Asụsụ Awara

Awara
Spoken in:	Papua New Guinea
Region:	Morobe Province
Total speakers:	1,800
Language family:	Trans–New Guinea  Finisterre–Huon   Finisterre    Wantoat     Awara
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	awx

Awara bụ otu n'ime asụsụ Finisterre nke Papua New Guinea . Ọ bụ akụkụ nke agbụ olumba nwere Wantoat, mana na naanị 60-70% lexically yiri ya. Enwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asụ Awara 1900 bi na mkpọda ndịda nke Finisterre Range, ha bi n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri Leron.

Omenala

Ndị Awara ji nkwekọ, nkwenye na okpukpe kpọrọ ihe. Ha na-aga chọọchị Sunday ọ bụla, n’oge mgbakọ ndị a, ha na-ekwurịtakwa ụdị nsogbu ọ bụla ndị mmadụ nwere ike inwe ruo mgbe ha chọtara ihe ngwọta. Ụka na ọrụ gọọmentị na-ekewa, mana ha adịghịkwa ekewa n'ihi na ndị nwere ọrụ iduzi na gọọmentị na-enwekarị ọrụ iduzi n'ụka. Na mgbakwunye na "a na-ahazi ọrụ gọọmentị niile (nzukọ, ọrụ ọrụ obodo, wdg) na nnọkọ ụka obodo, a na-atụlekwa okwu gọọmentị mpaghara na nzukọ ụka mpaghara."

Alphabet

Asụsụ Awara nwere mkpụrụedemede iri abụọ na otu (Aa, Ää, Bb, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Ss, Tt, Uu, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz), 3 digraphs (Gw gw, Nw kw, Ngwgraph ).

fonology

Consonants

Awara consonants can be categorized into labial, coronal, and a dorsal. These are further split into voiced stops, voiceless stops, nasals, and voiced spirants. Many of the consonants in Awara have different sounds (for example voiced lateral /l/ can also be pronounced as [r], and the special character b represents not only a voiced labial stop [b], but also a voiced fricative [v] or a glide [w]).

Ekwentị consonant

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar nwere aha ya	Velar	Glottal
Nkwụsị ụda	b	d		g w	g
Nkwụsị enweghị olu	p	t		k w	k
Fricatives nwere olu	b				ḡ
fricatives enweghị olu		s				h
Ọnụ imi	m	n		ŋ w	ŋ
Akụkụ akụkụ ụda olu		l
Glides			y

Udaume

Enwere ụdaume 6 na Awara. Udaume /e, i, u/ na-apụtakarị n'ihu consonants /m/ na /l/, mana ha nwere ike ịpụta mgbe ụfọdụ n'azụ ha. A na-ekewa ụdaume ndị ahụ ụzọ atọ: ụdaume ihu (I na e), ụdaume etiti/etiti (A na a), na ụdaume azụ (u na o). Udaume n'ihu na Awara na-adịkarị ala. Enwere allophone ole na ole maka ụdaume na Awara. A na-akpọkarị [m] dị ka [t] na mgbakwunye na [M].

Ekwentị ụdaume

	N'ihu	N'etiti	Azu
Elu	I		ị
N'etiti	e	A	o
Dị ala		a

Mkpụrụokwu

Syllables in Awara will generally follow a CVC pattern, this can be split to patterns like V, CV, or VC. The rule is consonants must always be separated by a vowel, the common vowel order of a word in Awara would be V followed by CV which is then followed by VC. So, a word in Awara will follow a pattern like this “VCVCVC.” Different patterns appear at different places. For example, “V syllables can never occur at the end of the word, VC syllables occur word initially and sometimes medially but never at the end, and CVC and CV can occur anywhere in a word.”

Nchegbu

Awara na-eji usoro ụda olu nke a na-ahụkarị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Papuan. Awara n'onwe ya nwere usoro nrụgide atọ dị iche iche, otu isi na nke abụọ nke abụọ ma ọ bụ usoro ọzọ. Ụkpụrụ bụ́ isi na-emesi mkpuruokwu nke mbụ na nke atọ ike, ebe isi ihe na-elekwasị anya na mgbakasị ahụ na-adaba na nkeji okwu ikpeazụ nke a na-emesi ike. Ọmụmaatụ: /Ayi/ -> a.yi 'nne nne'. N'okwu a, 'yi' na-emesi ike.

Mgbanwegharị

Na Awara mmụgharị ka a na-etinyekarị na okwu bisyllabic. Okwu matekmatekrn∆ 'obere ihe' bụ naanị wezuga iwu a, ebe ntọala ya bụ trisyllabic, gbasaa site na suffix derivative -n∆ nke na-egosi mmụgharị. Enwere ụdị mmụgharị abụọ na Awara. Nke mbụ na-emegharị mkpụrụokwu dị adị nwere ihe ọ pụtara wee wetulata ngalaba semantic nke okwu ahụ. Ọmụmaatụ nke a bụ halu na haluhalu : halu pụtara 'osimiri', na ụdị oyiri haluhalu pụtara 'aja', ya bụ ihe dị n'akụkụ osimiri. Ụdị mbipụtagharị nke abụọ bụ ntọala ndị n'onwe ha enweghị ihe ọ pụtara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ gak n'onwe ya enweghị ihe ọ pụtara mana gakgak na-ezo aka na ụdị osisi.

