Asụsụ Anuta
Asụsụ Anuta (ma ọ bụ Anuta, n' ike te taranga paka-Anuta) bụ akara Polynesia Outlier sitere n'ịbụetiti Anuta na Solomon Islands . Ọ nwere njikọ njikọ chiri anya na Tikopia_language" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tikopia language">Asụsụ Tikpia nke ịdị nso nke Tikopia, ọ na-enwekwa ike dị ukwuu nke ike sitere na ngwaahịa ahụ..[1]: 6
A na-ewere Anuta dị ka Asụsụ Polynesia Nuclear, ọ bụ ebe na ọ nwere ike dị ukwuu nke Tongic..[2]
N'afọ 1977, Richard Feinberg akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na akara ngosi nke ahụ.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Anuta nwere obere ndepụta nke ụfọdụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ foneme dị ka /f/ na /p/ na /s/ na /t/ .[1]: 8
- Afọ → papine (ụmụ nwanyị, nwanyị)
- vasa → vata (oké osimiri mepere emepe, oké osimiri)
- Lakị → rai (nnukwu) [3]
Mgbanwe allophonic bụ otu n'ime mmetụta Tikopian.[3]
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveolar | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ŋ |
| Plosive | p | <s about="#mwt47" class="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"t"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwYw" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">t ~ s | k |
| Ihe na-esiri ike | w" class="IPA" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"v"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwaw" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">v ~ w | ||
| Mmiri | l ~ ɾ |
Udaume nwere ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ na ogologo.[1]: 12 Ogologo ụdaume na-eme ka ọ dị iche na ụda ụda na ihe ọ pụtara n'asụsụ Polynesia, a pụkwara iji ụdaume ⟨aa⟩ dee ma ọ bụ jiri macron n'elu ⟨ā⟩ dee ya..[4]
- matua (husband) vs. maatua (elderly person) vs. maatuaa (parent)
- taŋata (man) vs. taaŋata (men) vs. taŋaata (brother-in-law)
N'oge ndị ọzọ, a na-ekwusi ike na ụdaume ogologo.[4]
- maatea (nnukwu, nke gabigara ókè) → maaatea
| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | i | u | |
| N'etiti etiti | e | o | |
| Emeghe | a |
Mmetụta na Anutan na-adaba na nkeji okwu mbụ.[3]
- Enwere ike iji ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụ maka ihe ndị metụtara mkpụrụ akwụkwọ dochie anya ya.
Anuta na-egosi ọtụtụ ọdịdị yiri Asụsụ Futunic ma nwee njikọ na ọdịdị Polynesia.[3]
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Anuta na-agbaso usoro okwu SVO.[3] PAV (onye ọrịa-okwu-onye ọrụ) ergative constructions bụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị.
Anuta na-ekewapụta akụkụaha onwe onye n'ime onye nke mbụ, na nke atọ na otu, na ọtụtụ.[1] A na-ekewa ụzọ abụọ na ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị dị iche iche na nke na-agụnye nke na- dabere na okwu ndị dị na ụdị ahụ..
A ga-ejikọta nnọchiaha nke abụọ na ko, e, mo, ma ọ bụ te.
Mgbe nnọchiaha guzo naanị ya, ọ na-abụkarị na nzaghachi nke ajụjụ, a na-ejikọta ya na ko.[1]
- Mea ko ai? ("onye ọ bụ?")
- Ko au ("ọ bụ m")
| otu | abụọ | ọtụtụ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Onye nke mbụ | pụrụ iche | au, kau | maaua, ma | matou, matou |
| gụnyere | taaua, ta | tatou, tou | ||
| Onye nke abụọ | koe, ke | korua, koru | kotou, kotou | |
| Onye nke atọ | ia, ei, na | naaua, na | natou, natou | |
| otu | abụọ | ọtụtụ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| otu ihe | ọtụtụ ihe | ||||
| Onye nke mbụ | pụrụ iche | toku, taku | oku, aku | ma, o maaua | matou, o matou |
| gụnyere | ta, o taaua | tatou, o tatou | |||
| Onye nke abụọ | tou, tau | ou, au | koru, o korua | kotou, o kotou | |
| Onye nke atọ | tona, tana, na | ona, ana | na, o naaua | natou, o natou | |
Ụzọ abụọ e si eme ihe n'onwe ya. Otu, a na-ejikọta nnọchiaha possessive na ihe ma ọ bụ abụọ, na-ejikarị ya na ụdị abụọ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ.
