwere akụkọ ndụ e mebiri emebi nke a na-amaghị ama ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. N'ihi nke a na nchegbu ndị ọzọ, e guzobere iwu mbụ na mgbanwe usoro kpọmkwem iji gbochie ụdị mmegbu a. Ihe ndị a gụnyere mmelite iwu ọhụrụ nke Checkuser iji nye aka na nnyocha megide sọks, ihe ọhụrụ a na-akpọ ọkara nchebe, iwu siri ike karị maka akụkọ ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ, na mkpado nke isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ maka nyocha siri ike. E tinyere ihe mgbochi nke ịmepụta isiokwu ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ edebanyere aha ha na Disemba 2005 na Wikipedia Bekee. [59]

Wikimania 2005, nzukọ Wikimania mbụ, ka e mere site na 4 ruo 8 Ọgọst 2005 na Haus der Jugend dị na Frankfurt, na-adọta ihe dị ka ndị bịara narị atọ na iri asatọ (380).

Wikimania – the Wikimentary, akụkọ nkọwa maka Wikimania 2005, nke Jimmy Wales na Ward Cunningham nọ na ya

2006

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Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu mezuru edemede dị na ya otu nde, nke bụ ọdụ ụgbọ okporo igwe Jordanhill, na Machị 1, 2006.[60] A kwadoro nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia mbụ n'efu maka nbudata, e wee debanyekwa aha "Wikipedia" dị ka akara ahịa nke Wikimedia Foundation. ihe ihere akụkọ ndụ ndị enyemaka nke ndị omeiwu - ihe mere ọtụtụ ugboro ebe e jidere ndị ọrụ omeiwu na onye njikwa mkpọsa na-anwa ịgbanwe akụkọ ndụ ndị mmadụ dị na Wikipedia na nzuzo - bịara n'uche ọha na eze, na-eduga n'ịgba arụkwaghịm nke onye njikwa mkpọsa ahụ. Ka o sina dị, a họpụtara Wikipedia dị ka otu n'ime ụdị ise kachasị elu n'ụwa niile nke afọ 2006. [61]

Jimmy Wales gosipụtara na Wikimania 2006 na Wikipedia enwetala ọnụ ọgụ isiokwu edemede juru afọ ma kpọọ oku ka a kwusie ike maka ịdị mma nke edemede ndị ahụ, ikekwe nke o gosipụtara n'ụzọ kachasị mma n'oku ọ kpọrọ maka isiokwu otu narị puku dị mma (100,000 feature-quality articles). E mepụtara ikike ọhụrụ, "nlekọta", na-enye ohere ka e nwee nsụgharị kpọmkwem ụfọdụ nke ibe ndị echekwara ndị nwere ọdịnaya a na-anabataghị dị ka ndị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya. Ọkara nchebe megide mmebi siteina ndị na-amaghị aha yh, nke e webatara na 2005, gosipụtara niu ewu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, ebe ihe karịrị 1otuppuku eeji nka c hebe rey'oge ọ bụla na 2006.

2007

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Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa na 2007, na-enwe ihe karịrị nde mmadụ ise debanyere aha ha ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Mbipụta n'asụsnarị abụọ na iri ise nke Wikipedia nwere ngụkọta nke nde isiokwu asaa na ọkara (7.5 million), nke ruru ijeri okwu otu na ụma asaa na anọ (1.74 biilion), ka ọ na-erule 13 Ọgọst. Wikipedia Bekee nwetara isiokwu ndị a na-edebata na ya n'ogo kwụ chịm na isiokwu otu puku na narị asaa (1,700) kwa ụbọchị, nke mere na aha ngalaba wikipedia.org ghọrọ nke iri kachasị arụ ọrụ n'ụwa. Wikipedia gara n'ihu na-enweta ngosi ya na ndị nta akụkọ - esemokwu Essjay malitere mgbe a chọpụtara na onye otu Wikipedia a ma ama ghara ụgha banyere asambodo ya. Citizendium, encyclopedia na-amasa Wikipedia aka n'ịntanetị, malitere n'ihu ọha. Omume ọhụrụ mepụtara na Wikipedia, nke na encyclopedia ahụ tinyewara anya na ndị e bidoro mawa site n'ịbụ ndị so na akụkọ wuru ewu a kọrọ site n'ịgbakwunye njikọ nduga site na aha ha gaa na ya bụ akụkọ a kọrọ, kama ịmepụtara ha akụkọ ndụ dị iche.

