Anna Maria Walker

 

Watercolour nke Anna Maria Walker nke Acanthephippium bicolor

Anna Maria Walker (née Patton) (ihe dị ka 1778-1852) na di ya Colonel George Warren Walker (1778-1843) bụ ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ nke Scotland na Ceylon (nke bụ Sri Lanka ugbu a) bụ ndị mere nnukwu nchịkọta osisi n'etiti 1830 na 1838. Ọtụtụ ụdị ferns na orchids bụ onye Sir William depụtara aha ha na Hooker. Ha na ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ na mpaghara ahụ dị ka Robert Wight gbakọkwara akwụkwọ ozi ma rụkọọ ọrụ. Anna Maria bụkwa onye na-ese ihe n'ihe ọkụkụ nke gosipụtara ọtụtụ ụdị orchids.. Ụdị osisi ndị a gụrụ aha ha gụnyere Vanilla walkeriae, Liparis walkeriae na Thrixspermum walkeri.

Akụkọ ndụ

Ma eleghị anya, a mụrụ Anna Maria Patton na 1778 na Kinaldy, Fife, na Scotland. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke atọ (nke iri) nke ụmụ 17 nke Constantia Adriana Sally Mapletoft na Colonel Robert Patton. Patton abụrụla onye odeakwụkwọ ndị agha nye Gọvanọ atọ-General nke India, onye ikpeazụ bụ Warren Hastings, wee nweta ego zuru ezu iji zụta Kinaldy, laghachi na ezinụlọ ezinụlọ - nna ya Philip Patton bụ enyi Adam Smith., ebe ọ bụ onye nchịkọta omenala na Kirkcaldy. N'afọ 1797, ndị Patton kwagara Castle Street, Edinburgh, ebe ha banyere n'òtù ndị na-ede akwụkwọ ma Anna gara ozizi nke Rev. Sydney Smith. Ego ya gwụrụ, a hapụrụ Kinaldy ma họpụta Colonel Patton dị ka Gọvanọ nke agwaetiti St Helena nke ndịda Atlantic na 1801; Anna Maria na ụmụnne ya nwanyị Sarah na Jessy, sonyeere ya dị ka ndị na-elekọta ụlọ. N'ebe ahụ, ụmụnne nwanyị ahụ zutere ndị na-agafe agafe - gụnyere Lord Valentia na onye na-ese ihe ya Henry Salt; nna ya họpụtara William John Burchell dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ n'àgwàetiti ahụ - ya mere Anna Maria nwere ike ịnwe ọzụzụ botanical na nka na St Helena. nna ya họpụtara William John Burchell ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ n'agwaetiti ahụ - yabụ Anna Maria nwere ike nweta ọzụzụ nkuzi na nka n'oge na St Helena. Nwanne ya nwanyị Sarah lụrụ onye isi ndị agha nke mechara bụrụ Sir Henry Torrens ebe nwanne nwanyị ọzọ Jessy lụrụ John Paterson nwa George Paterson, Madras Nabob nke nwere Castle Huntly, na nso Dundee. Na-atụ anya ịgbaso ihe nlereanya ha Anna Maria gara India ebe ọ lụrụ Captain Walker, na 1819 ha kwagara Ceylon. N'afọ 1820, Anna Maria rịgoro n'elu Adam's Peak, nke e weere na ọ bụ nwanyị ọcha mbụ mere otú ahụ.