N'otu nnọchiaha, mgbe ihe gbanwere site na otu gaa na ọtụtụ /t/ na-ada.[1]
- Toku taina ("my brother) → Oku taina ("my brothers")
- Tou topi ("your garden") → Ou topi ("your gardens")
Ngwaa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- infinitive = ke
- ọdịnihu = ka
- ugbu a = e
- ihe ngosi gara aga = ne
- zuru oke = ku
Enwere ike itinye akara ndị a na ngwaa na-enweghị nnọchiaha onwe onye.[1] A na-etinyekarị ya n'etiti aha na ngwaa.
Ọ bụrụ na oge adịghị mkpa n'ihe gbasara ahịrịokwu ahụ, a ga-ewepụ akara ngosi.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nọmba na Anuta na-enwekarị akara ngosi.[1]
Anutan na-eji Usoro ịgụta ọnụ ọgụgụ iri. Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-eji otu okwu ahụ bụ pua na-eme 'iri abụọ' pua rua, 'iri atọ' pua toru na ihe ndị ọzọ. Mgbe iri gasịrị, a na-eji maa akara nọmba egosiri na iri nke pụtara 'na'. Iri na otu ga-abụ "ma tai" nke pụtara 'iri na otu'. Otu ihe ahụ na-aga maka iri abụọ, iri atọ, wdg.[1]
Ọ bụrụ na ihe a na-agụ bụ ụmụ mmadụ, a ga-etinye okwu toko n'ihu nọmba ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na a gụnye ya.[1]
- Te tangata e tai = Otu nwoke
- Nga tangata e toko rua = ụmụ nwoke abụọ
A ga-eji mata akara azụ ọnụ ọgụgụ mana ọ na-ejedebe na iri ma ọ bụ karịa.[1]
- Te ika e matangapuru = Azụ iri
- Te ika e mata maa iva = Azụ̀ iri ise na itoolu
| Anuta | Bekee |
|---|---|
| tai | otu |
| rua | abụọ |
| toru | atọ |
| pa | anọ |
| nima | ise |
| ono | isii |
| pitu | asaa |
| varu | asatọ |
| iva | itoolu |
| puangapuru | iri |
| puangapuru maa tai | iri na otu |
| puangapuru maa rua | iri na abụọ |
| pua rua | iri abụọ |
| pua toru | iri atọ |
| (e) pua te rau | otu narị |
| (e) ape/te ape e tai | otu puku |
| (e) mano/te mano e tai |
Ihe onwunwe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndepụta okwu 200 dị na Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database . [5]
Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 1977. Asụsụ Anutan a tụgharịrị uche: Lexicon na Grammar nke Polynesian Outlier. Mpịakọta Abụọ. Akwụkwọ HRAFlex. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press.
Ihe edeturu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Feinberg (1977). The Anutan Language Reconsidered: Lexicon and Grammar of a Polynesian Outlier, Volume 1.. Human Relations Area Files. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Feinberg" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Feinberg (1989). "Possible prehistoric contacts between Tonga and Anuta". Journal of the Polynesian Society 98 (3).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Anutan language, alphabet and pronunciation. www.omniglot.com. Retrieved on 2019-10-08. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Feinberg, Richard. (1998). Oral traditions of Anuta : a Polynesian outlier in the Solomon Islands. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 1429404337. OCLC 252596862. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Biggs. Anuta. Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database. Simon Greenhill, Robert Blust & Russell Gray. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved on 8 August 2008.