Al-Shanfara

 

Al-Shanfarā (Arabic: الشنفرى; nwụrụ c. 525 OA) bụ ọkara akụkọ ifo tupu Islam na-ede uri tentative e jikọtara ya na Ṭāif, na e chere na odee nke a na-eme ememe uri Lāmiyyāt 'al-Arab.[1] Ọ na-anụ ụtọ ọkwa dị ka ihe atụ nke onye na-eme ihe ike na-emegide ndị dike (su'luk), na-akatọ omume ihu abụọ nke obodo ya site n'ọkwá ya dị ka onye na-abụghị onye ọzọ.

Ndụ

Aha Al-Shanfara pụtara “onye nwere egbugbere ọnụ buru ibu.”[2] Aha ya nwere ike ịbụ Thabit ibn Malik[2] ma ọ bụ Thabit ibn Aws.[3] Ihe a maara banyere al-Shanfarā sitere na uri ndị a kwenyere na o ji obi ike dee ya. Ọ dị ka n'ezie na ọ bụ nke Yemenite al-Azd, eleghị anya kpọmkwem nke ezinụlọ Al-Khazraj.[4] Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-agụ ya n'etiti aghribat al-Arab (Arab crow), okwu na-ezo aka na ndị Arab nwere ndị nne Africa.[5]. Ndị ọzọ na-arụ ụka megide nsonye ya na otu a,[6] nke dịka ọkà mmụta Bernard Lewis si kwuo bụ n'ihi mgbagwoju anya dị n'etiti sa'alik na aghribat al-Arab na ụfọdụ ebe mbụ.

Al-Shanfarā dọtara ọtụtụ akụkọ ihe mere eme (akụkọ) n'ihe odide dịka Kitab al-Aghani nke Abu al-Faraj Al-Isfahani ma ọ bụ nkọwa banyere Mufaddaliyat nke Muhammad bin al-Qasim al-Anbari [ar]. akhbar ndị a na-elekwasị anya n'ịkọwa etu esi chụpụ ya n'ebo ya.[8] Otu akụkọ dị otú ahụ na-akọ na mgbe ọ dị obere, agbụrụ Fahm [ar] dọọrọ ya n'agha. Ezinụlọ dị iche iche nke agbụrụ ya, ndị Azd, mechara jide otu n'ime ndị Fahm ma gbapụta ya maka al-Shanfara. Ọ biri n'etiti ha dị ka otu n'ime ha, ruo mgbe ya na nwa agbọghọ nke agbụrụ ahụ sere okwu, onye jụrụ ya dị ka onye na-esoghị n'ezinụlọ ọzọ. N'oge a, ọ laghachiri na Fahm, wee ṅụọ iyi ịbọ ọbọ na Azd.[9] N'ụdị ọzọ nke akụkọ ahụ, ọ na-emegide agbụrụ ya n'ihi na onye agbụrụ ọzọ gburu nna ya, agbụrụ ahụ jụrụ itinye iwu nke ịbọ ọbọ.[2] Ndị ọkà mmụta na-ewere akụkọ ndị a dị ka akụkọ ifo ndị e mepụtara mgbe e mesịrị iji kọwaa ịkpọasị nke onye na-ede uri maka agbụrụ ya. [9] A na-eche na Al-Shanfara na onye ibe ya Ta'abatta Sharran so n'ime mmadụ ole na ole nke pre-Islamic Arabia nwere ike ịgba ọsọ na antelope.[10]

Al-Shanfara nwụrụ gburugburu 525.[11]. Akụkọ ọdịnala banyere ọnwụ ya na-ekwu na e gburu ya maka imegwara maka ogbugbu o gburu Haram ibn Jabir. Nwanne Haram na umu-ya ndikom abua we tiyere ya n'azu n'abali, ha we ke ya ab͕u, kpọghachi ya n'ebo ahu. Mgbe ndị agbụrụ ahụ jụrụ ya ebe ọ chọrọ ka e lie ya, a kọrọ na ọ zara ya n'ahịrị ndị a:   Akụkụ ikpeazụ nke akụkọ ọdịnala bụ na Shanfara ṅụrụ iyi igbu 100 nke Azd, mana mgbe ọ nwụrụ, ọ gburu naanị 99. Ka e mesịrị, otu n'ime ndị Al-Azd gafere ọkpụkpụ ya wee kụọ okpokoro isi ya, mana ọ gbawara nke mechara merụọ ya ma gbuo ya, si otú a mezue nkwa Shanfara.[12]

Ọrụ

A na-akpọ Al-Shanfarā dị ka onye dere mgbasa nke amaokwu ọ bụla yana akụkụ dị ogologo a maara dị ka Ta'iyya nke al-Shan Farā echekwara na nchịkọta nke amaokwu tupu Islam, Mufaḍaliyāt. A na-atụle ọrụ ya na ọ dịkarịa ala iri abụọ nke oge ochie na mmalite oge ochie. [13]