A mụrụ George Warren Walker, na 25 Machị 1778, nwa nwoke nke isii nke Rev. Benjamin Walker, Vicar nke Northallerton, Yorkshire na Isabella (née Warren). Ọ banyere na ndị agha Britain na 1799 ma bụrụ Lieutenant na 8th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (King's Royal Irish) na 1801 wee soro ha gaa India n'afọ sochirinụ. Ọ hụrụ ọrụ siri ike n'okpuru General Lake na Agha Anglo-Maratha nke Abụọ, na n'okpuru Major-General Sir Robert Rollo Gillespie na Agha Anglo-Gurkha. Na 20 Julaị 1809 ọ lụrụ Anna Maria Patton na Chunar na Uttar Pradesh nke oge a. N'ịbụ onye e buliri n'ọkwa Lt. Colonel na 1818, n'afọ sochirinụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Deputy Adjutant General of Ceylon; ndị Walkers kwagara ebe ahụ ma nọrọ ebe ahụ (ma e wezụga ezumike na Britain 1826-9) ruo n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1838. A họpụtara Walker ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke 21st Regiment of North British Fusiliers, nke ọ weghaara na Madras ma soro gaa Bengal. N'afọ 1840, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Brigadier na-achịkwa Meerut Station (n'oge ahụ o nwere ọkwa nke Major General na ntọala East Indies), ruo n'afọ 1843 mgbe a kpọfere 21st na Madras Presidency. Ka ọ na-echere iwu ọhụrụ ọ nwụrụ na 4 Disemba 1843, na St Thomas Mount, Madras, ebe e liri ya. Nwunye ya di ya nwụrụ guzobere mbadamba nkume na chọọchị Northallerton.

Oge ezumike nke Edinburgh

Mgbe ihe dị ka afọ isii gasịrị, ndị Walkers laghachiri Britain na ezumike, wee gbazite ụlọ na Carlton Street e wuru ọhụrụ, nso Royal Botanic Garden na Edinburgh. Ha ga-abụrịrị na ha na-achọ ihe ntụrụndụ iji jiri oge ha mee ihe nke ọma mgbe ha laghachiri Ceylon ma zute Robert Graham, Prọfesọ nke Botany na Regius Keeper nke Botanic Garden, na William Jackson Hooker, Prọfọfesọ Glasgow nke Botany. O yikarịrị ka mmekọrịta a mere ka di na nwunye ahụ were ọrụ ahụ mgbe ha laghachiri n'inye ụdị herbarium, mkpụrụ, na osisi ndị dị ndụ maka Edinburgh Botanic Garden na maka herbaria nke Graham na Hooker. Colonel Walker onye mbụ laghachiri na Ceylon degaara Anna akwụkwọ ka ọ mụta ise ihe osise botanical ka o wee nwee ike idekọ ụdị ndị na-emebi emebi mgbe ha malitere ịchọpụta na ịnakọta.

Ịchịkọta Ihe na Ceylon

N'oge na-adịghị anya, ndị Walkers malitere iziga nnukwu ihe na Edinburgh na Glasgow. A na-edekọ onyinye ndị a n'akwụkwọ ozi ndị na-eso nnyefe dị oke ọnụ, nke dabere na ezi uche nke ndị isi ụgbọ mmiri. Hooker na Graham emeghị ihe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ịkwado onyinye ha ọ bụ ezie na Hooker mechara nye ha akwụkwọ na microscope. Ndị Walkers na-adabere na Colombo, isi ụlọ ọrụ Britain dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Ceylon, mana ha nwere oge ugboro ugboro na Kandy, n'etiti etiti ihe ọkụkụ na-adọrọ mmasị nke agwaetiti ahụ. N'oge a, a na-arụ ọrụ iwu okporo ụzọ dị ukwuu, ebe alaeze nke Kandy adaala n'aka ndị Britain n'oge na-adịbeghị anya - nke a mere ka ha nwee ike ịbanye n'ebe ndị bara ọgaranya na-anakọta ihe, ọkachasị gburugburu ọdụ ugwu nke Nuwara Eliya. Ndị Walkers mere njem abụọ dị mkpa: njem izu abụọ gaa, na ịrịgo nke, Adam's Peak na 1833, na njem izu itoolu gburugburu ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke agwaetiti ahụ na 1837. Oriakụ Walker zigara Hooker akwụkwọ akụkọ nke njem abụọ ahụ, nke o bipụtara.

