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Aromotherapy

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Aromatherapy bụ omume dabere na iji ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, gụnyere mmanụ dị mkpa na ogige ndị ọzọ na-esi ísì ụtọ, na-ekwu maka ịkwalite ọdịmma nke uche.[1][2][3] A na-eji ya dị ka ọgwụgwọ mgbakwunye ma ọ bụ dị ka ụdị ọgwụ ọzọ, a na-ejikwa ya site na iku ume ọ bụghị site na iri nri..[1]

A naghị anabata ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ a na-eji na aromatherapy dị ka ọgwụ ndenye ọgwụ na United States.[1] Ọ bụ ezie na enweghi ihe akaebe ahụike zuru oke na aromatherapy nwere ike igbochi, gwọọ ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọrịa ọ bụla, [2][3][4] aromatherapy na-eji ụfọdụ ndị nwere ọrịa, dị ka ọrịa cancer, na-enye ahụike n'ozuzu ya na enyemaka site na mgbu, ọgbụgbọ ma ọ bụ nchekasị.[2][3]. Ndị mmadụ nwere ike iji ngwakọta mmanụ dị mkpa dị ka ngwa n'elu, ịhịa aka n'ahụ, iku ume, ma ọ bụ imikpu mmiri.[2][3][5] N'ihi ịdị ala nke ihe akaebe nyocha, ọ ejighị n'aka ma ọ bụrụ na aromatherapy na-enye ndị mmadụ na-enwe ọgbụgbọ mgbe a wachara ya ahụ. [2]

Mmanụ ndị dị mkpa nwere ọtụtụ narị puku kwuru puku ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ, dị ka terpinoids na phenylpropanoids, na iji nyocha nke ọma mmetụta ọgwụ nke ihe mejupụtara mmanụ dị mkpa, a ga-amụrịrị akụkụ nke ọ bụla dịpụrụ adịpụ na mmanụ dị mkpa ahọpụtara. [1][3]

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

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Ojiji mmanụ dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ, ime mmụọ, ịdị ọcha na ebumnuche ọdịnala na-alaghachi na mmepeanya oge ochie gụnyere ndị India, ndị China, ndị Egypt, ndị Gris na ndị Rom bụ ndị ji ha na-eme ihe ịchọ mma, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na ọgwụ. A na-eji mmanụ eme ihe maka ọmarịcha ihe ụtọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịma mma. Ha bụ ihe okomoko na ụzọ ịkwụ ụgwọ. A kwenyere na mmanụ ndị dị mkpa na-abawanye ndụ mmanya ma mee ka uto nke nri dịkwuo mma.

Dioscorides kọwara mmanụ na nkwenye na ha nwere ikike ọgwụgwọ, tinyere nkwenkwe ndị ọzọ nke oge ahụ, na De Materia Medica ya, nke e dere na narị afọ nke mbụ AD.[4] Ndị Ijipt oge ochie jiri mmanụ cedar a na-agbanye n'ime mmiri mee ihe, onye ọkà mmụta Persian nke narị afọ nke iri na otu bụ Ibn Sina nụchara usoro nke ịkpụ mmanụ dị mkpa dị ka rose essence. Hildegard nke Bingen jiri mmanụ lavender distilled maka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ na narị afọ nke iri na abụọ, na narị afọ na iri na ise, a na-ejikarị mmanụ eme ihe site na isi ihe dị iche iche.[5]

N'oge ọgwụ nke oge a, aha "aromatherapy" pụtara na mbụ na mbipụta na 1937 n'akwụkwọ French banyere isiokwu ahụ: Aromathérapie: Les Huiles Essentielles, Hormones Végétales nke René-Maurice Gattefossé, onye na-emepụta ọgwụ. E bipụtara nsụgharị Bekee na 1993.

