Asụsụ Ọzara Ọdịda Anyanwụ
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Asụsụ Ọzara Ọdịda nhazi, ma ọ bụ Wati, bụ akara nke aha Aboriginal nke Australia n'Ezin pụtara Pama-Nyungan..
A na-dị aha Wati eme ihe mgbe a na ụdị dị iche iche dị ka iche dị iche iche, Ọzara Ọdịda ụdị mgbe a na' ndị ha ire okwu nke otu egwuregwu, ma ọ bụ Wati dị ka Warnman gbakwunyere ụgbọ Ọzara Ọwụwa..
Ebe na ndepụta nke obodo
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]na-asụ ndị dị iche iche nke Western Desert Language na-ebi n'ọtụtụ ebe ndị njem nke Western Australia, South Australia na Northern Territory. Ọtụtụ ndị Western Desert bi n'obodo dị na ma ọ bụ nso n'ala ọdịnala ha, ọ bụ ebe na ụfọdụ bi ugbu a n'otu n'ime obodo ndị dị n'ụdị ,dị Kalgoorlie, Laverton, Alice Springs, Port Augusta, Meekatharra, Halls Creek na Fitzroy Crossing..
Ihe na-esonụ bụ ndepụta nke mpaghara Western Desert:
- Kintore, Northern Territory
- Osimiri Docker, Northern Territory
- Ernabella, South Australia
- Amata, South Australia
- Fregon, South Australia
- Pipalyatjara, South Australia
- Kalka, South Australia
- Warburton, Western Australia
- Kiwirrkurra, Western Australia
- Balgo, Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Australia
- Aputula, Northern Territory (nke a makwaara dị ka Finke)
- Imanpa, Northern Territory (nke a makwaara dị ka Ugwu Ebenezer)
- Mutitjulu, Northern Territory
- Jigalong, Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Australia
Asụsụ na-aga n'ihu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ Ọzara Ọdịda nwere njiri nke ọma nke yiri ya; aha ụfọdụ n'ime ndị a amarala nke ọma (dị ka Pitjantjatjara) a na-akpọ mmasị ha "asụsụ".[1] Dị ka m niile nke ire okwu ndị na-agụ ederede ahụ aha nke ya, a na-akpọkarị ya Asụsụ Ọzara Ọdịda siri. na-asụ WDL na-ezo aka n'asụsụ ahụ n'ozuzu ha na-eji okwu dị iche iche iche wangka ("asụsụ") ma ọ bụ wangka yuti ("okwu doro anya"). Maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ahụ, akwụkwọ ahụ na-ahụ ibe ha n'ofe ya niile.
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị na-esonụ bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị aha nke Western Desert Language.
| Asụsụ | Ndị mmadụ | Ihe edeturu | Ntuziaka AIATSIS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asụsụ Antakarinya | Ndị Antakarinya | C5: Antikirinya | |
| Asụsụ Kartujarra | Ndị Kartujarra | A51: Kartujarra | |
| Asụsụ Kokatha | Ndị Kokatha | C3: Kokatha | |
| A na-akpọ asụsụ abụọ nke Western Desert 'Kukatja'; Kukatja (A68) na Kukatja | Kukatja (C7) (Western Australia)">Kukatja (A68) na Kukatja | A68 dị n'ebe ugwu nke Western Australia nso Lake Gregory, na C7 dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Haasts Bluff na etiti Australia. [1][2] A68 bụ otu n'ime olumba ndị mejupụtara Martu Wangka na Jigalong. [3]:: iii C7 na-akpọ onwe ha 'Luritja' ugbu a.[1] |
A68: Kukatja & C7: Kukatja |
| Asụsụ Kuwarra | Ndị Kuwarra | Enwere obere ihe ọmụma banyere asụsụ ahụ mana ndị mmadụ nwere ihe akaebe nke ọma. [4][5] | A16: Kuwarra |
| Asụsụ Luritja | Ndị Luritja | Ndị Kukatja (C7) na-akpọ onwe ha 'Luritja' ugbu a.[1] Pintupi na Luritja bụ asụsụ abụọ yiri ibe ha ma na-agbakọta ọnụ. [6][7] |
C7.1: Luritja |
| Asụsụ Manyjilyjarra | Ndị Manyjilyjarra | Otu n'ime olumba ndị mejupụtara Martu Wangka na Jigalong. [3] Ihe ndị ọzọ a kpọrọ: iii | A51.1: Manyjilyjarra |
| Asụsụ Mantjintjarra | Ndị Mantjintjarra | A33: Mantjintjarra | |
| Asụsụ Martu Wangka | Ndị Martu | Martu Wangka na-ezo aka ma ọ bụ otu olumba a hụrụ na gburugburu Jigalong, Western Australia :: iii ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ìgwè olumba dị iche iche na ọzara Gibson, Little Sandy na Great Sandy.[3][8][8] | A86: Martu Wangka |
| Asụsụ Nakako | Ndị Nakako | Obere ihe ka a maara banyere ndị mmadụ na asụsụ ha [9] | A32: Nakako |
| Asụsụ Ngaanyatjarra | Ndị Ngaanyatjarra | A38:Ngaanyatjarra | |
| Asụsụ Ngaatjatjarra | Ndị Ngaatjatjarra | A43: Ngaatjatjarra | |
| Asụsụ Ngalia | Ndị Ngalia | C2: Ngalia | |
| Asụsụ Pindiini/Wangkatha/Wangkatja | Ndị Pindiini/Wangkatha/Wangkatja | Asụsụ atọ a na ndị mmadụ enwechaghị ike ịmata ọdịiche.[10][11][12] | A102: Pindiini, A12: Wangkatha & A103: Wangkatja |
| Asụsụ Pintupi | Ndị Pintupi | Pintupi na Luritja bụ asụsụ abụọ yiri ibe ha ma na-agbakọta ọnụ. [6][7] | C10: Pintupi |
| Asụsụ Pitjantjatjara | Ndị Pitjantjatjara | C6: Pitjantjatjara | |
| Asụsụ Putijarra | Ndị Putijarra | Otu n'ime olumba ndị mejupụtara Martu Wangka na Jigalong :: iii [3] | A54: Putijarra |
| Asụsụ Tjupan | Ndị Tjupan | A31: Tjupan | |
