Annie Lorrain Smith

Annie Lorrain Smith (23 Ọktoba 1854 – 7 Septemba 1937) bụ ọkà mmụta lichen nke Britain nke Lichens (1921) bụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ dị mkpa ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. Ọ bụkwa onye mycologist na onye nchoputa nke British Mycological Society, ebe ọ jere ozi dị ka onye isi ala maka oge abụọ.

Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ

ya na ezi na ụlọ ya biri na ime obodo Dumfriesshire ebe nna ya Walter bụ onye ozi ụka efu nke Scotland na Half Morton parish dị kilomita ole na ole n'ebe ugwu Gretna Green. Nne ya bụ Annie Lorrain née Brown.[1] O nwere ọtụtụ ụmụnne nwere nkà, gụnyere ọkà mmụta ọrịa, Prọfesọ James Lorrain Smith.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Edinburgh ọ gara mba ọzọ ka ọ mụọ French na German, wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ọchịchị. Ọ kwagara Lọndọn, malite ịmụ ihe gbasara ahịhịa n'ihe dịka 1878 gara ọmụmụ na Royal College of Science nke DH Scott kuziri.

Ọrụ

Scott chọtara ọrụ maka Lorrain-Smith na Natural History Museum iji dozie nchịkọta Anton de Bary nke slides nke microscopical fungi, Maroske (2018-03-01). "Naming names: the first women taxonomists in mycology". Studies in Mycology 89: 63–84. DOI:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.001. ISSN 0166-0616. PMID 29910514. Maroske, Sara; May, Tom W. (1 March 2018). "Naming names: the first women taxonomists in mycology". Studies in Mycology. Leading women in fungal biology. 89: 63–84. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.001. ISSN 0166-0616. PMC 6002341. PMID 29910514.</ref> mana a ghaghị ịkwụ ya ụgwọ site na ego pụrụ iche n'ihi na ụmụ nwanyị enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka ịchọpụta ọtụtụ n'ime fungus ndị rutere na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie. Ọ chọpụtara ma kọọ banyere fungi ọhụrụ a chịkọtara, nke si mba ọzọ nakwa site na UK, ma rụọ ọrụ na cryptogamic herbarium nke ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie site na 1892 ruo 1933. O bipụtara akwụkwọ dị iche iche site na 1895 ruo 1920.

Smith duziri nyocha lichen nke Clare Island, nke dị na mpụga Clew Bay na Ireland, na 1910 na 1911. Nnyocha Clare Island gụnyere ọ bụghị naanị ndị Irish kamakwa ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Europe bụ ndị niile na-ele akụkụ dị iche iche nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agwaetiti ahụ. A na-eto ndị otu ahụ na ọrụ mbụ e mere iji gosipụta otu mpaghara biogeographic. N'afọ 1921, Smith dere akwụkwọ Handbook of British Lichens nke nwere ihe osise nke bụ isi ihe maka British lichens niile a maara. N'otu afọ ahụ, e bipụtara Lichens ma guzobe ya ngwa ngwa dị ka ederede ochie.

 Ọkọlọtọ ndebiri nke ode akwụkwọ A.L.Sm. a na-eji gosi onye a dị ka odee mgbe ọ na-ehota aha botanical.

Nsọpụrụ

Na Disemba 1904 a họpụtara ya dịka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ Fellows nke Linnaean Society (ndị ọzọ gụnyere Ethel Sargant na Margaret Jane Benson) mgbe mgbanwe na iwu nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. O mechara bụrụ onye otu kansụl ha (1918 -1921). Ọ bụ onye guzOBE British Mycological Society ma bụrụ onye isi oche ugboro abụọ (1907, 1917). N'afọ 1931, mgbe ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri asaa na asaa, e nyere ya ezumike nká "n'ihi ọrụ ya na sayensị botanical" ma ọ lara ezumike nkwe n'afọ sochirinụ. N'afọ 1934, OBE bịara: "Miss Annie Lorrain-Smith, F. L. S. maka onyinye na mycology na lichenology. "

Ihe ọmụma ndị ọzọ

Ọ raara onwe ya nye ihe gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ikike ụmụ nwanyị ma nwee mmasị na njem mba ọzọ. Ya na nwanne ya nwanyị tọrọ ya biri afọ iri ise ma ọnwụ ya na 1933 metụtara ya. Lorrain Smith lara ezumike nká na 1934 wee nwụọ na London na 1937.

Akara aha ya

Matilda Cullen Knowles nyere fungus Verrucaria lorrain-smithiae aha ya.Maroske (2018-03-01). "Naming names: the first women taxonomists in mycology". Studies in Mycology 89: 63–84. DOI:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.001. ISSN 0166-0616. PMID 29910514. Maroske, Sara; May, Tom W. (1 March 2018). "Naming names: the first women taxonomists in mycology". Studies in Mycology. Leading women in fungal biology. 89: 63–84. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.12.001. ISSN 0166-0616. PMC 6002341. PMID 29910514.</ref>

Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ

• Crombie (1894). A Monograph of Lichens Found in Britain: Being a Descriptive Catalogue of the Species in the Herbarium of the British Museum, Part 1. London: British Museum (Natural History). 
• Wrigley (1911). Studies of Trees and Flowers. Methuen. 
• Smith (1911). A Monograph of Lichens Found in Britain: Being a Descriptive Catalogue of the Species in the Herbarium of the British Museum, Volume 2. London, Trustees of the British Museum. 
• Smith (1921). Lichens. University Press. 
• [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke British lichens. Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Britain

Hụkwa

• Ụdị:Taxa aha ya bụ Annie Lorrain Smith
• Usoro oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị

Njikọ mpụga

Mgbasa ozi metụtaraAnnie Lorrain Smithna Wikimedia Commons

• Ihe ndekọ Scotsman
• The Admission of Ladies - postscript to a Linnaean Society biography of Irene Manton by Barry Leadbetter (Blackwell 2004)