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Anụ na-ekwu okwu

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anụmanụ na-ekwu okwu ma ọ bụ anụmanụ na-ekwu ekwu okwu bụ anụmanụ ọ ble na-ahụ mmadụ nke nwere ike ike ma ọ bụ ahụ yiri nke Asụsụ mmadụ.[1]  Ọtụtụ ụdị ma ọ bụ m anụmanụ dị iche n'ụdị okwu nke yiri okwu, Otú ọ dị, a adịghị ele ha anya dị ka n'ihi na ha otu otu ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị na-amasị, dị ka nhọrọ, syntax, recursion, na displacement.  Ndị na-eme egwuregwu enweela ihe ịga nke ọma n'ị Meri ụfọdụ ụmụ anụmanụ ka ha mee ihe yiri Asụsụ ndị ogbi, [2] ọ bụ ebe na a ga-ewere nke a dị ka see. [1][2]

O kwere omume nke asụsụ anụmanụ

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Ịnyịnya Clever Hans na-eme ihe

a na-ezo aka n'anụma ndị nwere ike i ike (ọ bụ ebe na ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka ha Okwu okwu) okwu mmadụ.  Parrots, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-ekwughachi nke okwu mmadụ site na i ike.[1]  E nwere parrots ndị na-eke iji okwu mee ihe n'ịbụ ndịdị ቀላል ma nwee ụka bara uru na ụmụ ụmụ.  Alex, parrot na-acha ntụ ntụ, ntụ ntụ ntụ, nha, ọnụ ọgụgụ wdg ihe ma nye ha mmetụta otu okwu.[2]  E dekwara na ọ kpàdị akwụkwọ adị.[3]  Nnụnụ ụzo na-acha ntụ ntụ, N'N'isi, nwere ike iji okwu 950 mee ihe n'amamkpa, nwere ike ike ọgụkwa ndị echiche nke oge egwuregwu chọrọ..[3]

Ndị na-eme , ndị na-eme mgbanwe ngosi (chimpanzee, gorillas na orangutan) Asụsụ a na-asụ na isi ala ebe ọ bụ na egosipụta ike ha otu esi ekwo otu ma ọ bụ okwu ole na ole ma ọ bụ obere okwu ma ọ bụ ihe ma ọ bụ akụkụ, na Asụsụ ndị ogbi nwere nwere ka mma n'ihi na ha ike ike ihe dị chiri iche iche.  N'ihe ihe nke a, amụ ọtụtụ igbu ogbugbu a na akwụkwọ edemede sara mbara. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [5] [6] [7][11][12][13]

Ndị a kọrọ site na ụdị

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Nnụnụ

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  • Alex, parrot na-acha ntụ ntụ nke Dr. Irene Pepperberg nyochara ma zụọ, gosipụtara ihe ọmụma banyere cca. 100 okwu, ghọtara ihe ọtụtụ ụdị ajụjụ pụtara ma dee ya iji jụọ otu ajụjụ banyere onwe ya.[14][15]
  • N'N'isi, parrot na-acha ntụ ntụ, maara ihe karịrị okwu 900, nwere ike ịmepụta ahịrịokwu ma ọbụna ghọta oge ụtọ asụsụ.[3]

Nkịta

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  Onye nwe ya nụrụ ka nkịta na-eme ụda nke yiri ahịrịokwu na-agwa nkịta ahụ okwu ahụ, onye na-ekwughachi ụda ahụ ma na-akwụghachi ya ụgwọ. N'ikpeazụ, nkịta ahụ mụtara ụdị ụda mbụ a gbanwere agbanwe. Nkịta nwere ikike iṅomi olu pere mpe, n'ihi ya, ọ na-achọkarị ka a kpụzie ụda ndị a site na nlebara anya na ụgwọ ọrụ ọha na eze.[16]