Jean Valnet, onye dọkịta na-awa ahụ na France, bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ n'iji mmanụ dị mkpa eme ihe maka ọgwụ, nke o ji mee ihe dị ka ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na ọgwụgwọ nke ndị agha merụrụ ahụ n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

Nhọrọ na ịzụta

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Enwere ike ịhazi ngwaahịa aromatherapy, yana mmanụ dị mkpa karịsịa, n'ụzọ dị iche dabere na ebumnuche ha.[1] A na-ahazi ngwaahịa ndị a na-eji ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ na US bụ ndị nchịkwa nri na ọgwụ ọjọọ nke US (FDA); ngwaahịa ndị nwere ihe ịchọ mma ga-enwerịrị ihe nchekwa chọrọ, n'agbanyeghị ebe ha si.[1] Ụlọ ọrụ US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) na-achịkwa nkwupụta mgbasa ozi aromatherapy ọ bụla.[3]

Enweghị ụkpụrụ maka ikpebi ogo mmanụ dị mkpa na United States; ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "ọkwa ọgwụgwọ", ọ nweghị ihe ọ pụtara.[3][6]

Nyochaa site na iji chromatography gas na mass spectrometry ejirila chọpụta ogige bioactive na mmanụ dị mkpa.[1] Usoro ndị a na-enwe ike ịlele ọkwa nke akụrụngwa na akụkụ ole na ole kwa ijeri.[2] Nke a anaghị eme ka o kwe omume ịchọpụta ma akụkụ nke ọ bụla ọ bụ ihe okike ma ọ bụ na mmanụ dara ogbenye 'emeziwanyela' site na mgbakwunye nke aromachemicals sịntetik, mana nke ikpeazụ na-egosipụtakarị site na obere adịghị ọcha dị ugbu a.

Ịdị irè

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Enweghị ihe akaebe na-egosi na aromatherapy nwere ike igbochi ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọrịa ọ bụla, [7] [2] [8] ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịba uru maka ịchịkwa mgbaàmà. [1] [9]

Ihe akaebe maka ịdị irè nke aromatherapy n'ịgwọ ọnọdụ ahụike adịghị mma, na enweghị ọmụmụ ihe na-eji usoro siri ike. [7] [1][2] N'afọ 2015, Ngalaba Ahụike nke Gọọmentị Australia bipụtara nsonaazụ nke nyocha nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ nke chọrọ ịchọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla kwesịrị ekwesị maka Inshọransị ahụike; aromatherapy bụ otu n'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ 17 a nyochara nke a na-achọtaghị ihe akaebe doro anya nke ịdị irè.[10]

Ọtụtụ nyocha sistemụ amụọla ịdị irè nke aromatherapy n'ihe gbasara njikwa ihe mgbu n'oge a na-amụ nwa, [11] ọgwụgwọ nke agbọ onunu na ịgbọ agbọ, [2] ijikwa omume ịma aka na ndị na-arịa ọrịa uche, [12] na enyemaka mgbaàmà na ọrịa kansa. [13]

Dị ka US National Cancer Institute si kwuo, ọ dịghị nnyocha ọ bụla e bipụtara banyere aromatherapy na ọgwụgwọ ọrịa kansa na akwụkwọ sayensị a na-enyocha ndị ọgbọ. A na-agwakọta nsonaazụ maka ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Ụfọdụ gosipụtara ụra ka mma, nchegbu, ọnọdụ uche, agbọ onunu, na ihe mgbu, ebe ndị ọzọ gosipụtara enweghị mgbanwe na mgbaàmà.[14][9][15]

Nchegbu maka nchekwa

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  Aromatherapy na-ebu ọtụtụ ihe ize ndụ nke mmetụta ọjọọ; jikọtara ya na enweghị ihe akaebe nke uru ọgwụgwọ ya, omume ahụ bara uru.[16]

Ọtụtụ nnyocha enyochawo nchegbu na mmanụ ndị dị mkpa na-etinye uche nke ukwuu ma nwee ike ịkpasu akpụkpọ ahụ iwe mgbe ejiri ya n'ụdị a na-agbanyeghị agbanye, nke a na-akpọkarị itinye ya n'ọrụ. [3] [17] Ya mere, a na-ejikarị mmanụ na-ebute ha maka itinye ya n'ọrụ dịka mmanụ jojoba, Mmanụ oliv, mmanụ almond na-atọ ụtọ ma ọ bụ mmanụ akị bekee. Mmetụta phototoxic nwere ike ime na ọtụtụ mmanụ citrus na-ajụ oyi dị ka lemon ma ọ bụ lime.[18]