Na 9 Septemba 2007, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nke mezuru ya nde abụọ ya, El Hormiguero . [62] E nwere ụfọdụ esemokwu na ngwụcha afọ 2007 mgbe Volapük Wikipedia si na edemede isiokwu dị narị asaa na iri itoolu na asaa (797) gaa n'ihe karịrị otu narị puku na iri na abụọ (112,000) isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke iri na ise kachasị ukwuu, n'ihi ụmụ irighiri edemede a na-akpọ stub ndị na-ede n'onwe ha, nke ọ bụ otu onye ọ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi maka asụsụ Volapük. mere ya.[63][64] Dị ka MIT Technology Review si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Wikipedia asụsụ Bekee ruru n'ókè dị elu n'afọ 2007 na ihe karịrị puku mmadụ ise na otu (51,000), ma kemgbe ahụ na-ebelata.[65] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, e bipụtara mbipụta nke Wikipedia Version 0.5 .

2008

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Ọrụ Wiki dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ ebe nọgidere na-agbasawanye ma na-emeziwanye ọdịnaya isiokwu n'ime ha. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, e mepụtara akụkọ Wikipedia nke mezuru ya nde iri, ma na-erula na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, Wikipedia Bekee nwezuru ma gafee nde isiokwu abụọ na ọkara.

2009

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Na 25 Jun 2009 n'elekere 22:15 UTC, mgbe ọnwụ Michael Jackson gasịrị, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ahụ dara nwa oge. Wikimedia Foundation kọrọ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu nde ndị ọbịa bịara na akụkọ ndụ Jackson n'ime otu awa, ma eleghị anya na nke ahụ bụ ọnụ ọgụ ndị ọbịa kachasị ukwuu n'ime oge otu awa na isiokwu ọ bụla na akụkọ ihe mere eme Wikipedia. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha Ọgọstụ 2009, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu dị na mbipụta Wikipedia niile agafeela nde iri na anọ.[66] E kere isiokwu nke mezuru ya nde atọ na Wikipedia Bekee, Beate Eriksen, na 17 Ọgọst 2009 na 04:05 UTC. Na 27 Disemba 2009, German Wikipedia gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ mbipụta nke abụọ ma e wepụ Wikipedia asụsụ bekee mere ya. Akụkọ TIMEdepụtara Wikipedia n'etiti ebe nrụọrụ weebụ kachasị mma nke afọ 2009. Ihe dị na Wikipedia nwetara ikikere n'okpuru ikikere Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike na 2009. [67]

Afọ iri nke abụọ: 2010-2019

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2010

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Na 13 Mee, saịtị ahụ wepụtara ihu peeji ọhụrụ. Ihe ọhụrụ ndị e wepụtaragụnyere akara ngosi emelitere, ngwaọrụ igodo ọhụrụ, na ihe nchịkwa njikọ.[68] Otú ọ dị, interface ochie ahụ nọgidere na-adị maka ndị chọrọ iji ya arụ ọrụ. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba, Wikipedia Bekee gafere isiokwu nde atọ na ọkara, ebe e mepụtara isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde na Wikipedia French na 21 Septemba. E mere ndezi mezuru ya otu ijeri na Wikimedia na 16 Eprel. Na mbido afọ 2010, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia agba nke 0.7.

2011

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Otu n'ime ọtụtụ achịcha e mere iji mee emume ncheta afọ iri nke Wikipedia na 2011 [69]

Wikipedia na ndị ọrụ ya mere ọtụtụ ememe ncheta ịgba afọ iri nke saịtị ahụ n'ụwa niile na Jenụwarị 15. Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ malitere mgbalị ịgbasawanye uto ya na India, na-enwe nzukọ India mbụ ya na Mumbai na Nọvemba 2011.[70][71] Wikipedia Bekee gafere inwezu isiokwu dị nde atọ na ụma isii na 2 Eprel, wee ruo nde isiokwu atọ na ụma asatọ na 18 Nọvemba. Na 7 Nọvemba 2011, German Wikipedia gafere ndezi peeji dị nde otu narị, na-aghọ mbipụta asụsụ nke abụọ mere ya ma e wepụ mbipụta nke asụsụ Bekee, nke ruru nde ndezi narị ise ya na 24 Nọvemba 2011. Dutch Wikipedia gafere otu nde isiokwu na 17 Disemba 2011, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke anọ mere ya.

