Arawan
'Arawa' (nke a na-akpọkwa 'Arawan', Arauan, Arawán, Arawa, Arauán) bụ ezinụlọ asụsụ ndị a na-asụ n'ọdịda anyanwụ Brazil (Amazonas, Acre) na Peru (Ucayali).
Mmekọrịta asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Jolkesky (2016) na-ekwu na enwere myirịta okwu dị na Chapakura-Wañam, Jivaro, Kwaza, Maku, Mura-Matanawi, Taruma, Yanomami, Arawak, Nadahup, Puinave-Kak, na ezinụlọ asụsụ Tupi n'ihi kọntaktị.
Nkewa ezinụlọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ Arauan dị n'ime otu narị na iri abụọ:
Jolkesky (2016)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nchịkọta n'ime site na Jolkesky (2016):
(† = agwụla)
Dienst (2010)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nchịkọta n'ime ụlọ site na Dienst (2010):
Mason (1950)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nchịkọta nke Arauá n'ime site na Mason (1950):[1]
Ụdị ndị ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Himarimã - asụsụ a na-eche na Ndị Himarimã na-asụ n'akụkụ Osimiri Piranha n'etiti Osimiri Juruá na Osimiri Purus. [2][3] Site na akaebe Suruwahá na Banawá, yana ndepụta okwu furu efu, a kwenyere na ọ bụ Arawan.[4]
Loukotka (1968)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụdị dị iche iche nke Loukotka depụtara (1968): [5]
- Purupurú - asụsụ na-adịghịzi adị nke a na-asụ n'otu mpaghara ahụ n'akụkụ ala nke Osimiri Purus. (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe)
- Uainamari / Wainamarí - asụsụ na-adịghịzi adị nke a na-asụ na Osimiri Inauini, nke na-esite n'elu Osimiri Purus. (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe)
- Uatanari / Watanarí - a na-asụbu ya na Osimiri Ituxi na Osimiri Sepatini n'otu mpaghara ahụ; ugbu a ma eleghị anya ọ kwụsịrị. (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe)
- Sewacu - a na-asụbu ya na Osimiri Pauini, ugbu a n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke Osimiri Purus n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke ọnụ Osimiri Sepatini. (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe)
- Pamana - a na-asụbu ya na Osimiri Ituxi na Osimiri Mucuim dị nso n'Ọdọ Mmiri Agaam, otu mpaghara ahụ; ugbu a o yikarịrị ka ọ dịghịzi. (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe)
- Amamati - asụsụ a na-asụbu na Osimiri Mucuim n'ebe ugwu nke agbụrụ Pamana. (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe)
- Yuberí / Xubiri - a na-asụbu ya n'etiti Osimiri Purus n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke ọnụ Osimiri Mamoriá na gburugburu Ọdọ Mmiri Abunini, ugbu a na ala nke Osimiri Tapauá, otu mpaghara ahụ. (Unattested) Ndepụta okwu nke aha asụsụ a, nke Johann Natterer "edekọ", bụ ihe efu.[6]
- Sipó / Cipo - asụsụ na-adịghịzi adị nke a na-asụ n'ebe ugwu nke agbụrụ Yuberi na Osimiri Tapaua. (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe)
- Curina / Kurina / Kólö - asụsụ a na-asụ na mpaghara abụọ; nke mbụ, n'akụkụ aka nri nke Osimiri Juruá, n'ofe Osimiri Marari na n'elu Osimiri Tapauá; nke abụọ, na Osimiri Eiru na Osimiri Gregorio na n'akụkụ ekpe nke Osimiri Muru, ókèala Acre, Brazil.
- Madiha - a na-asụ ya n'Osimiri Eiru dị nso na Bom Jardim, Amazonas.
- Catiana - asụsụ a na-asụbu na Osimiri Iaco, Acre. (Ọ bụghị ihe akaebe)
Okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Loukotka (1968) depụtara ihe ndị dị mkpa na-esonụ. [5]
Asụsụ Mbụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndị a họọrọ Proto-Arawá (Proto-Arawan) reconstructions nke aha osisi na anụmanụ site na Dixon (2004):
Flora
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Anụmanụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Anụ na-enye nwa ara
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nnụnụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Azụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Anụmanụ ndị ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ntinye nrụgide, nhazi mkpụrụedemede, na ịdị ala na Banawá. International Journal of American Linguistics, 59 (1), 280-293.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1997). Asụsụ ndị American Indian: Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asụsụ ndị American Indian. New York: Oxford University Press. .
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Nrụzigharị n'ime nke nsonaazụ oge na Jarawara. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Asụsụ Jarawara nke ndịda Amazon. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-927067-8.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Proto-Arawá phonology. Anthropological Linguistics, 46, 1-83.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1990). Akụkọ asụsụ na South America: Ihe anyị maara na otu esi ama ihe ndị ọzọ. Na D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13-67). Austin: Mahadum nke Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1994). Asụsụ ala nke South America. Na C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46-76). London: Routledge.
- Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu asụsụ abụọ n'asụsụ Paumarí na Portuguese. Porto Velho: International Society of Linguistics.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Dicionário Dení Português (na mmeghe ụtọ asụsụ). Porto Velho: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Diccionario kulina-Portuguese na Portuguese-kulina (asụsụ nke Igarapé do Anjo). Acre: Kansụl Indigenista Missionario.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Dicionário suruwahá-Portuguese na okwu Portuguese- suruwahá. Hawaii: Mahadum nke Mba.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Jarawara - Portuguese. Cuiabá: SIL.
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Mason (1950). "The languages of South America", in Steward: Handbook of South American Indians. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143, 157–317.
- ↑ Himarimã (en). Ethnologue. Retrieved on 2022-05-23.
- ↑ Isolated Indians.. Povos Indígenas no Brasil.. Archived from the original on 2012-02-12. Retrieved on 2012-02-12.
- ↑ Hammarström (September 2015). "Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: A comprehensive review: Online appendices" (in en). Language 91 (3): s1–s188. DOI:10.1353/lan.2015.0049. ISSN 1535-0665.
- 1 2 Loukotka (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Loukotka" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Adelaar (2014). "Natterer’s Linguistic Heritage", in Weltmuseum Wien Friends: Archiv 63-64. ISBN 978-3-643-99824-8.