Asụsụ Ambel

 

Ambel (Amber), nke a makwaara dị ka Waigeo mgbe agwaetiti ahụ a na-asụ ya n'ụzọ bụ isi, bụ asụsụ Austronesia nke nwere mmetụta Papuan nke a na-asụ n'agwaetiti Waigeo dị na agwaetiti Raja Ampat dị nso n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke West Papua, Indonesia. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 1,600 na-asụ ya. [ 2 ] Ọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ka ndị bi na-atụgharị gaa na Papuan Malay na mmadụ ole na ole a mụrụ mgbe afọ 2000 gachara nwere ihe ọ bụla maara asụsụ ahụ. [ 3 ]

Olumba

Ihe dị ka mmadụ 1,600 na-asụ Ambel na Waigeo, bụ agwaetiti dị na Raja Ampat Archipelago dị nso n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke West Papua, Indonesia. Enwere olumba abụọ nke Ambel:

• Metsam Ambel, nke a na-asụ n'ime obodo abụọ nke Warsamdin na Kalitoko dị na Waigeo Island
• Metnyo Ambel, onye a na-asụ n'ime obodo itoolu Warimak, Waifoi, Kabilo, Go, Kapadiri, Kabare, Bonsayor, Darumbab, na Andey dị na Waigeo Island.

Ndị na-asụ Ambel bi n'akụkụ ndị na-asụ Biak n'ime obodo atọ nke Warsamdin, Kabare na Andey.

Nkesa

A na-asụ Ambel n'ebe ndị a n'ime Raja Ampat Regency :

• Mpaghara Waigeo Utara: Obodo Kabare na Kapadiri.
• Mpaghara Teluk Manyalibit: Kabilol, Go, Waifoy, Warimak, Kalitoko na Warsamdin.

fonology

Ụda asụsụ Ambel bụ ndị a: [ 7 ]

Consonant na-ada

	Labial	eze / Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Plosive	p b	t̪ d		k g
Nke na-ese okwu		s		h
Ihu imi	m	n
Rhotic		r
N'akụkụ		l
Mmanya			j	w

Enwere ike ịnụ / h / dị ka [ f ] ma ọ bụ [ ɸ ] na mgbanwe n'efu.

Udaume na-ada

	N'ihu	Azu
Mechie	i	u
N'etiti	e	o
Mepee	a

Asụsụ proto

  Arnold (2018) reconstructs abụọ tonemes maka proto-Ambel, elu /3/ na ịrị elu /12/, nke yiri usoro ụda nke Ma'ya . Arnold (2018c). "A preliminary archaeology of tone in Raja Ampat", in Antoinette Schapper: Contact and substrate in the languages of Wallacea, Part 2. NUSA. Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 7–37. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1450778. Arnold, Laura (2018c). "A preliminary archaeology of tone in Raja Ampat". In Antoinette Schapper (ed.). Contact and substrate in the languages of Wallacea, Part 2. NUSA. Vol. 64. Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. pp. 7–37. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1450778. hdl:10108/92289.</ref>

N'okpuru bụ ụfọdụ monosyllabic proto-Ambel n'ụdị lexical arụgharịrị nke nwere njikọ na Matbat na Ma'ya . A na-enye olumba Misool maka ụfọdụ ụdị Ma'ya ; ha si na olumba Salawati.

 

Akwụkwọ akụkọ

• Arnold (2016). Lexical tone in Ambel. 
•  
• Arnold (2018b). "Lexical Tone in Metnyo Ambel". Oceanic Linguistics 57 (1): 199–220. DOI:10.1353/ol.2018.0007. 

Njikọ mpụga

• Etinye ego n’ihe ndị e ji amụ asụsụ Ambel n’ebe nchekwa asụsụ dị ize ndụ