Na 3 Machị 2011, e bipụtara mbipụta nhọrọ isiokwu Wikipedia nke agba 0.8. Israel Post wepụtara stampụ"Wikimania 2011 - Haifa, Israel" bụ nke na 2 Ọgọst 2011. Nke a bụ stampụ mbụ ya kemgbe ụwa a raara nye ọrụ metụtara Wikimedia. N'agbata 4 na 6 Ọktoba 2011, Wikipedia Italian kpachapụrụ anya bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iru iji mee mkpesa megide iwu DDL intercettazioni nke Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu Itali, nke, ma ọ bụrụ na a kwadoo ya, ga-enye onye ọ bụla ohere ịmanye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ọbụla iwepu ozi a na-ele anya dị ka ihe na-abụghị eziokwu ma ọ bụ dịka mkparị, na-enweghị mkpa ọ ga-adị inye ihe akaebe.[72] Ọzọkwa n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011, Wikimedia kwupụtara mwepụta nke Wikipedia Zero, atụmatụ iji mee ka ị na-enweta Wikipedia dị n'efu n'ekwentị na akụrụngwa mkpanaaka ndị ọzọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe site na mmekorita ya na ndị ọrụ mkpanaka.[73][74]

2012

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Ndị ọrụ Wikimedia Foundation n'oge SOPA blackout mere

Na 16 Jenụwarị, onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwupụtara na Wikipedia Bekee ga-emechi ruo awa iri abụọ na anọ na 18 Jenụwarị dị ka akụkụ nke ngagharị iwe iji mee ka ọha na eze mara Iwu Iwu Kwụsị Izu Ohi n'ịntanetị yana Iwu PROTECT IP, iwu abụọ na-emegide ndị ohi n'ịntanetịa ka nọ n'arụmụka ya na United States Congress. N'ịkpọ mgbanyụ ọkụ ahụ " mkpebi obodo", Wales na ndị ọzọ na-emegide iwu ahụ kwenyere na ha ga-etinye nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ihe ọhụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihe ize ndụ.[75] E mekwara mgbanyụ ọkụ yiri nke ahụ na 10 Julaị site na Wikipedia nke Russia, iji mee mkpesa megide iwu nchịkwa ịntanetị nke Russia. [76]

Na ngwụcha Machị 2012, Wikimedia Deutschland kwupụtara Wikidata, ikpo okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ịkekọrịta data n'etiti mbipụta asụsụ Wikipedia niile. [77][78] Ufọdụ n'ime ego e ji rụọ ọrụ iwepụta Wikidata ahụ furu otu nde dọla na ụma asaa (US $1.7) sitere na Google, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, na Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence.[79] Wikimedia Deutschland hụrụ maka akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata, ma na mbụ ha mere atụmatụ ime ka ndị editọ nweenwuo ike ịrụ ọrụ na ikpo okwu site na Disemba 2012. Akụkụ mbụ nke Wikidata malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na Machị 2013. [80][81]

Justin Knapp

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012, Justin Knapp ghọrọ onye ndezi mbụ naanị ya nyere aka mee ndezi karịrị otu nde na Wikipedia. [82][83] Jimmy Wales kelere Knapp maka ọrụ ya ma nye ya ihe nrite Special Barnstar nke saịtị ahụ yana onyinye Golden Wiki maka ihe ọ rụzuru.[84] Wales kwupụtakwara na 20 Eprel ga-abụ "Ụbọchị Ncheta Justin Knapp". [85]

N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2012, Wikipedia Bekee nwetara edemede nde anọ ya, Izbat al-Burj . [86] N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Wikipedia Richard J. Jensen kwuru na Wikipedia Bekee "na-eru ọgwụgwụ", na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị editọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile adaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 2007, n'agbanyeghị uto ngwa ngwa nke Wikipedia na ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu na ndị na-agụ ya.[87] Dị ka Alexa Internet si kwuo, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa ka ọ na-erule Nọvemba 2012. [88] Dow Jones họọrọ Wikipedia nke ise n'ụwa niile ka ọ na-erula Disemba 2012. [89]

2013

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Na 22 Jenụwarị 2013, Wikipedia Italian ghọrọ mbipụta asụsụ nke ise nke Wikipedia nwere karịaotu nde isiokwu, ebe Wikipedia nke Russia na Spanishnwetara isiokwu nke nde ha na 11 na 16 Mee n'otu n'otu. Na 15 Julaị Wikipedia Swedish yana na 24 Septemba Wikipedia Polish nwetara edemede nke otu nde ha, na-aghọ mbipụta Wikipedia nke asatọ na nke itoolu iji mee ya. N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, Kọmitii maka Ịgụ obere ahụ aha gbanwere aha main belt asteroid 274301 n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ịbụzi "Wikipedia".[90]

Akụkụ mbụ nke nchekwa data Wikidata, na-enye njikọ otu asụsụ na ibe ya na data ndị ọzọ na-akpaghị ya aka, gh nke dị ọrọ maka mbipụta asụsụ niile na Machị 2013.[81] N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013, e boro ndị Ọrụ nzuzo nke France ebubo ịnwa inyocha Wikipedia site n'iyi onye ọrụ afọ ofufo Wikipedia egwu ịnwụchi ya ọgwụla ma ehichapụrụ "ihe ọmụma nzuzo" banyere ụlọ ọrụ redio ndị aghana saịtị ahụ.[91]