  • Otu nkịta na America's Funniest Home Videos aha ya bụ Fluffy, mere mkpọtụ nke yiri "Achọrọ m nne m" mgbe a jụrụ ya "Ị chọrọ nne gị?".   [citation needed] Vidio ndị ọzọ gosipụtara nkịta ndị ọzọ na-eme mkpọtụ nke ụfọdụ ndị na-ekiri ya yiri "Run around", "I want it", "I love mommy" na "Hello".
  • Odie, onye pug nke na-emepụta mkpọtụ yiri "Ahụrụ m gị n'anya" mgbe a chọrọ ya, pụtara n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi telivishọn.[17]
  • Onye na-eme nchọpụta banyere ihe ndị na-eme n'eziokwu bụ Charles Fort dere n'akwụkwọ ya bụ Wild Talents (1932) banyere ọtụtụ ikpe nkịta nwere ike ikwu Bekee. Fort weere akụkọ ndị ahụ site na akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke oge ahụ.
  • N'afọ 1715, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz bipụtara akụkọ banyere izute nkịta na-ekwu okwu nke nwere ike ikwu ihe dị ka okwu 30.[18]
  • Don, onye Germany na-egosi ihe nke a mụrụ na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20, bụ nkịta nke a maara na ọ nwere ike ịkpọpụta okwu ole na ole na German ma ghọọ ihe na-ewu ewu na vaudeville n'ihi ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị n'oge ahụ jụrụ ikike Don, onye edemede Jan Bondeson na-ewepụta arụmụka na Don nwere ike ikwu okwu mmadụ n'ezie ma na-akatọ ule ndị e mere na Don n'oge a dị ka ndị nwere nnukwu ntụpọ usoro.[18]
  • N'afọ 1959, nkịta atụrụ German nke aha ya bụ Corinna bi na Prague mepụtara ikike maka okwu mmadụ. Dị ka ọkà mmụta ụmụ anụmanụ Hermann Hartwigg si kwuo, nke e bipụtara n'okpuru aha 'Hermann Dembeck', Corinna 'na-ejide ndekọ n'oge a maka ike ikwu okwu ya'.[19]

nwamba

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  • Vidio mbụ meriri "Cat's Got a Tongue" [20] site na Season 10, Episode 20 nke America's Funniest Home Videos gosipụtara nwamba na-ekwu okwu na ahịrịokwu mmadụ dịka "Oh nkịta m", "Oh Long John", "Oh Long Johnson", "Oh Don piano", "Ihe mere m ji ele anya ya", "All the live long day", na "Oh long John". E gosipụtara ụdị vidiyo ahụ dị ogologo (nke kpughere na anụmanụ ahụ na-emeghachi omume na ọnụnọ nwamba ọzọ) na UK. Vidio sitere na vidiyo a jupụtara na YouTube. Nkịta ahụ ghọrọ ihe a ma ama n'ịntanetị n'afọ 2006 wee pụta dị ka onye na "Faith Hilling", ihe omume nke 226 nke South Park, nke gosipụtara na Machị 28, 2012.
  • "Cat Says, 'No',[21] vidiyo ọzọ sitere na ihe ngosi ahụ nke meriri n'ọnọdụ mbụ na Season 7, Episode 10, gosipụtara nwamba na-ekwu ugboro ugboro, "ee".
  • Miles v. City Council of Augusta, Georgia, ebe ụlọ ikpe chọpụtara na a na-ewere ngosi nke nwamba na-ekwu okwu dị ka ọrụ maka ebumnuche nke iwu ikikere obodo.

Nnukwu enwe

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  Nnukwu enwe na-e ike okwu ihe bụ a na-ahụ ahụkebe ọ bụ ebe na ụfọdụ n'ime ha ikewo ime nke a site n'ịhụ na i mmetụta ahụ, na olu sitere n'aka ndị na-enye ha mmadụ.  N'ụzọ doro anya, njikwa olu ngosi na nnukwu mmetụta ndị na-azụ ụmụ nwere ike isite na nna nna evolushọn nwere ikike njikwa olu yiri ya.  Ndị a na-akpọ chimpanzees na orangutans.

