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Anna Atkins

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Anna Atkins (née Children; 16 March 1799 - 9 June 1871 [1] bụ onye England botanist na foto. A na-elekarị ya anya dị ka onye mbụ bipụtara akwụkwọ e ji ihe onyonyo eserese gosi.[2][3][4] Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ mepụtara foto.[3][4][5][6]

Oge ọ malitere

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A mụrụ Atkins na Tonbridge, Kent, England na 1799.[1] Nne ya, Hester Anne Children, "agbakeghị site na mmetụta nke ịmụ nwa" wee nwụọ na 1800. [5] Anna nọ nna ya nso bụ John George Children, onye a ma ama na-ahụ maka kemịkalụ, ọkà mmụta mineral na ọkà mmụta anụmanụ..[7] Anna "nwetara agụmakwụkwọ sayensị pụrụ iche maka nwanyị nke oge ya. " E ji ihe osise ya zuru ezu nke mkpokoro mee ihe iji gosipụta nsụgharị nna ya nke Lamarck's Genera of Shells . [8][9]

Na 1825, ọ lụrụ John Pelly Atkins, onye na-ere ahịa London West India, onye na-azụ ahịa sheriff, na onye na-akwado ụgbọ okporo ígwè; N'ime otu afọ a, ọ kwagara Halstead Place, ụlọ ezinụlọ Atkins na Halstead, na nso Sevenoaks, Kent.[8][10] Ha enweghị ụmụ.[11] Atkins gbasoro mmasị ya na botany site na ịnakọta osisi kpọrọ nkụ, nke nwere ike iji mee ihe dị ka foto mgbe e mesịrị.[8] A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu London Botanical Society na 1839.[12]

Foto

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John George Children na John Pelly Atkins bụ enyi William Henry Fox Talbot.[8] Anna Atkins mụtara kpọmkwem site na Talbot banyere abụọ n'ime ihe ndị o mepụtara metụtara foto: usoro "photogenic drawing" (nke a na-etinye ihe na akwụkwọ na-emetụta ìhè ma kpughee ya n'anyanwụ iji mepụta onyinyo).[13][14]

A maara Atkins dị ka onye nwere ike ịnweta igwefoto site na 1841. [8] Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na-ekwu na Atkins bụ nwanyị mbụ na-ese foto, [3] [4] [5] ebe ndị ọzọ na-ekwu maka aha a bụ Constance Fox Talbot. [4] [6][15][16][17][18] Ebe ọ bụ na enweghị foto ndị dabeere na igwefoto nke Anna Atkins, [8] ma ọ bụ foto nke Constance Talbot, nwere ike ọ gaghị edozi nsogbu ahụ.[17]

Foto nke British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions

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foto cyanotype nke Atkins mere nke bụ akụkụ nke akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 1843, Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype ImpressionsFoto nke British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions

Sir John Herschel, enyi nke Atkins na Children, chepụtara usoro foto cyanotype na 1842.. [1] N'ime otu afọ, Atkins tinyere usoro ahụ na algae (karịsịa, seaweed) site n'ime foto cyanotype nke e bipụtara [1] "site na itinye algae a na-etinyeghị n'elu akwụkwọ cyanotype". [5]

Nkọwa nke isiokwu peeji nke Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype ImpressionsFoto nke British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions

Atkins bipụtara foto ya n'onwe ya na nke mbụ nke Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions na Ọktoba 1843. [2] O mere atụmatụ inye ihe atụ nye William Henry Harvey's A Manual of British Algae nke e bipụtara na 1841. [19]Ọ bụ ezie na e bipụtara ya na nzuzo, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke mbipụta, yana ederede ejiri aka dee, Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions ka a na-ewere dị ka akwụkwọ mbụ ejiri ihe onyonyo eserese gosi. [2] [3][4][20]