Lamiyyat al-Arab

Al-Shanfarā bụ onye a ma ama maka, a na-eche na ọ bụ ya dere Lamiyyat al-'Arab, ma ọ bụ L-poem nke ndị Arab.[a] Ọ bụ ezie na a na-arụrịta ụka banyere onye ọ bụ kemgbe oge ochie, onye a na-echefu echefu nke onye ohi na-eme emume ya n'akụkụ ọha mmadụ nke uri ahụ na-ese emetụtala echiche nke al-Shanfarā.[14][15] Anyị nwere ike ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị ihe ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ bụrụ na Lāmiyyāt bụ ihe e dere mgbe e mesịrị, ọ na-etinye al-Shanfarā dị ka onye omekome nke oge dike tupu oge Islam, nke a na-ele anya site n'oge ọzọ.

Ta'iyya

Ta'iyya nke al-Shanfarā (Mufaḍaliyya no. 20) bụ uri a ma ama nke onye na-ede uri mgbe Lamiyya gasịrị, a naghị arụkwa ụka banyere onye dere ya.[16] Ndị ọkà mmụta na-enwe mmasị na Nabb (prelude) nke uri ahụ maka "ịma mma ya" (amaokwu 1-14). [17][5] Na nsụgharị Charles James Lyall, uri ahụ bụ:   Akụkụ a jikọtara otuto dị ukwuu nke Umm 'Amr / Umaimah na ịkwa ụta maka ọnwụ nke ịhụnanya ya. N'ahịrị 15-18, onye na-ede uri na-agafe na nkọwa nke òtù ndị ohi ya na ụdị ndụ ha na-awakpo: "Ọtụtụ òtù ndị na-alụ ọgụ, ụta ha na-acha ọbara ọbara, m kpọrọ" (ahịrị 15). Ọ na-akọwa otú o si gaa n'ebe dị anya na mwakpo ya, "ịwakpo onye iro ma zute m" (ahere 17). Ọ malitere ikwere 'iyal, (ahịrị nke ụlọ) Sharabata' Sharbat'[19] Ka nkọwa ahụ na-aga n'ihu ọ na-aghọwanye ihe doro anya n'ihe odide ahụ na umm 'iyal bụ nwoke: "onye ibe sa'alik, ọ nweghị ihe mkpuchi n'ihu ya" na-enye ohere "ọ na-agba ọsọ n'elu onye iro ahụ dị njikere ịlụ ọgụ, na-ekpuchi ụkwụ ya ruo n'ikpere" wee "mgbe ha na-atụ egwu ọ na-eme ka ọ na-acha ọcha na-efe efe; ọ na-agba ụta ya, wee dọrọ mma ya" (ahịrị 22-25). A kọwaghị ihe kpatara mgbanwe nwoke na nwanyị n'akụkụ a n'ụzọ zuru ezu.[20]

Ihe kachasị elu nke uri ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ na ahịrị 28:   Dị ka nkọwa Al-Anbari si kwuo, ahịrị a na-egosi al-Shanfara na-egbu Haram ibn Jabir, onye gburu nna ya.[21] Ma ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ edemede, akụkọ ahụ na-adọrọ mmasị maka imebi omenala omenala. Igbu onye njem ala nsọ bụ ihe arụ, ọ bụ ezie na n'ọnọdụ a, o yiri ka e gburu nna Shanfara n'oge njem ala nsọ.[22]

Fa'iyya

Abụ ọzọ, Fa'iyya, chọtara onye na-ede uri n'elu ugwu n'abalị, na-akwadebe maka mwakpo. Shanfara na-enye nkọwa zuru ezu banyere ngwá agha ya, ọkachasị ụta na akụ ya, ma gosikwa ịhụnanya ya maka ndị enyi ya.[23]

Ihe Nketa

Al-Shanfara pụtara dị ka onye na Resalat Al-Ghufran, nke Al-Ma'arri dere n'ihe dị ka 1033. N'oge njem nke hel, Sheikh nke katọrọ al-Ma'arri zutere al-Shanfara na Ta'abbata Sharran.[24][25]

Mbipụta

• 'Abd al-'Azīz al-Maymanī, Al-T.arā"if al-Adabiyyah (Cairo: Mat.ba'at Lajnat al-Ta'līf wa al-Tarjamah wa al-Nashr, 1937), 31-42 (ọtụtụ n'ime uri al-Shanfarā, ewezuga Lāmiyyat al-'Arab na Mufaḍaliyyah no. 20).
• Maka mbipụta nke Lāmiyyāt 'al-Arab, lee ntinye ahụ.

Ihe edeturu

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