Ọrụ taxonomic na nchịkọta

Liparis walkeriae nke Robert Graham kpọrọ aha Anna Maria

Hooker na Graham ji ọrụ n'aka nke ukwuu ịrụ ọrụ na mkpokọta nke Walker ma nyefee ọrụ ahụ na George Arnott Walker-Arnott, onye 'free-lance' botanist iji depụta ụdị ọhụrụ nke mkpokọta mbụ Walkers. E bipụtara ihe ndị a n'asụsụ Latịn n'okpuru aha Pugillus Plantarum Indiae Orientalis, na oge German na-adịghị ahụkebe, ma e bipụtara ya dị ka preprint gburugburu April 1837. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị ọhụrụ ọ kọwara bụ aha Colonel Walker gụnyere Desmodium Walker (nke bụ Desmodium cajanifolium), Sykesia walkeri (ugbu a Gaertnerarant walkeri), Pnowlerictium Walker, Pinger. Walker, Senecio walkeri (ugbu a Cissampelopsis spelaeicola), Dipsacus walkeri, Hedyotis walkeri, Zornia walkeri na Crotalaria walkeri. Arnott bipụtakwara otu akwụkwọ banyere ọtụtụ Impatiens mara mma ndị Walkers chọpụtara, na akwụkwọ banyere Osbeckia na Sonerila, ụdị nke ezinụlọ Melastomataceae. Hooker bipụtara ụfọdụ n'ime akwụkwọ ọhụrụ Walker, na onye Germany na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ Christian Nees von Esenbeck ndị otu ha nke ezinụlọ Acanthaceae, karịsịa nke ụdị Strobilanthes nke ndị Walkers nwere mmasị karịsịa n'ihi omume ya nke ịgbanwee okooko osisi mgbe ọtụtụ afọ gasịrị. karịsịa nke genus Strobilanthes nke ndị Walkers nwere mmasị karịsịa n'ihi àgwà ya nke okooko osisi synchronous mgbe ọdịiche nke ọtụtụ afọ gasịrị. Enyi ndị Walkers Robert Wight, onye dọkịta na-awa East India Company nke dabere na South India, bụ onye letara ha na Ceylon na 1836, ebipụtakwara ụfọdụ eserese Oriakụ Walker, wee dabere ụdị ọhụrụ na ụdị ha. Ndị ọzọ na-abụghị akwụkwọ akụkọ ya abụọ Oriakụ Walker ebipụtaghị ihe ọ bụla, ọ ga-abụrịrị na o wutere ya na Hooker emeghị ihe ọ bụla na eserese orchid ya ziri ezi. Henry Noltie dekọtara ụdị ụdịdị (na RBGE, Kew na Geneva), ihe osise Oriakụ Walker (na RBGE, Kew na Natural History Museum), ma bipụta ndegharị akwụkwọ ozi Walker niile edere n'etiti 1829 na 1851 na 2013.

Ụbọchị Ikpeazụ na India

General Walker nọrọ afọ abụọ nke ọrụ agha ya na mbara ala nke ugwu India, na mmasị ha na-amụ banyere ihe ọkụkụ belatara ma ọrụ ha na-eme mgbe ụfọdụ gụnyere njem gaa Mussoorie na ala ugwu Himalayan na June 1841. Site n'ebe a, ha zigara Hooker ihe atụ, mana ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ụdị a ma ama dịka Hooker emeghị ihe ọ bụla n'oge ahụ ma bipụtaghị ogologo akwụkwọ ozi ya banyere njem a. Mgbe General Walker nwụsịrị, Anna Maria nọgidere na India ebe anọ n'ime ụmụ ha asaa bi - ụmụ ya nwoke na-arụ ọrụ agha ma ọ bụ ọrụ gọọmentị. Ọ nọrọ ụbọchị ikpeazụ ya na Mangalore, na Malabar Coast, ya na nwa ya nwoke Warren, ebe ọ nwụrụ, mgbe ọ dị afọ 74, na 8 Septemba 1852; ili ya ka dị na ili nke ụlọ ụka St Paul.

Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara

• [Walker, A.W] (1835). "Journal of an ascent to the summit of Adam's Peak, Ceylon.". Companion to the Botanical Magazine 1: 3–14. 
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke njem na Ceylon. Journal of Botany 2: 223-56.

Njikọ mpụga

• Akwụkwọ ozi e degaara Hooker - 1 2 3
• Akwụkwọ banyere ndụ ndị Walkers: Colonel na Mrs Walker: Ceylon 1830-1838