Ọtụtụ mmanụ dị mkpa nwere kemịkalụ ndị na-emetụta (nke pụtara na ha ga-eme, mgbe ha jiri ya mee ihe ugboro ugboro, na-akpata mmeghachi omume na akpụkpọ ahụ na ihe ndị ọzọ n'ahụ). [3] Ngwaahịa na ihe niile e ji eme ya ga-emezu otu ihe nchekwa ahụ, n'agbanyeghị isi iyi ha. Ọdịdị kemịkal nke mmanụ ndị dị mkpa nwere ike imetụta herbicides ma ọ bụrụ na a na-akụ osisi ndị mbụ na ndị a na-ewepụta n'ọhịa.[19][20] Mmanụ ụfọdụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-egbu egbu nye ụfọdụ anụ ụlọ, ebe nwamba na-enwekarị ike.[21]

Ọtụtụ mmanụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-egbu mmadụ.[22] Akụkọ banyere ikpe atọ dị iche iche dere gynecomastia n'ime ụmụ nwoke na-eto eto bụ ndị a kpughere na mmanụ lavender na osisi tii.[23] Aromatherapy Trade Council nke UK nyere nzaghachi.[24]

Akụkọ ọzọ nke otu nyocha dị iche iche bipụtara dekwara ikpe atọ nke gynecomastia n'ime ụmụ nwoke na-eto eto bụ ndị a hụrụ mmanụ lavender.[25] Ikpughe na-adịgide adịgide na ngwaahịa lavender nwere ike ijikọta ya na mmepe ara n'oge n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ na "na kemịkal dị na mmanụ lavender na mmanụ tii bụ ihe nwere ike imebi endocrine nwere mmetụta dịgasị iche iche na ndị na-anabata homonụ abụọ - Estrogen na androgen".[26]

Mmanụ ndị dị mkpa nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-egbu egbu mgbe a na-eri ya ma ọ bụ na-amị ya n'ime. A kọọrọ na doses dị ala dị ka 2 ml na-akpata mgbaàmà ndị dị ịrịba ama na nsị siri ike nwere ike ime mgbe a gbasịrị ihe dị ka 4 ml.[27] Akụkọ ole na ole a kọrọ na ha nwere mmeghachi omume na-egbu egbu dị ka mmebi imeju na nkụchi emeela mgbe ha riri sage, hyssop, thuja na mmanụ cedar.[28] Iri mmanụ na mberede nwere ike ime mgbe ụmụaka anaghị enweta mmanụ. Dị ka ihe ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ, mmanụ dị mkpa nke nwere ike ịdị mma maka ọha na eze ka nwere ike ibute ihe ize ndụ maka ndị dị ime na ndị na-enye nwa ara.[29]

Mmanụ ndị a na-eri ma na-etinye na akpụkpọ ahụ nwere ike inwe mmekọrịta na-adịghị mma na ọgwụ nkịtị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ojiji a na-eji mmanụ methyl salicylate dị arọ dị ka wintergreen nwere ike ịkpata ọbara ọgbụgba n'ime ndị na-eji anticoagulant warfarin.

Na ngwụcha afọ 2021, a chetara ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ mgbe achọpụtara na ọ na-emetọ Burkholderia pseudomallei, nje bacteria na-akpata melioidosis, nke dugara n'ọrịa anọ na ọnwụ abụọ.[30]

Hụkwa

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  • Ọkà mmụta n'ihe gbasara aroma
  • Ndepụta nke ọgwụgwọ ọrịa kansa a na-egosighị na nke a na-ekwesịghị