Nkuzi ihe banyere Wikipedia VisualEditor

N'ọnwa Julaị, a malitere usoro nhazi VisualEditor, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nzọụkwụ mbụ na mgbalị e mere iji kwe ka a na-edezi isiokwu na interface yiri kama iji akara wiki.[92] E weputaraa onngwahrọ maka ime ndezi nke e mere kpọmkwem maka ekwentị na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ndị ọzọ.[93]

2014

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Nnyocha vidiyo nke ọdịnaya Wikipedia n'afọ 2014, na-agba ndị na-ekiri ya ume idezi Wikipedia

N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2014, ndị na-enye aka na Wikipedia nke Germany malitere ọrụ iji bipụta mbipụta nke Wikipedia Bekee, nke nwere mpịakọta otu puku na ihe karịrịotu nde na narị puku peeji.[6] Ọrụ ahụ chọrọ nkwado ego site na Indiegogo, ọ ma buru n'uche ịsọpụrụ ntinye nke ndị editọ Wikipedia mere.[94] N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, a kpughere ihe ncheta a kpụrụ akpụ mbụ nke Wikipedia n'obodo Slubice dị na Poland.[95]

Na 8 Jun, 15 Jun, na 16 Julaị 2014, Waray Wikipedia, Wikipedia Vietnamese yana Cebuano Wikipedia nke ọ bụla gafere akara otu nde isiokwu. Ha bụ Wikipedias nke iri, nke iri na otu na nke iri na abụọ iji ruzuo ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. N'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ndị ọrụ ole na ole na-arụsi ọrụ ike, Wikipedias nke Wai na Cebuano nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke isiokwu ndị e dere na-akpaghị aka nke bots mepụtara.

2015

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Vidio na-egosi ihe ịrịba ama nke Wikipedia inwe isiokwu nde ise na 1 Nọvemba 2015

N'etiti afọ 2015, Wikipedia bụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa niile dịka Alexa Internetsi kwuo, [96] gbadaa n'otu ọnọdụ site n'ọnọdụ ọ nọbu na Nọvemba 2012. Na mbido afọ 2015, Wikipedia ihe ọmụma izugbe nọgidere bụrụ encyclopedia kachasị n'ịntanetị, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ihe karịrị nde isiokwu iri atọ na isii n'asụsụ niile.[41] Na nkezi, Wikipedia na-enweta ngụkọta dị ijeri iri zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ndị na-abịa na saịtị ahụ site na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ narị anọ na iri itoolu na ise na-eleta pụrụ iche kwa ọnwa, gụnyere nde mmadụ iri asatọ na ise si United States naanị, ebe ọ bụ saịtị nke isii kachasị ewu ewu.[6][97][7][96]

Onye na-ese ihe Michael Mandiberg dịka ọ na-ekwu maka Print Wikipedia.

Print Wikipedia bụ ọrụ nka nke Michael Mandiberg mepụtara ikike ibipụta mpịakọta puku asaa, narị anọ na iri asaa na atọ (7473) nke Wikipedia dị ka ọ dị na 7 Eprel 2015. Mpịakọta ọ bụla nwere peeji narị asaa mana ọ bụ naanị otu narị na iri ka onye na-ese ya bụ ihe bipụtara.[98] N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2015, Wikipedia Bekee ruru nde isiokwu ise site n'ịmepụta otu isiokwu na Persoonia terminalis, bụ ụdị akụmakụ.

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Wikipedia natara Onyinye Princess of Asturias maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na mba ụwa.[99][100]

2016

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Na abalị iri na itoolu ọnwa Jenụwarị 2016, Wikipedia nke Japan gafere inweta otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na atọ ya ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Akụkọ ahụ nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ maka Wave 224, ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru mmiri nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nke Ndị ọlụagha na mmiri Imperial nke Japan. N'etiti afọ 2016, Wikipedia ghọkwara ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke isii kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo, [101] gbagoo n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ n'ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga.