Mgbe ọnwa asatọ gachara, na June 1844, a tọhapụrụ akwụkwọ mbụ nke William Henry Fox Talbot's The Pencil of Nature; akwụkwọ ahụ bụ "akwụkwọ mbụ e sere foto nke e bipụtara n'ahịa" [21] ma ọ bụ "akwụkwọ izizi e bipụtara na ahịa nke e sere foto". [22]

Atkins mepụtara ngụkọta nke mpịakọta atọ nke Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions n'etiti 1843 na 1853. [23] Naanị mbipụta iri na asaa nke akwụkwọ ahụ ka a maara na ọ dị, n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke izu ezu.[24] Ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-ejide mbipụta ugbu a, n'etiti ndị ọzọ:[5][7]

  • British Library, London, nke na-enye nyocha nke peeji 429 nke mbipụta ya (nke nwere mpempe akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ) n'ịntanetị. O gosipụtara mpịakọta ndị a na British Museum site na J. E. Gray n'etiti afọ 1843 na 1853. [25]
  • Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow, Scotland. [26]
  • Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.[27]
  • New York Public Library, nke na-enye nyocha nke peeji 285 nke mbipụta ya n'ịntanetị. [28][29]
  • The Royal Society, London, nke a na-eche na ọ bụ naanị akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka Atkins bu n'obi. [24][30]
  • Victoria na Albert Museum, London, nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ mbụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ ha.
  • The Linnean Society of London, nke akwụkwọ ya enweghị akụkụ nke 7 nke Mpịakọta 1.[31]
  • Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie na Ogige Horniman nwere akwụkwọ zuru ezu nke nwere peeji 14 nke ederede na efere 443. O nyere efere ndị ọzọ nwere ihe oyiyi nke otu ụdị ahụ mgbe ọ chọtara ihe atụ ka mma, a na-ejigidekwa ihe ndị a na mbipụta a.[19]
  • Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. [32]
  • Mahadum Montreal, Montreal [33]

Otu akwụkwọ nke nwere efere 411 na mpịakọta atọ rere maka £ 133,500 na ire ere na 1996. [7][23] Otu akwụkwọ ọzọ nwere mbipụta 382 na mpịakọta abụọ nke onye ọkà mmụta sayensị Robert Hunt (1807-1887) rere maka £ 229,250 na ire ere na 2004.[24]

N'afọ 2018, Ọbá Akwụkwọ Ọha na New York meghere ihe ngosi banyere ndụ na ọrụ Atkins, na-egosi nsụgharị dị iche iche nke Photographs of British Algae . [34][35]

Ndụ na ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị

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Cyanotype photogram nke Wood Horsetail site na akwụkwọ 1853 Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Ferns nke Atkins na Dixon

Na mgbakwunye na Photographs of British Algae, Atkins bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ise n'etiti 1852 na 1863.[36][37] Ndị a gụnyere The Perils of Fashion, Murder will Out: akụkọ nke ndụ n'ezie, na A Page from the Peerage.

N'afọ 1850, Atkins so Anne Dixon (1799-1864), onye "dị ka nwanne nwanyị" ya rụkọọ ọrụ, iji mepụta ọ dịkarịa ala abọm ngosi atọ nke foto cyanotype: [5]

  • Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Ferns (1853), ugbu a na J. Paul Getty Museum;
  • Cyanotypes of British and Foreign Flowering Plants and Ferns (1854), nke ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ndị nchịkọta dị iche iche nwere peeji nke ya.
  • Otu abọm e dere maka "Captain Henry Dixon," nwa nwanne Anne Dixon (1861).