Edemsibia

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Editorial Board, PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies (13 January 2023). Aromatherapy With Essential Oils. National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health. Retrieved on 2024-04-21. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pdq" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 (March 2018) "Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018 (3): CD007598. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD007598.pub3. PMID 29523018.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Hines2018" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Aromatherapy. US Food and Drug Administration (28 September 2023). Retrieved on 21 April 2024. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "fda" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ Dioscorides (1959). in Gunther: The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides. New York: Hafner Publishing. OCLC 3570794. 
  5. ↑ Scanlan (2011). Complementary Medicine for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses. Wiley. ISBN 978-0470958896. 
  6. ↑ The Quality of Essential Oils. New York Institute of Aromatic Studies (2013-12-01). Retrieved on 2020-03-16.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 (December 2020) "Clinical Aromatherapy". The Nursing Clinics of North America 55 (4): 489–504. DOI:10.1016/j.cnur.2020.06.015. PMID 33131627.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "farrar" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ Barrett. Aromatherapy: Making Dollars out of Scents. Science & Pseudoscience Review in Mental Health. Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice. Retrieved on 21 February 2013.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 (2016) "The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in Reducing Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Pain Research and Treatment 2016. DOI:10.1155/2016/8158693. PMID 28070420.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  10. ↑ Baggoley C (2015). Review of the Australian Government Rebate on Natural Therapies for Private Health Insurance. Australian Government – Department of Health. Archived from the original on 26 June 2016. Retrieved on 12 December 2015.
  11. ↑ (2011) "Aromatherapy for pain management in labour". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (7): CD009215. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009215. PMID 21735438. 
  12. ↑ Ball (19 August 2020). "Aromatherapy for dementia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020 (8). DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD003150.pub3. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 32813272. 
  13. ↑ (2016) "Massage with or without aromatherapy for symptom relief in people with cancer". Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 (6). DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD009873.pub3. PMID 27258432. 
  14. ↑ Her (2021). "Effect of aromatherapy on sleep quality of adults and elderly people: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis". Complementary Therapies in Medicine 60. DOI:10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102739. ISSN 0965-2299. PMID 34166869. 
  15. ↑ PDQ (9 March 2007). Aromatherapy With Essential Oils. National Cancer Institute.
  16. ↑ (2012) "Adverse effects of aromatherapy: a systematic review of case reports and case series". Int J Risk Saf Med 24 (3): 147–161. DOI:10.3233/JRS-2012-0568. PMID 22936057. 
  17. ↑ Manion, Widder (May 2017). "Essentials of essential oils". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 74 (9): e153–e162. DOI:10.2146/ajhp151043. PMID 28438819. 
  18. ↑ Cather (2000). "Hyperpigmented macules and streaks". Proceedings 13 (4): 405–406. DOI:10.1080/08998280.2000.11927714. PMID 16389350. 
  19. ↑ Edwards (1999). "Investigations into the use of flame and the herbicide, paraquat, to control peppermint rust in north-east Victoria, Australia". Australasian Plant Pathology 28 (3): 212. DOI:10.1071/AP99036. 
  20. ↑ Adamovic. Variability of herbicide efficiency and their effect upon yield and quality of peppermint (Mentha X Piperital L.). Retrieved on 6 June 2009.
  21. ↑ Bischoff (1998). "Australian Tea Tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia) Oil Poisoning in Three Purebred Cats". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10 (2): 208–210. DOI:10.1177/104063879801000223. PMID 9576358. 
  22. ↑ American College of Healthcare Sciences (20 April 2017). Essential Oil. American College of Healthcare Sciences. Accredited Online Holistic Health College. Retrieved on 13 April 2019.
  23. ↑ (2007) "Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (5): 479–485. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa064725. PMID 17267908. 
  24. ↑ Lavender & Tea Tree Oil Rebuttle (sic). Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved on 3 October 2010.
  25. ↑ (2016) "Prepubertal gynecomastia and chronic lavender exposure: report of three cases". J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 29 (1): 103–107. DOI:10.1515/jpem-2015-0248. PMID 26353172. 
  26. ↑ Weaver (2019). Lavender oil linked to early breast growth in girls. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved on 2022-04-07. “Persistent exposure to lavender products is associated with premature breast development in girls, according to new research by NIEHS scientists. The findings also reveal that chemicals in lavender oil and tea tree oil are potential endocrine disruptors with varying effects on receptors for two hormones – estrogen and androgen (see sidebar). The study was published Aug. 8 in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.”
  27. ↑ Eucalyptus oil. International Programme on Chemical Safety (UPCS).
  28. ↑ Millet (1981). "Toxicity of Some Essential Plant Oils. Clinical and Experimental Study". Clinical Toxicology 18 (12): 1485–1498. DOI:10.3109/15563658108990357. PMID 7333081. 
  29. ↑ Dw (March 2014). "The Self-Prescribed Use of Aromatherapy Oils by Pregnant Women" (in en). Women and Birth 27 (1): 41–45. DOI:10.1016/j.wombi.2013.09.005. PMID 24670414. 
  30. ↑ Aromatherapy spray recalled in U.S. following rare tropical disease deaths. CBC News.
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