2017

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N'etiti afọ 2017, edepụtara Wikipedia dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo, [102] na-arịgo site n'otu ọnọdụ pụọ na ọnọdụ ọ nwere n'afọ gara aga. E mere ka Wikipedia Zero dị na Iraq na Afghanistan. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2017, ndị ọchịchị Turkey gbochiri ịnweta Wikipedia n'ịntanetị n'ofe mbipụta asụsụ niile dị na Turkey. Mgbochi a dịgidere ruo 15 Jenụwarị 2020, ebe ụlọ ikpe nke Turkey kpebiri na mgbochi ahụ mebiri ikike mmadụ. A na-egbochi Wikipedia nke Japan ezoro ezo na China kemgbe 28 Disemba 2017. [103]

2018

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N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, ọnụ ọgụgụ isiokwu ndị dị na Wikipedia nke China gafere otu nde, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na anọ iji ruo ọkwa ahụ. A machibidola Wikipedia nke China na Mainland China kemgbe Mee 2015. [104] Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, na 26 Jun, Wikipedia Portuguese gafere otu nde isiokwu, na-aghọ Wikipedia nke iri na ise ruru ihe dị ịrịba ama ahụ. Isiokwu nke mezuru ya otu nde bụ Perdão de Richard Nixon (Mgbaghara nke Richard Nixon). N'afọ 2018, Wikipedia nọgidere na-ndepụta ya dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ise kachasị ewu ewu n'ụwa dịka Alexa Internet si kwuo.[105] Otu mmepe a ma ama bụ iji Artificial Intelligence mepụta edemede na isiokwu ndị a na-eleghara anya.[106]

2019

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N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ndị ọchịchị China gbasara mmachibido nke Wikipedia gaa na nsụgharị niile. [107][108] Oge nke mgbochi ahụ dakọtara ya na mmemme ncheta afọ iri atọ nke ngagharị iwe na ogbugbu Tiananmen Square nke afọ 1989 na ncheta nke ịgba afọ otu narị nke May Fourth Movemen, nke mere ka nnyocha ịntanetị na China sie ike karịa.[109] N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, dị ka Alexa.com si kwuo, Wikipedia si na ọnọdụ nke ise dalaa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke asaa n'ụwa maka itinye aka n'ịntanetị zuru ụwa ọnụ.[110]

N'otu afọ ahụ, e zigara otu Wikipedia n'ọnwa, dị ka akụkụ nke Arch Lunar Library. N'ihi ọdịda mere, rọket ahụ dara n'elu ọnwa, mana, n'ihi iji diski nickel pụrụ iche, nke na-eguzogide onwe ya, a kwenyere na ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ.[111]

Templeeti:Wikipedias

Templeeti:Wikipedias

Templeeti:Wikipedias

 Page Module:Sister project links/styles.css has no content. 

Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia na ndị E Chekwara

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Faịlụ ọrụ Wikipedia nwere ọtụtụ ntụaka na ihe ndị echekwara. Ihe onwunwe bara uru n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia gụnyere:

Nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme

  • Ụdị: Afọ Wikipedia - ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'afọ
  • Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia - site na Wikipedia:Meta
  • meta:Wikimedia News - akụkọ na ihe ịrịba ama index site na Wikipedias niile
  • Wikipedia:BrilliantProse - onye bu Wikipedia ụzọ:Akụkọ ndị a na-ahụ anya na Wikipedia:Akụkọ ọmaWikipedia:Ezi isiokwu
  • Wikipedia:Nkwurịta okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme
  • Wikipedia:Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Wikipedia bots
  • Wikipedia: Ihe ndekọ Wikipedia
  • Wikipedia:Akụkọ kachasị ochie nke Wikipedia

Ihe ịrịba ama, ogo na ọnụ ọgụgụ

  • Stats.wikimedia.org - isi interface nke Wikimedia Foundation maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ niile, gụnyere Wikipedia dị iche iche na nke jikọtara ọnụ.
  • Ihe ịrịba ama Wikipedia
  • Wikipedia:Milestones (na-adịghị arụ ọrụ)
  • Wikipedia: Iri na abụọ nke Wikipedia
  • Wikipedia: Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ

Ebe Nchekwa Nkwurịta okwu na arụmụka

  • Wikipedia:Nkwupụta Archive
  • Wikipedia: Ndepụta ozi

Na 24 Maachị, sava niile nke Wikipedia Europe pụrụ n'ịntanetị n'ihi nsogbu inwe oke okpomokụ. Failover gaa na sava niile dị na Florida gbajiri, na-akpata nhazigharị nke DNS maka Wikipedia daa n'ụwa niile. E doziri nsogbu ahụ ngwa ngwa, mana n'ihi nsogbu caching nke DNS, o gbuturu oge ụfọdụ ebe inwetakwa Wikipedia karịa ebe ndị ọzọ.