Atkins jigidere algae, ferns na osisi ndị ọzọ o jiri rụọ ọrụ ya na 1865 nyere onyinye ahụ n'aka British Museum..[38]

Ọ nwụrụ na Halstead Place na 1871 site na "paralysis, rheumatism, na ike ọgwụgwụ" mgbe ọ dị afọ 72. [5]

N'omenala a ma ama

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N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2015, ihe nchọgharị ịntanetị Google mere emume nchọgharị afọ 216 nke Atkins site na itinye ihe oyiyi Google Doodle nke ọdịdị akwụkwọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'azụ gbara ọchịchịrị na ibe ọchụchọ ya iji nọchite anya ọrụ cyanoprint ya.[39][40]

Ọrụ Atkins bụ isi ihe na New Realities Photography na ngosi nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke emere na Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, June - September 2017.[41]

Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

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Hụkwa

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  • Usoro oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị

Edemsibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Art encyclopedia. The Concise Grove Dictionary of Art. Anna Atkins. Oxford University Press (2002). DOI:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T004852. Retrieved on 15 March 2019."Art encyclopedia. The Concise Grove Dictionary of Art. Anna Atkins". Oxford University Press. 2002. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T004852. ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Parr (2004). The Photobook: a history. London: Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-4285-0. Parr, Martin; Badger, Gerry (2004). The Photobook: a history. Vol. 1. London: Phaidon. ISBN 0-7148-4285-0.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 James (2009). The Book of Alternative Photographic Processes, 2nd, Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4180-7372-5. Retrieved on 11 August 2009. James, Christopher (2009). The Book of Alternative Photographic Processes (2nd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4180-7372-5. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Seeing is believing. 700 years of scientific and medical illustration. Photography. Cyanotype photograph. Anna Atkins (1799–1871).", New York Public Library, 23 October 1999. Retrieved on 11 August 2009."Seeing is believing. 700 years of scientific and medical illustration. Photography. Cyanotype photograph. Anna Atkins (1799–1871)". New York Public Library. 23 October 1999. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Atkins (1985). Sun Gardens: Victorian photograms. New York: Aperture. ISBN 0-89381-203-X. Atkins, Anna; Schaaf, Larry J.; Kraus, Hans P. Jr. (1985). Sun Gardens: Victorian photograms. New York: Aperture. ISBN 0-89381-203-X.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Clarke (1997). The Photograph. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-284248-X. Clarke, Graham (1997). The Photograph. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-284248-X.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Ware (1999). Cyanotype: the future, science and art of photographic printing in Prussian blue. National Museum of Photography, Film & Television. Ware, Mike (1999). Cyanotype: the future, science and art of photographic printing in Prussian blue. National Museum of Photography, Film & Television.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Halstead Parish Council. Parish history: Anna Atkins. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.Halstead Parish Council. "Parish history: Anna Atkins". Retrieved 11 August 2009.
  9. ↑ Historic figures. Anna Atkins (1799–1871). BBC. Archived from the original on 22 December 2005. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  10. ↑ Schaaf (1979). "The First Photographically Printed and Illustrated Book". The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 73 (2). DOI:10.1086/pbsa.73.2.24302456. ISSN 0006-128X. 
  11. ↑ John Pelly Atkins. Legacies of British Slave-Ownership. University College London. Retrieved on 16 March 2015.
  12. ↑ Hannavy (16 December 2013). Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography (in en). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-87327-1. 
  13. ↑ Ocean flowers: Anna Atkins's cyanotypes of British algae. New York Public Library Digital Gallery. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  14. ↑ Roger Taylor (2007). Impressed by the Light: British Photographs from Paper Negatives, 1840–1860. NY, Metropolitan Museum of Art. 
  15. ↑ Cumming. "Things aren't what they seem. The V&A's exhibition of its vast photo archive shows how the camera can transform even the humblest object", The Observer, 10 March 2002. Retrieved on 13 August 2009.
