Alikhan Bukeikhanov
Alikhan Bukeikhanov | |
|---|---|
Әлихан Бөкейханов | |
 During the Viborg Manifesto, c. 1907 | |
| Chairman of the Alash Orda (Prime Minister of Kazakhstan) | |
| In office 13 December 1917 – 5 March 1920 | |
| First Minister | Vladimir Volsky (as Chairman of the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly) Nikolai Avksentiev (as Chairman of the Provisional All-Russian Government) Pyotr Vologodsky and Viktor Pepelyayev[lower-alpha 1] |
| Supreme Ruler of Russia | Alexander Kolchak |
| Preceded by | Position established; Nikolai Sukhomlinov (as Governor-General of the Steppes) |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| Additional positions | |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
5 Maachị 1866 Tokraunskaya Volost, Semipalatinsk Oblast, Russia |
| Died | 27 Sepụtemba 1937 (aged 71) Butyrka prison, Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Resting place | Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow |
| Political party | Alash (1917–1920) |
| Other political affiliations | Constitutional Democratic Party (1905–1917) |
| Spouse |
Yelena Yakovlevna Sevostyanova
(m. 1901; died 1918) |
| Children | Zeinep (Elizabeth), Okitai (Sergei) |
| Alma mater | Omsk Technical School Saint Petersburg Forestry Institute |
| Signature |  |
Alikhan Nurmukhameduly Bukeikhanov (5 Maachị 1866 - 27 Septemba 1937) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye ndu ọchịchị, onye nta akụkọ, na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ si mba Kazakhstan; ọ bụkwa ya duziri pati Alash na gọọmentị nwa oge nke Alash Orda n'etiti afọ 1917 na 1920.
Ndụ mbido
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ Alikhan Bukeikhanov n'ime ezinụlọ ndị Alakụba Kazakh na 5 March 1866, na Tokyrauyn Volost, Alaeze Ukwu Russia. Ọ bụ nwa Nurmuhammed Bukeikhanov na dịka nwa nwa Barak Sultan, onye bụbu khan nke Orta zhuz, ọ bụ onye sitere na Genghis Khan.[1] Bukeikhanov gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Russian-Kazakh School na Omsk Technical School na 1890. O mechara mụọ akwụkwọ na Saint Petersburg Forestry Institute, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Faculty of Economics na 1894. N'oge Bukeikhanov dị obere, a kwenyere na ndị socialist metụtara ya.
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Bukeikhanova laghachiri na Omsk na-esote afọ iri na anọ na-arụ ọrụ. Site na 1895 ruo 1897, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Omsk maka ụmụaka Kazakh.[2] Bukeikhanov bụ onye so na njem Shcherbina nke 1896, bụ nke chọrọ nyocha na nyochaa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ ọ bụla nke gburugburu ebe obibi Russia Central Asia na ihe onwunwe na omenala na ọdịnala nke ndị bi na ya. Nke a bụ nke mbụ n'ime ozi ole na ole yiri nke a, nke ọ nabatara. Otu n’ime ihe ndị o nyere ndị e dekọrọ edekọ bụ “Ovtsevodstvo v stepnom krae” (“Ịzụ Atụrụ n’Ala Steppe”), bụ́ nke nyochara ọrụ ịzụ anụmanụ n’Ebe Etiti Eshia. Bukeikhanov bụ onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ mbụ nke Abay Kunanbayev, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ obituary na Semipalatinsky listok na 1905. Na 1909, o bipụtara nchịkọta ọrụ Kunanbayev.[3]
Ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 1905, ọru ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Bukeikhanov malitere mgbe ọ sonyeere Democratic Democratic Party. N'ọgwụgwụ 1905 na Uralsk Oblast Party Congress, ọ gbalịrị ịmepụta Kazakh Democratic Party mana ọ dara. N'ihi omume a, e jidere ya ma machibido ya ibi na Steppe Oblasts. Mgbe ọ chụgara ya, ọ kwagara Samara. A họpụtara ya na State Duma nke Alaeze Ukwu Rọshịa dị ka onye so na pati ahụ na 1906 wee bịanye aka na arịrịọ Vyborg iji mee mkpesa maka mgbasa nke Duma nke eze. Na 1908, e jidere ya ọzọ ma chụga ya na Samara ruo 1917. Mgbe ọ nọ na Samara, o so na Kọmitii Samara Guberniya nke People's Freedom Party guzobere na 1915.
