Analytic language
Asụsụ nyocha bụ ụdị asụsụ okike nke usoro okwu mgbọrọgwụ/stem na-esonyere prepositions, postpositions, particles and modifiers, na-eji affixes adịkarịghị. Nke a na-emegide asụsụ sịntetik, nke na-ejikọta ọtụtụ echiche n'ime otu okwu, na-eji affixes mgbe niile. A na-ekenye ọrụ nchịkọta okwu n'okwu ndị bụ isi site n'usoro okwu . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'ịgbanwe mkpụrụokwu nke ọ bụla na nkebi ahịrịokwu Latin fēl-is pisc-em cēpit "nwamba ahụ jidere azụ" ka ọ bụrụ fēl-em pisc-bụ "azụ ahụ jidere nwamba", azụ na-aghọ isiokwu, ebe nwamba na-aghọ ihe ahụ. Ngbanwe a agaghị ekwe omume n'asụsụ nyocha na-agbanweghị usoro usoro okwu. Dịka, asụsụ nyocha nwere oke morpheme -per- word dị ala, ọkachasị gbasara morphemes inflectional . Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị asụsụ okike bụ nanị nyocha ma ọ bụ nke sịntetịt.
ndabere
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-ejikarị okwu nyocha eme ihe na onye ikwu karịa n'echiche zuru oke . Asụsụ nyocha nke Indo-European a kacha mara amara na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ Modern English, nke tụfuru ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị morphology inflectional nke ọ ketara na Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Germanic na Old English kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ ma enwetabeghị ụdị morpheme ọhụrụ ọ bụla ugbu a, nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nyocha karịa ọtụtụ asụsụ Indo-Europe.
Dị ka ihe atụ, Proto-Indo-European nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ mgbagwoju grammatical conjugation, grammatical genders, dual number and inflections for asatọ ma ọ bụ itoolu ikpe na aha ya, nnochiaha, adjectives, numerals, participles, postpositions na determiners, Standard English ka efunahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ha niile gbanwetụrụ (ma e wezụga n'ihi pronouns, adjectives). ọnụ ọgụgụ ma mee ka njikọ ya dị mfe.
Latịn, German, Greek, na Russian na ọtụtụ n'ime asụsụ Slavic, nke a na-eji usoro okwu efu mara, bụ asụsụ sịntetik . Aha ndị dị na Rọshịa na-atụgharị maka opekata mpe isii, ọtụtụ n'ime ha sitere na ikpe Proto-Indo-European, onye ọrụ ya na Bekee sụgharịrị site na iji usoro ndị ọzọ dị ka prepositions, okwu ọnụ, usoro okwu, na nwe <i id="mwPQ">' s</i> .
Hibru ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere nyocha karịa Hibru oge gboo na-enwekarị aha. [1] Hibru oge gboo na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ọdịdị mmụgharị uche iji wepụta mmekọrịta ụtọ asụsụ, ebe n'asụsụ Hibru nke oge a, enweela mbelata dị ukwuu nke ojiji nke morphology inflectional.
Na-ekewapụ asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Echiche metụtara ya bụ nke ikewapụ asụsụ, nke bụ ndị nwere oke morpheme-kwa-okwu dị ala (na-eburu n'uche morphemes nke ewepụtara ). Asụsụ ndị kewapụrụ iche bụ site na nkọwapụta na enweghị morphemes. Agbanyeghị, ntụgharị ahụ abụghị eziokwu, na asụsụ nwere ike ịnwe morphemes ewepụtara mana enweghị morphemes inflectional. Ọmụmaatụ, Mandarin Chinese nwere ọtụtụ ngwakọta okwu, nke na-enye ya a moderately elu ratio nke morphemes kwa okwu, ma ebe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dịghị inflectional affixes ọ bụla na-ezipụta ụtọ ụtọ asụsụ mmekọrịta, ọ bụ nnọọ nyocha asụsụ.
Asụsụ bekee abụghị nke analytic kpam kpam n'aha ya ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-eji ntụgharị maka ọnụọgụgụ (dịka, "otu ụbọchị, ụbọchị atọ; otu nwa nwoke, ụmụ nwoke anọ") na ihe onwunwe ("Ụbọọlụ nwata" vis-à-vis "Nwa nwoke nwere bọọlụ"). Mandarin Chinese, n'ụzọ dị iche, enweghị mgbanwe na aha ya: tulee一天yī tiān 'otu ụbọchị',三天sān tiān 'ụbọchị atọ' (n'ụzọ nkịtị 'ụbọchị atọ');一個男孩yī ge nánhái 'Otu nwa nwoke' (lit. 'Otu [otu akụkụ nke] nwa nwoke'),四個男孩sì ge nánhái 'ụmụ nwoke anọ' (lit. 'anọ [n'ime akụkụ] nwa nwoke'). Ọzọkwa, a na-ahụta Bekee dị ka ihe na-adịghị ike na-atụgharị ma na-atụnyere nyocha karịa ọtụtụ asụsụ Indo-European ndị ọzọ.
Persian nwere akụkụ ụfọdụ nke agglutination, na-eji prefixes na suffixes na-ejikọta na ị ga nke ngwaa na aha, si otú a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ sịntetik kama ịbụ nke nyocha. Persian bụ asụsụ SOV, yabụ nwee usoro nkebiokwu ikpeazụ.
Ndepụta asụsụ nyocha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Asụsụ Indo-European
- Asụsụ Ọstrelia
- Asụsụ Hawaii
- Māori
- Asụsụ Sino-Tibet
- Burma
- Asụsụ Sinitic (gụnyere Mandarin na Cantonese )
- Chinese oge gboo
- Asụsụ Austroasiatic
- Vietnamese
- Khmer
- Asụsụ Kra-Dai
- Thai [7]
- Lao
- Asụsụ Hmong-Mien
- Hmong
- Maybrat
- Mixtec
- Sango
- Yoruba
- Haitian Creole
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ngwaa inyeaka
- morpheme efu
- Na-ekewapụ asụsụ
- Asụsụ akara efu
- Asụsụ sịntetik
- Ụdị asụsụ
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]ukwuu nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ Trans–New Guinea ọ bụla, yana asụsụ ala nna ọ bụla na New Guinea, ma bụrụ nke abụọ karịa mgbe PapuanAsụsụ ahụ yiri ka ọ bụ otu n'enweghị mgbanwe olumba ama ama ma gosipụta ma ọ dịkarịa ala
- ↑ Zuckermann (2009). "Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns". Journal of Language Contact 2 (2): 40–67. DOI:10.1163/000000009792497788.
- ↑ Holm (1988). Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-35940-5.
- ↑ (1991) in Clyne: Pluricentric Languages. DOI:10.1515/9783110888140. ISBN 978-3-11-012855-0.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Grammar: Cases. people.umass.edu. Retrieved on 2018-04-19.
- ↑ Bulgarian. clada-bg.eu.
- ↑ Angelov (2006). "Bulgaria: Language Situation", Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, 147–149. DOI:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01786-7. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1. “In the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries the Bulgarian language changed significantly, developing an analytic grammatical structure.”
- ↑ Minegishi (March 2011). "Description of Thai as an isolating language". Social Science Information 50 (1): 62–80. DOI:10.1177/0539018410389107.