  • Akụkọ MediaWiki
  • Nostalgia Wikipedia - foto nke Wikipedia site na 20 Disemba 2001 dị ka saịtị MediaWiki na-eji akpụkpọ ahụ nke yiri ngwanrọ nke oge ahụ
  • Wikipedia:CamelCase na Wikipedia
  • Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day - Software MediaWiki na-aga ndụ na mmepụta
  • Wikipedia: Ngalaba Ọkụ Ọkụ Ndị Ofu Ofu - njikwa nke nnukwu nchịkọta akụkọ. A gbasara ya mgbe ọ na-adịghịzi mkpa (2004)
  • ZIM File Archive, na Internet Archive, nwere foto zuru ezu nke Wikipedia (yana nhọrọ isiokwu) n'ọtụtụ asụsụ, site na afọ dị iche iche. Enwere ike imeghe faịlụ na ngwanrọ Kiwix.

Onye nke Atọ

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Templeeti:WikipediaTempleeti:Wikipedias

  1. ↑ Wikipedia.org WHOIS, DNS, & Domain Info – DomainTools. WHOIS. Archived from the original on 17 April 2017. Retrieved on 24 October 2016.
  2. ↑ Wikipedia of Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. History Computer (2010). Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved on 9 November 2013.
  3. ↑ Philosophy. GNU. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved on 5 November 2013.
  4. ↑ Stallman (1998). The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1998 Draft). GNU. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved on 29 October 2021.
  5. ↑ WikiHistory. WikiWikiWeb. Archived from the original on 21 June 2002. Retrieved on 15 May 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 "The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?", The Economist, 1 March 2014. Retrieved on 2 April 2014."The future of Wikipedia: WikiPeaks?".
  7. 1 2 comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015. comScore (24 February 2015). Archived from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved on 17 March 2015."comScore Ranks the Top 50 U.S. Digital Media Properties for January 2015".
  8. ↑ Monthly overview. Wikimedia statistics. Wikimedia Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved on 31 May 2019.
  9. ↑ Miloš (2018). "From Diderot's Encyclopedia to Wales's Wikipedia: a brief history of collecting and sharing knowledge". Časopis KSIO 1: 88–102. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3235309. Retrieved on 20 October 2021. 
  10. ↑ Ojiji nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ ihe dị mkpa n'ime na idebe Wikipedia. Otú ọ dị, ọbụlagodi ma enweghị ịntanetị, nnukwu ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị ahụ ejirila ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo mee ihe. N'ụzọ doro anya, e chepụtara echiche ide akwukwọ nkọwa okwu Oxford English Dictionary na okwu ngosi pụta e kwuru na London Library,ụbọchị ncheta Guy Fawkes, 5 Nọvemba 1857, site n'aka Richard Chenevix Trench. O weere ihe dị ka afọ iri asaa iji mezue ya. Dr. Trench chepụtara nnukwu akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ọhụrụ nke okwu ọ bụla n'asụsụ Bekee dị na ya, nke a ga-eji mee ihe n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na n'efu. Dị ka onye edemede Simon Winchester si kwuo, "Nrụ ọrụ nke atụmatụ ahụ, ka o kwuru, karịrị ikike nke otu nwoke ọ bụla. Ịgụ akwụkwọ Bekee niile - na ịchọ n'akwụkwọ akụkọ London na New York niile na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a kachasị agụ - ga-abụrịrị 'ihe ọtụtụ ndị ga-eme.' Ọ ga-adị mkpa iwebata otu ìgwè n'ọru- ọkacha, nke dị nnukwu - ma eleghị anya nwere ọtụtụ narị na narị ndị aka esibeghị ike na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, ha niile na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo.        Ọganihu ndị e nwere na teknụzụ ozi n'ebe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ dugara na mgbanwe n'ụdị encyclopedia ndị a. Ebe encyclopedia ndị gara aga, ọkachasị Encyclopædia Britannica, na-adabere n'akwụkwọ ọtụtụ mgbe, Encarta nke Microsoft, nke e bipụtara na 1993, dị na CD-ROM, e mekwara ya hyperlink. Mmepe nke World Wide Web dugara n'ọtụtụ mgbalị iji mepụta Ọrụ encyclopedia ịntanetị. Otu aro mbụ a tụtara maka encyclopedia n'ịntanetị bụ Interpedia na 1993 site n'aka Rick Gates; ọrụ a nwụrụ tupu ọ mepụta ọdịnaya encyclopedia ọ bụla. Onye na-akwado ngwanrọ n'efu Richard Stallman kọwara uru nke "Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource" na 1998. Akwụkwọ o bipụtara depụtara otu a ga-esi "hụ na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nsonaazụ a kachasị mma". Onye so guzobe Wikipedia bụ Jimmy Wales kwuru na echiche nke Wikipedia bịara mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Indiana, ebe ọ masịrị ya na ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmegharị na-emeghe ma chọpụta na Emacs Manifesto nke Richard Stallman na-akwalite ngwanrọ dị n'efu yana ọnọdụ nkesa ihe n'efu na-adọrọ mmasị ya. Wales na-ekwukwa okwu otuto gbasara ederede onye ọkachamara mkpata na mmefu nke Ụlọ akwụkwọ Austria bụ Friedrich Hayek, "The Use of Knowledge in Society," nke ọ gụrụ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mahadum, na ọ bụ ya nọ "n'etiti" n'echiche ya banyere "otú ọ ga-esi jikwaa ọrụ Wikipedia." <ref>Mangu-Ward (2007-05-30). Wikipedia and Beyond (en-US). Reason.com. Retrieved on 2024-11-07.