  • Johnny (1944-2007), bụ enwe nke nwekwara ike ikwu okwu "mama" n'ụzọ doro anya.
  • N'afọ 1962, Bioparco di Roma, otu chimpanzee aha ya bụ Renata nwere ike ikwu okwu ahụ bụ "mama" n'ụzọ doro anya mgbe onye na-enye ya ọzụzụ toro ya.
  • Kokomo Jr., bụ chimpanzee na mascot nke Today show, onye a maara na ọ na-ekwu okwu ahụ bụ "mama".
  • Viki bụ enwe nke nwere ike ikwu okwu anọ:
    • nne
    • papa
    • n'elu
    • iko
  • Tilda (amụrụ n'afọ 1965, Borneo), bụ orangutan nke na-emeghachi omume na ndị na-elekọta ya n'ụzọ yiri nke mmadụ dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-ezo aka na nri ma na-ekwughachi okwu "Cologne Zoo" site na ịchịkwa egbugbere ọnụ ya na ire ya, yana ịchịkwa ụda olu ya. Iji mee nke a, ọ na-agbanye ire ya iji mepụta ụda olu ya dị iche iche, ma na-eme mkpesa n'ụzọ a pụrụ iji tụnyere ụmụ mmadụ na-eme ụdaume. Ọ na-eme nke a naanị n'oge ọ na-enye nri mgbe ọ chọrọ ịdọta uche ndị na-elekọta ya. Nke a bụ n'ihi na onye na-enye ọzụzụ mmadụ na-akụzi oge mbụ ya mgbe ọ nọ na azụmahịa ntụrụndụ.
  • Rocky (amụrụ na Septemba 25, 2004), onye bi na Indianapolis Zoo, bụ orangutan nke nwere ike ikwu okwu "hi". Ọ bụ enwe mbụ mepụtara ụda yiri okwu na "okwu mkparịta ụka". E dekọrọ ụda ndị a n'iji ya eme ihe ma nwee ike ịhụ ya ebe a. Na vidiyo ahụ, Rocky na-ekere òkè na oge ọzụzụ ebe a na-agwa ya ka ọ mepụta olu na-abụghị "okwu" orangutan. The Indianapolis Zoo mere Nkwupụta ihu ọha banyere ụda olu Rocky na mmetụta ha maka ọmụmụ ihe ugbu a na nke ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu.

Enyí

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  • Batyr (1969-1993), enyí si Kazakhstan, a kọrọ na ọ nwere okwu karịrị ahịrịokwu 20. Ihe ndekọ nke Batyr na-ekwu "Batyr dị mma", "Batyr agụụ na-agụ", na okwu ndị dị ka "ịṅụ" na "inye" ka a na-akpọ na redio steeti Kazakh na 1980. [22]
  • Kosik (amụrụ n'afọ 1990) bụ enyí nwere ike iṅomi okwu ndị Korea.[23]

Anụmanụ ndị na-ebi n'oké osimiri

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Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị whale nwere ezé dị ka dolphin na Porpoises dị ka beluga whales na orca nwere ike i ụzọ usoro okwu mmadụ..[24]

  • NOC, a captive beluga whale na United States Navy's Cold Ops program, nwere ike iṅomi ụfọdụ okwu nke ọma iji gbagwojuo Navy diving na ọ dịkarịa ala otu oge.[25]
  • Onye na-enyere John C. Lilly aka Margaret Howe zụrụ dolphin aha ya bụ Peter iji mepụta ọtụtụ okwu, gụnyere "Mar-ga-ret".
  • Wikie bụ orca nke nwere ike ịsị "hello", "goodbye", na "Amy" (onye na-enye ya ọzụzụ).

Ndị ọzọ

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  • Hoover bụ akara ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke na-ekwughachi ahịrịokwu ndị a na-anụkarị gburugburu ihe ngosi ya na New England Aquarium, gụnyere aha ya. Ọ pụtara na akwụkwọ ndị dị ka Reader's Digest na The New Yorker, na mmemme telivishọn dị ka Good Morning America . [26]
  • Gef the talking mongoose bụ anụmanụ a na-ekwu okwu nke bi n'obere ụlọ na Isle of Man, n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Great Britain. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-ekwere na Gef bụ poltergeist, anụmanụ dị ịtụnanya ma ọ bụ cryptid. Ndị ọkà mmụta nke oge a kwenyere na o yikarịrị ka ọ bụ aghụghọ.[27][28]
  • Ọ bụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ewu na-eme mkpọtụ nke na-ada ka mkpụrụedemede sitere na okwu mmadụ. Ụfọdụ vidiyo nke omume a emechaala bụrụ ndị a ma ama na YouTube. Ihe atụ sitere na Tennessee nke nwa ewu yiri ka ọ na-ekwu "gịnị ka ihe?" nwetara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ asaa.

