Asụsụ Aguaruna
Akara ikpe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aguruna bụ asụsụ nhọpụta/nkwudo. Ọ na-egosi okwu nhọpụta, ebubo, nzigharị, ebe, ablative, ngwa ngwa, ụda olu, na genitive ikpe site na ijikọta suffixes inflectional. Ihe nrịbama ikpe na-ejikọta naanị na akụkụ ikpeazụ nke nkebiokwu aha, belụsọ na nnọchiaha ngosipụta dị, mgbe ahụ okwu ọ bụla n'ime nkebiokwu ahụ na-ewere akara ikpe ahụ. Okwu nhọpụta anaghị ewere suffix, mana nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ enweghị ike iwere suffix ọ bụla ọzọ, nke n'aka nke ya na-egosi na ọ bụ isiokwu.
Mkpesa ebubo bụ -na, nke a na-eji akara ma ihe kpọmkwem na ihe ndị na-apụtaghị ìhè. Otú ọ dị, mgbe isiokwu nke nkebiokwu bụ nke mbụ onye plural, onye nke abụọ n'otu n'otu, ma ọ bụ nke abụọ onye otutu, mgbe ahụ, naanị onye mbụ otu ihe na-ewere ebubo ebubo. Dị ka ihe atụ, n'ahịrịokwu núwa hapímkutꞌin ɨŋkɨáu 'ụmụ nwaanyị na-etinye brooms (n'ime nkata)', núwa 'ụmụ nwanyị' na-ewere na-adịghị n'ihi na ọ bụ nhoputa ikpe, na hapímkutꞌin 'brooms' na-ewe ikpe -na, ọ bụ ezie na [a] furu efu na apocope. N'aka nke ọzọ, n'ahịrịokwu ahụ tsabáu yuwáta 'rie banana!' enweghị nkwubi okwu ebubo na tsabáu 'banana' n'ihi na isiokwu bụ 'ị (otu)'.
A na-enweta ikpe genitive n'akụkọ ihe mere eme site na ebubo ebubo site na usoro apocope. Ụdị genitive mgbe niile na ụdị ebubo ebubo, belụsọ na ehichapụrụ ikpeazụ /-n/. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ejiri nkwubi okwu ebubo mara ihe onwunwe n'otu oge, mana furu efu n'ihi ihe na-emekarị nke mkpochapụ imi okwu-ikpeazụ na Aguruna. The genitive na-egosi ihe onwunwe site na-ejikọta ya na onye nwe ya ma na-esote ya ozugbo. Dị ka ihe atụ, n'okwu ọnụ bụ́ waʃí yakahĩ́ 'ogwe enwe', ụdị genitive waʃí ' enwe' si n'ụdị ebubo 'enwe' waʃín .
A na-eji okwu mkparịta ụka gosi nkwado, ma akara ya na suffix -haĩ . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'okwu nĩ yatʃĩhaĩ ikama wɨinawai 'ya na nwanne ya na-abanye n'ime ohia', anyi na-ahu na yatʃĩhaĩ 'nwanne ya' na-ewere commitative suffix.
Enwere ike iji ọnọdụ ebe ahụ gosi ọnọdụ, yana mbugharị gaa ma ọ bụ banye. Enwere suffixes abụọ nwere ọnọdụ ọdịdị ọdịdị ahụ: -(n) ĩ na-apụta na ngosipụta na-eso suffixes dị mkpa, na -numa na-apụta n'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ niile.
A na-emepụta ihe eji eme ihe na suffix - (a)i . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ahịrịokwu nke kámaɾai dakumkámi 'ka anyị were igwefoto see foto', kamaɾa 'camera' na-ewere suffix -i iji mepụta kámaɾai 'ji igwefoto.'
A na-etolite ikpe ablative site na ịgbakwunye suffix -ia . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, kanusa 'Santiago River' nwetara suffix -ia ime kanúsia 'site na Osimiri Santiago'.
Enwere ike iji okwu na-ekwu okwu naanị na ndị ntụgharị mmadụ na Aguruna. Aha niile ejiri akara olu nwere enwe mgbanwe nke ụda olu gaa na nkeji okwu ikpeazụ. Otú ọ dị, nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi otú ndị ọkà okwu si ewepụta ya na mkpu, ọ bụghị n'ihi usoro nhazi. Enwere ụzọ atọ iji kaa akara ụda olu, na ha atọ na-egbochi apocope. Enwere suffixes abụọ na-adịghị amịpụta: -ta na -wa . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, yátsu 'nwanne' na-ewe -ta iji mepụta yatsutá. Ka ọ dịgodị, ápa 'nna' na-ewe -wa iji mepụta apawá . Naanị ụdị ụda olu na-arụpụta ihe na-agụnye nkwụsị nke apocope na ngbanwe ụda na ụda olu-ikpeazụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, díitʃ 'uncle' na-aghọ diitʃí 'uncle-VOC' na páblo 'Pablo' na-aghọ pabló 'Pablo-VOC'.
Ihe ndetu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]suffixes inflectional. Ihe nrịbama ikpe na-ejikọta naanị na akụkụ ikpeazụ nke nkebiokwu aha, belụsọ na nnọchiaha ngosipụta dị, mgbe ahụ okwu ọ bụla n'ime nkebiokwu ahụ na-ewere akara
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Adelaar (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. – (especially section 4.4 The Jivaroan languages)
- Asangkay Sejekam (2006). "Awajún", in Marlett: Ilustraciones fonéticas de lenguas amerindias, Draft (in es). Lima: SIL International y Universidad Ricardo Palma.
- Asangkay Sejekam (2006). "La situación sociolingüística de la lengua awajún en 2006.", in Marlett: Situaciones sociolingüísticas de lenguas amerindias (in es). Lima: SIL International and Universidad Ricardo Palma.
- Campbell (1997). American Indian languages: the historical linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Corbera Mori (1981). Glosario Aguaruna-Castellano, Documento de Trabajo. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Centro de Investigación de Lingüística Aplicada. OCLC 9388654.
- Corbera Mori (1984). Bibliografía de la familia lingüística jíbaro, Documento de Trabajo. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Centro de Investigación de Lingüística Aplicada. OCLC 836797599.
- Solís Fonseca (2003). Lenguas en la amazonía peruana. Lima: Programa FORTE-PE : Ministerio de Educación. OCLC 54662553.
- Uwarai Yagkug (1998). Diccionario aguaruna-castellano, awajún chícham apáchnaujai. Lima: Centro Amazónico de Antropología y Aplicación Práctica. OCLC 41028851.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Edemede gbasara nwa akwụkwọ Peruvian na-arụ ọrụ ichekwa asụsụ Aguaruna
- Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Aguaruna n'ịntanetị sitere na IDS (họrọ nchọgharị dị mfe ma ọ bụ nke dị elu)
- Vidiyo nke ndị Aguruna
- Ngwa OLAC na gbasara asụsụ Aguaruna
- Aguaruna ( Usoro ọkọwa okwu Intercontinental )