| Asụsụ Wangkajunga | Ndị Wangkajunga | A87: Wangkajunga | |
| Asụsụ Yankunytjatjara | Ndị Yankunytjatjara | C4: Yankunytjatjara | |
| Asụsụ Yulparija | Ndị Yulparija | A67: Yulparija |
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ Ọzara Ọdịda nwere nwera ọtụtụ puku ndị na-asụ ya, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime akara ndị Australia na-ama ike. A ka na-enyefe nke ahụ ma nwee akwụkwọ akụkọ, asụsụ n'asụsụ Pitjantjatjara na Yankunytjatjara na South Australia ebe e nwere usoro ọrụ nke ogologo oge. [citation needed]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na tebụl ndị na-esonụ nke usoro ụda WDL, akara ndị dị na oghere oghere na-enye ụdị orthography bara uru nke ọtụtụ obodo WDL na-eji. A na-enye nkọwa ndị ọzọ nke orthographies eji eme ihe n'ebe dị iche iche n'okpuru ebe a. A na-egosi ọnụọgụ ụda na IPA na [square brackets]. [citation needed]
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ Ọzara Ọdịda Anyanwụ nwere usoro ụdaume atọ a na-ahụkarị (maka Australia) na ọdịiche dị ogologo nke na-emepụta ngụkọta ụdaume isii nwere ike. [citation needed]
Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Mpaghara | Akụkụ dị iche iche | Apical | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Velar | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
| Plosive | N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị otú a⟨p⟩ | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨k⟩ | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ bụ⟨tj⟩ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨t⟩ | Akụkụ nke ọzọ⟨rt⟩ |
| Ụgbọ imi | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ⟨m⟩ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨ng⟩ | Nkọwa⟨ny⟩ | n'ihi ya⟨n⟩ | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨rn⟩ |
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụr na ọ ga-adị⟨rr⟩ | ||||
| N'akụkụ | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ bụ⟨ly⟩ | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨l⟩ | Akụkụ nke a⟨rl⟩ | ||
| Ihe atụ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨w⟩ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨y⟩ | Akụkụ nke a⟨r⟩ | ||
Dị ka egosiri na chaatị ahụ, WDL na-eme ka a mata na-adị n'aka ise nke ntakiri, ma ọnụ na imi na ọnọdụ ọ mgbasa. Akwụsịtụ okporo ụzọ dị n'olu ma isi olu na- akpata olu; a na-ekwukarị mmetụta nke okwu, ma na-amụ ya n'ebe ọzọ. N'ịbụ ndị ahụ, ha na- ndị na- ike ume. Enweghị ikeume fricative. [citation needed]
Orthography
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọ bụ ezie na olumba nke WDL nwere ụdaume yiri nke ahụ, enwere ọtụtụ orthographies dị iche iche na-eji eme ihe, nke sitere na mmasị nke ndị nchọpụta dị iche iche dị na mbụ yana eziokwu ahụ bụ na mpaghara WDL gbasaa na steeti atọ (Western Australia, South Australia na Northern Territory), nke ọ bụla nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nyocha asụsụ na iwu agụmakwụkwọ. [citation needed]
Asụsụ Ogbi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi n'etiti Australia nwere (ma ọ bụ n'otu oge nwere) ụdị aha ha. N'etiti ndị Ọzara Ọdịda, a na-enye ndị ogbi kpọmkwem Kardutjara na Yurira Watjalku, [1] Ngaatjatjarra (Ngada), [2] na Manjiljarra. A mara Kardutjara na Yurira Watjalku nke bịanyere aka na ya dị ka ndị isi nke ọma, ọ bụ ebe na ọ bụghị ihe doro anya site na isi ndị bịanyere Aka na Ngada na Manjiljarra.
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAIATSIS C7 - ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAIATSIS A68 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Burgman (2005). Martu Wangka Dictionary and Topical Finderlist 2005 Draft. South Hedland, Western Australia: WANGKA MAYA Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre. ISBN 1875946152.
- ↑ Kuwarra (en-AU). Goldfields Aboriginal Language Centre. Retrieved on 2 July 2024.
- ↑ Liberman (1980). "The Decline of the Kuwarra People of Australia's Western Desert: A Case Study of Legally Secured Domination". Ethnohistory 27 (2): 119–133. DOI:10.2307/481223. ISSN 0014-1801. Retrieved on 2 July 2024.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAIATSIS C7.1 - ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAIATSIS C10 - ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAIATSIS A86 - ↑ Nakako. Mobile Language Team. Retrieved on 2 July 2024.
- ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAIATSIS A102 - ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAIATSIS A12 - ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAIATSIS A103