Onye dere echiche nke First Kazakh Republic
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
N'onwa April 1917, Bukeikhanov, Akhmet Baitursynov na ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo ndị ọzọ butere ụzọ n'ịkpọkọta All-Kazakh Congress na Orenburg.[8] N'ime mkpebi ya, Congress gbara ndị obodo ume ka ha laghachi n'ala niile ọchịchị gara aga weghaara na ya ma chụpụ ndị bi na mpaghara Kazakh-Kirghiz. Mkpebi ndị ọzọ chọrọ ka e bufee ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo n'aka ndị obodo na ịkwụsị ọrụ ewebatara na 1916. N'ime otu ahụ, Bukeikhanov, yana ndị Russia na-akwado onwe ha, ọkachasị ndị Kadets chọrọ ibu ụzọ dọta uche gaa na nsogbu akụ na ụba, ebe ndị ọzọ chọrọ ijikọ ndị Kazakh na ndị Turkic ndị ọzọ nke Russia.[9]Ọnwa atọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, otu ndị omeiwu Kazakh-Kirghiz ọzọ zukọrọ na Orenburg. N'ebe ahụ, maka oge mbụ, echiche nke nnwere onwe ókèala pụtara, e wee guzobe otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kazakh-Kirghiz nke mba ahụ, Alash Autonomy. [10] Tupu mgbanwe nke February, Bukeikhanov na ndị Kadets jikọrọ aka na olileanya inweta ọkwa onwe onye maka ndị Kazakh ma kpọtụrụ onyeisi gọọmentị oge Russia Alexander Kerensky. Kerensky gara n'ihu mee Bukeikhanov onye komishọna. Na 19 Maachị 1917, a họpụtara ya dị ka Kọmishọna Gọọmentị Oge Ochie nke Turgay Oblast. Mgbe mgbanwe October gasịrị, a họpụtara ya na 1917 dị ka onyeisi oche nke ọchịchị Alash Orda nke Alash Autonomy.
Na 1920, mgbe nguzobe nke Soviet hegemony Bukeikhanova sonyeere Bolshevik Party wee laghachi na nkà mmụta sayensị ndụ. Ihe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị o mere na mbụ mere ka ndị ọchịchị jiri enyo enyo na-ele ya anya, nke mere ka e jide ya na 1926 na 1928. Na 1926, e jidere Bukeikhanov n'ihi ọrụ mgbochi mgbanwe ma tinye ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Butyrka dị na Moscow. Ma n’ihi enweghị ihe akaebe n’ikpe mpụ e boro ya, a tọhapụrụ ya n’ụlọ mkpọrọ. Na 1930, ndị ọchịchị chụpụrụ ya na Moscow, bụ́ ebe e jidere ya na nke ikpeazụ na 1937 ma gbuo ya.
It was not until 1989 that the Soviet authorities rehabilitated him.
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akwụkwọ Bukeikhanov dere gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ "Kirgizy" ("Ndị Kazakh") (1910), nke e bipụtara n'akwụkwọ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị omeiwu na mba dị iche iche nke AI Kosteliansky deziri. Ihe ndị ọzọ Bukeikhanov mere n'oge a gụnyere inyere aka n'ịmepụta Qazaq, akwụkwọ akụkọ asụsụ Kazakh, na ide akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ, gụnyere "Dala Walayatynyng Gazeti" (Omsk), "Orenburgskii Listok", "Semipalatinskii Listok", "Turkestanskie Vedomosti" ( Tashkent), "Stepnoi Pioner" (Omsk), na "Sary-Arqa" (Semipalatinsk). Ọ bụkwa onye tinyere aka na Ay Qap na "Sibirskie Voprosy".
Ihe odide nkọwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- ↑ As Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian State.
Edensibịa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Sultan-Khan Akkuly (December 2014). Childhood and boyhood of the future leader of the nation: Alikhan was born different. e-history.kz. Retrieved on January 31, 2015.
- ↑ Sultan-Khan Akkuly (October 21, 2014). Alikhan Bokeikhan: prison epopee. e-history.kz. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved on January 31, 2015.
- ↑ Aigul Bidanova (August 21, 2013). Ethnic Costumes in 1902 Exhibition Came From Abai. The Astana Times. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved on February 1, 2015.
Ebe e si nweta ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Pipes, Richard (1997), The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 1917-1923, Harvard University Press, ISBN 9780674309517
- Sabol, Steven (2003), Russian Colonization of Central Asia and the Genesis of Kazak National Conscious, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-0333921425
- Pierce, Richard A. (1960), "Russian Central Asia, 1867-1917: A Study in Colonial Rule", Russian and East European Studies, University of California Press, ISSN 0080-4886
External links
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