N'akụkọ ifo

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  E nwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ n'okpuru ihe mere eme niile na ndị ifo.  ma ọ bụ n'ihe edere ma ọ bụ na fim na animation.  Na aha Pokémon.  A na-ewere Meowth nke Team Rocket dị ka Pokémon iche iche n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ikike ma jiri mmadụ mee ihe, ebekwa na-eje ozi dị ka onye ntụgharị maka Pokémon ibe ya, ebe ha nwere ike ike mkpa aha nke ha n'ọnụ.[29]

Hụkwa

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  • Amamihe nke anụmanụ
  • Nkwurịta okwu anụmanụ
  • Asụsụ anụmanụ
  • Biosemiotics
  • Derek Bickerton - Onye na-eme nchọpụta na usoro nkwurịta okwu anụmanụ
  • Nkwurịta okwu mmadụ na anụmanụ
  • Ọrụ ikwu okwu nke mmadụ
  • Mmekọrịta na All Life - akwụkwọ
  • Ịmụta olu

Ihe odide

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  1. ↑ Hu (Aug 20, 2014). What Do Talking Apes Really Tell Us?. Slate. Retrieved on Jan 19, 2020.
  2. ↑ Terrace (December 1982). "Why Koko Can't Talk". The Sciences 22 (9): 8–10. DOI:10.1002/j.2326-1951.1982.tb02120.x. ISSN 0036-861X. 
  3. 1 2 Kirby (26 January 2004). Parrot's oratory stunts scientists. BBC News.
  4. ↑ F.X. Plooij (1978). "Some basic traits of language in wild chimpanzees?", in A. Lock: Action, Gesture and Symbol. New York: Academic Press. 
  5. ↑ T. Nishida (1968). The social group of wild chimpanzees in the Mahali Mountains, 167–224. 
  6. ↑ D. Premack (1985). 'Gavagai!' or the future of the animal language controversy, 207–296. 
  7. ↑ R.A. Gardner (1969). Teaching Sign Language to a Chimpanzee, 664–72. DOI:10.1126/science.165.3894.664. 
  8. ↑ R.A. Gardner (1989). Teaching Sign Language to Chimpanzees. Albany: SUNY Press. 
  9. ↑ H.S. Terrace (1979). Nim: A chimpanzee who learned Sign Language. New York: Knopf. 
  10. ↑ E.S. Savage-Rumbaugh (1985). Language learning in two species of apes, 653–65. DOI:10.1016/0149-7634(85)90012-0. 
  11. ↑ E.S. Savage-Rumbaugh (1986). Spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus). General, 211–35. DOI:10.1037/0096-3445.115.3.211. 
  12. ↑ F.G. Patterson (1981). The education of Koko. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 
  13. ↑ H.L. Miles (1990). "The cognitive foundations for reference in a signing orangutan", in S.T. Parker: "Language" and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative Developmental Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 511–539. 
  14. ↑ Chandler (11 September 2007). "Farewell to a famous parrot". Nature. DOI:10.1038/news070910-4. Retrieved on Jan 19, 2020. 
  15. ↑ Jordania (2006). Who Asked the First Question? The Origins of Human Choral Singing, Intelligence, Language and Speech. Tbilisi: Logos. ISBN 978-99940-31-81-8. 
  16. ↑ Adler (June 10, 2009). Fact or Fiction: Dogs Can Talk. Scientific American. Retrieved on February 19, 2015.
  17. ↑ the talking pug. Retrieved on 2008-12-11.
  18. 1 2 Bondeson (15 March 2011). Amazing Dogs: A Cabinet of Canine Curiosities. Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781445609645. 
  19. ↑ (2017-06-09) Willingly to school: How animals are taught. Taplinger Publishing Company. ISBN 9780800883409. 
  20. ↑ Home Video Licensing.
  21. ↑ Home Video Licensing.
  22. ↑ Conversing cows and eloquent elephants. fortunecity.com. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-12-11.
  23. ↑ "Kosik, Talking Elephant, Attracts Researchers And Tourists In South Korea", Huffington Post, October 11, 2010. Retrieved on December 23, 2012.
  24. ↑ The Story of One Whale Who Tried to Bridge the Linguistic Divide Between Animals and Humans. Smithsonian Magazine (June 2014).
  25. ↑ Study: Male beluga whale mimics human speech (22 October 2012). Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
  26. ↑ Hoover, the Talking Seal. Neaq.org. New England Aquarium. Archived from the original on 2012-02-14. Retrieved on 2012-01-25.
  27. ↑ Josiffe (January 2011). Gef the Talking Mongoose. Fortean Times. Dennis Publishing. Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved on December 23, 2012.
  28. ↑ Chris Berry (January 2010). Electronic Elsewheres: Media, Technology, and the Experience of Social Space. U of Minnesota Press, 39–. ISBN 978-0-8166-4736-1. Retrieved on 19 August 2013. 
  29. ↑ Harris (2008-02-04). Pokémon: Indigo League Season 1, Volume 3 DVD Review (en). IGN. Retrieved on 2024-09-13.

Njikọ mpụga

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