  11. ↑ "Wikipedia is 20, and its reputation has never been higher", The Economist, 9 January 2021. Retrieved on 29 August 2022.
  12. 1 2 Sidener. "Everyone's Encyclopedia", The San Diego Union-Tribune, 6 December 2004. Retrieved on 25 March 2007.
  13. 1 2 3 Sanger (2005-04-18). The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir – Part I. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009.
  14. ↑ My resignation – Larry Sanger – Meta (en). meta.wikimedia.org. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved on 16 March 2023. “I was more or less offered the job of editing Nupedia when I was, as an ABD philosophy graduate student, soliciting Jimbo's (and other friends') advice on a website I was thinking of starting. It was the first I had heard of Jimbo's idea of an open content encyclopedia, and I was delighted to take the job.”
  15. ↑ From the archives: Highland Park teen is finalist in web competition. Chicago Tribune (2013-01-12). Retrieved on 2023-08-21.
  16. 1 2 3 "Ben Kovitz", WikiWikiWeb. Retrieved on 25 March 2007.
  17. 1 2 Moody. "This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts", The Guardian, 13 July 2006. Retrieved on 25 March 2007.
  18. 1 2 Sidener. "Wikipedia co-founder looks to add accountability, end anarchy", The San Diego Union-Tribune, 23 September 2006. Retrieved on 25 March 2007. “The origins of Wikipedia date to 2000, when Sanger was finishing his doctoral thesis in philosophy and had an idea for a Web site.”
  19. ↑ Wales. "LinkBacks?" (Email), Wikimedia, 30 October 2001. Retrieved on 25 March 2007.
  20. ↑ Rogers Cadenhead. Wikipedia Founder Looks Out for Number 1. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved on 15 October 2006.
  21. ↑ Larry Sanger. "Let's make a wiki", Nupedia mailing list, 10 January 2001.
  22. ↑ Larry Sanger. "Nupedia's wiki: try it out", Nupedia mailing list, 10 January 2001.
  23. ↑ Slashdot Comments | GNUPedia Project Starting. Slashdot.org (17 January 2001). Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved on 13 April 2010.
  24. ↑ The Free Encyclopedia Project. GNU.org (2012). Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved on 20 December 2012.
  25. ↑ [Nupedia-l Nupedia's wiki: try it out] (2003-04-25). Archived from the original on 25 April 2003. Retrieved on 2023-08-21.
  26. ↑ Larry Sanger. "Re: [Advisory-l The wiki...]", Nupedia mailing list, 11 January 2001.
  27. ↑ [Nupedia-l] Wikipedia is up! (31 March 2003). Archived from the original on 31 March 2003. Retrieved on 16 March 2023.
  28. 1 2 Britannica and Free Content. Slashdot (26 July 2001). Archived from the original on 14 January 2009.
  29. ↑ Nupedia and Project Gutenberg Directors Answer. Slashdot (5 March 2001).
  30. ↑ Everything2 Hits One Million Nodes. Slashdot (29 March 2001).
  31. ↑ Britannica or Nupedia? The Future of Free Encyclopedias. Kuro5hin (25 July 2001). Archived from the original on 7 November 2001.
  32. ↑ Meyers. "Fact-Driven? Collegial? This Site Wants You", The New York Times, 20 September 2001. Retrieved on 16 March 2023. (in en-US)
  33. ↑ Alternative language Wikipedias. Lists. Wikimedia (15 March 2001). Archived from the original on 20 June 2014. Retrieved on 13 April 2010.
  34. ↑ History of the Catalan Homepage. Wikipedia. Archived from the original on 13 April 2001. Retrieved on 13 April 2010.
  35. ↑ Nihongo No Wikipedia: HomePage (20 April 2001). Archived from the original on 20 April 2001. Retrieved on 16 March 2023.
  36. ↑ Wikipedia: HomePage (31 March 2001). Archived from the original on 31 March 2001. Retrieved on 16 March 2023.
  37. ↑ First edition in the Catalan Wikipedia (ca). Wikipedia. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved on 13 April 2010.
  38. ↑ Homepage from the Internet Archive. Wikipedia. Archived from the original on 18 November 2001. Retrieved on 13 April 2010.
  39. ↑ International Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Retrieved on 13 April 2010.
  40. ↑ International Wikipedias statistics. Wikipedia. Archived from the original on 5 March 2003. Retrieved on 13 April 2010.