  16. ↑ Glauber. "Book review. Seizing the light: a history of photography", F2 eZine, April–June 2001. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Smith. Talbot, Constance: Woman at forefront of photography. Derby Evening Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  18. ↑ Gover (1988). The positive image: women photographers in turn of the century America. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-533-3. Retrieved on 11 August 2009. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Anna Atkins & Algae: Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions.. Horniman Museum and Gardens. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved on 26 February 2020.. Horniman Museum and Gardens. Archived from on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  20. ↑ Peres (2007). The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography: Digital Imaging, Theory and Applications, History, and Science, 4th, Amsterdam and Boston: Elsevier/Focal Press. ISBN 978-0-240-80740-9. 
  21. ↑ Glasgow University Library (February 2007). Book of the month. William Henry Fox Talbot. The Pencil of Nature. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  22. ↑ William Henry Fox Talbot: The Pencil of Nature (1994.197.1-.6). Timeline of Art History. Metropolitan Museum of Art (October 2006). Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Rare book by woman pioneer goes to auction", The Guardian (London), 19 June 1996."Rare book by woman pioneer goes to auction". The Guardian (London). 19 June 1996.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Anna Atkins (1799–1871), Photographs of British Algæ. Cyanotype Impressions., Robert Hunt's copy. Christie's Inc (19 May 2004). Retrieved on 13 August 2009."Anna Atkins (1799–1871), Photographs of British Algæ. Cyanotype Impressions., Robert Hunt's copy". Christie's Inc. 19 May 2004. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
  25. ↑ Catalogue of photographically illustrated books. Atkins, Anna. Photographs of British algae. Cyanotype impressions.. British Library. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  26. ↑ Genocchio. "Art review; Where art and botany coupled, photography evolved", New York Times, 4 July 2004. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  27. ↑ Works of art. Photographs. Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  28. ↑ Catalog entry for Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions. New York Public Library. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  29. ↑ NYPL digital gallery. Browse source titles. Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions. New York Public Library. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  30. ↑ Still life. Royal Society. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  31. ↑ Catalog entry for Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions. The Linnean Society of London. Retrieved on 18 January 2014.
  32. ↑ Rijksmuseum acquires PHOTO Book by First Female Photographer. Rijksmuseum. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved on 14 May 2018.
  33. ↑ Photographs of British algae: cyanotype impressions. Université de Montréal Library. Université de Montréal. Retrieved on 2 March 2019.
  34. ↑ Blue Prints: The Pioneering Photographs of Anna Atkins. New York Public Library. Retrieved on 2 March 2019.
  35. ↑ Farago. "She Needed No Camera to Make the First Book of Photographs", New York Times, 15 November 2018. Retrieved on 2 March 2019.
  36. ↑ Boase (1908). Atkins, Anna. Modern English biography. Volume IV. Netherton and Worth. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  37. ↑ New general catalog of old books and authors. Author names starting with At. Retrieved on 11 August 2009.
  38. ↑ Moorhead. "Blooming marvellous: the world's first female photographer – and her botanical beauties", The Guardian, Guardian News and Media Limited, 23 June 2017. Retrieved on 24 June 2017.
  39. ↑ "Anna Atkins: Google Doodle celebrates 216th birthday of botanist who produced first photographic book", The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media Ltd, 16 March 2015. Retrieved on 16 March 2015.
  40. ↑ Anna Atkins' 216th Birthday. Google Doodle Archive. Retrieved on 2 March 2019.
  41. ↑ New Realities. Photography in the Nineteenth Century. Retrieved on 24 June 2017.
  • Armstrong (2004). Ocean flowers: impressions from nature. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11948-1. 
  • Atkins, Anna; Rolf Sachsse, na Marion Blomeyer (2021) Anna Atkins: Blue Prints. Nke Russell Stockman sụgharịrị. Munich: Hirmer. ISBN 9783777438283  
  • Gerhard Bissell, Atkins, Anna, na: Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon (Ndị na-ese ihe nke Ụwa), Suppl. I, Saur, Munich 2005, site na peeji nke 514 (n'asụsụ German). 
  • Schaaf (1985). Sun gardens: Victorian photograms. New York: Aperture. ISBN 0-89381-203-X. OCLC 433088631. 
  • Schaaf (2018). Sun gardens: cyanotypes by Anna Atkins. New York: New York Public Library. ISBN 978-3-7913-5798-0. OCLC 1057896789. 

Njikọ mpụga

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