  41. 1 2 List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014). Wikimedia.org. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved on 20 December 2014."List of Wikipedias – Grand Total (retrieved 2014)".
  42. ↑ List of Wikipedias – Meta (en). meta.wikimedia.org. Retrieved on 2023-08-21.
  43. ↑ Anderson (25 February 2007). Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia. Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 20 October 2008. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.
  44. ↑ Archive: Family-Friendly Policy – Citizendium. en.citizendium.org. Archived from the original on 20 November 2010. Retrieved on 16 March 2023.
  45. ↑ Anderson (25 February 2007). Citizendium: building a better Wikipedia. Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 24 March 2007. Retrieved on 25 March 2007.
  46. ↑ Encyclopedias Are Time Capsules – The Atlantic. The Atlantic (26 January 2021). Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved on 25 June 2022.
  47. ↑ Koehrsen (2018-10-26). Wikipedia Data Science: Working with the World's Largest Encyclopedia (en). Towards Data Science. Retrieved on 2025-02-04.
  48. 1 2 ZIM File Archive: Free Data: Free Download, Borrow and Streaming (en). Internet Archive. Retrieved on 25 June 2022.
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  50. ↑ Larry Sanger. "Let's make a wiki", Nupedia-l mailing list, Internet Archive, 10 January 2001.
  51. ↑ [Nupedia-l Re: [Advisory-l] The wiki...]. nupedia.com. Archived from the original on 14 April 2003.
  52. ↑ Wikipedia.org Site Info. Alexa Internet. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved on 6 September 2010.
  53. ↑ Keegan (17 November 2020). How 9/11 Made Wikipedia What It Is Today (en). Slate. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved on 10 May 2021.
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  55. ↑ Singer. "Free Encyclopedia Project Celebrates Year One", Jupitermedia, 16 January 2002.
  56. 1 2 387 F.3d 1303. Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved on 19 November 2013.
  57. ↑ Peoples, Lee (January 2010). "The Citation of Wikipedia in Judicial Opinions". Yale Journal of Law and Technology 12 (1). 
  58. ↑ MonoBook. MediaWiki. Retrieved on 30 April 2026.
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  60. ↑ Lemon (2 March 2006). Millionth English article posted on Wikipedia. Computerworld. Retrieved on 1 April 2024.
  61. ↑ brandchannel.com | branding news (21 March 2007). Archived from the original on 21 March 2007. Retrieved on 16 March 2023.
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  64. ↑ Yves Nevelsteen (15 September 2007). Volapuko jam superas Esperanton en Vikipedio (eo). Libera Folio. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013. Retrieved on 26 April 2013.
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  74. ↑ Wikipedia Zero. MediaWiki. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved on 27 May 2012.
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  78. ↑ Chalabi. "Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?", April 26, 2013. Retrieved on October 2, 2021.
  79. ↑ Terdiman. Wikidata to provide structured data for all Wikipedia versions (en). CNET. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved on 16 March 2023.
  80. ↑ Perez. "Wikipedia's Next Big Thing: Wikidata, A Machine-Readable, User-Editable Database Funded By Google, Paul Allen And Others", TechCrunch, 30 March 2012.
  81. 1 2 Pintscher, Lydia (13 February 2013). Wikidata live on the English Wikipedia. Wikimedia Deutschland. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013. Retrieved on 15 February 2013.
  82. ↑ Titcomb (20 April 2012). First man to make 1 million Wikipedia edits. The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved on 16 March 2023.
  83. ↑ Skelton (24 April 2012). Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits (en). Mashable. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved on 16 March 2023.
  84. ↑ Hardest working man on the internet passes one million Wikipedia edits. Engadget (20 April 2012). Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved on 3 September 2012.
  85. ↑ Skelton. "Wikipedia Volunteer Editor Reaches 1 Million Edits", Mashable, 23 April 2012. Retrieved on 24 October 2012.
  86. ↑ English language Wikipedia hits 4 million articles!. Wikimedia UK Blog. Wikimedia UK (13 July 2012). Archived from the original on 22 December 2012. Retrieved on 13 July 2012.
  87. ↑ Rosen (25 October 2012). Surmounting the Insurmountable: Wikipedia Is Nearing Completion, in a Sense. The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved on 27 October 2012.
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