Nkpọaha

Ejikọrọ nnochiaha Awara na ngwaa, n'ihi nke a, a na-agbanwe njedebe ngwaa ahụ iji gosipụta ma omume ahụ gbasara gị onye ọzọ ma ọ bụ karịa otu onye. Ihe atụ nke a ga-abụ ịgbanwe ngwaa maka ịkwa akwa n'ime ọ ga-akwa ya, ngwaa maka ịkwa akwa bụ bup iji gbanwee nke a ga-akwa anyị kwesịrị ịgbakwunye pik mgbe ọ gasịrị. Nke a gbanwere okwu ka ọ bụrụ bupik nke pụtara 'ọ ga-akwa'.

p,b okwu

	Ọdịnihu	Ngwa ngwa
1s	-olulu	-pa
2s	- pilk
3s	-pik	-pon

p,b njedebe ngwaa

	Ọdịnihu	Ngwa ngwa
1s	b	d
2s	b	d

Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ

Ngwaa

Enwere ike kewaa ngwaa Awara ụzọ abụọ, nke na-ewere mkpịrịsị mkpịrịsị na nke na-adịghị. Ọtụtụ ngwaa na-ewe mkpịrịsị inflectional. Naanị ngwaa ndị na-adịghị ewere affixes inflectional bụ adị adị ngwaa käyä 'adị' na wenä 'adịghị adị'.

Wa sade miting-u käyä nzukọ ụbọchị ụka a-TOP dị 'Nke a Sunday e nwere nzukọ.'

Ngwaa dị adị na-eguzo naanị ya dị ka predicate mana enwere ike iji 'be' na ha iji kwado nrụtụ aka ma ọ bụ ngbanwe.

Moyo yiwit-na, nax-u wenä ti-wik na-enweghị Nnọọ-1P. DSfood=Enweghị oke.adị adị-3s. FUT 'Ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla (ọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na anyị anọghị na-eme ihe ọ bụla) agaghị enwe nri.'

"Awara nwere ụzọ atọ maka iwepụta ngwaa okwu: nchịkọta okwu okwu, nchịkọta bara uru, na ịmepụta ngwaa sitere na aha site na mgbakwunye nke suffix derivational -la 'aghọ'." Ngwakọta lexical na-eji ụdị ogige abụọ dị na Awara: ngwaa-ngwaa na ngwaa-ngwaa. Ngwaa-ngwaa na-ezo aka n'ihe eji eme ihe ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ihe ahụ. Ngwaa-ngwaa ogige na-akọwa omume abụọ na-eme. Ụdị nke ikpeazụ na-agụnyekarị ngwaa ä 'take' na ngwaa ngagharị dị ka apu 'bịa' na-esochi ya.

Ngwaa-ngwaa ngwaa

Yanggä kalux=u t-äjapu na-m-Ø. mmiri ọhụrụ=TOP SO-take-abịa 1S. O-enye-2S. IMM Weta mmiri oyi (nke dị ọhụrụ) nye m.

Ngwakọta bara uru

hängä ngäkge-kän gata-ni-mi-ngga-k. ihe nke ukwuu-naanị enyemaka-1P. O-enye-s. DiPF-3. PRES '... ọ na-enyere anyị aka n'ọtụtụ ihe'

Syntax

Usoro Okwu

Usoro usoro nke okwu Awara bụ SOV. "Enwere ike ịdepụta arụmụka na ihe ndị ọzọ mejupụtara ya na postposition, nke a na-ejikọta ụda olu na okwu bu ụzọ dị ka clitics. Ọmụmaatụ nke a bụ =dä n'ahịrịokwu ọmụmaatụ; ndị ọzọ bụ =ge ma ọ bụ =le .

Silas=dä Yälämbing=ge wätä wamä-ngä-mi-k. Silas=ABL Yälämbing=DAT sore tie-3s.0-give-3s. PRES 'Saịlas kechie ọnya Yalambing.'

Ndị nhazi ọkwa

Usoro nhazi aha aha dị na Awara nwere ihe dị ka nhazi ọkwa iri atọ. "Ọtụtụ ndị nhazi ọkwa na-enye ụfọdụ ihe ngosi nke ọdịdị anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nhazi nke ihe a na-akpọ aha." Ihe atụ nke classifier bụ täpä, nke a na-ejikọta ya na ihe ndị yiri mkpisi. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ejikọta ihe karịrị otu nhazi na aha iji dokwuo anya ihe ejiri mee ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a ga-ejikọta yangä 'mmiri' na classifier maka ihe ndị yiri eriri, täknga, na-ezo aka na ihe ọṅụṅụ). Ihe nhazi ọkwa na-apụta mgbe niile n'aka nri nke aha na n'aka ekpe nke suffixes.

Okwu mgbazinye ego

Okwu mbinye ego na Awara sitere na Tok Pisin, mana enwerekwa ụfọdụ sitere na bekee . Okwu ndị ọzọ, karịsịa aha na okwu okpukpe, sitere na Yabium. E nwere ụdị okwu mbinye ego atọ: okwu mbinye ego dabara n'ụda ụda olu Awara, okwu mbinye ego na-emebi ụda olu Awara, na okwu mbinye ego na-agbakwunye na ngwa ekwentị Awara. Okwu mbinye ego dabara na-ewepụ nkwụsị olu ha wee gbanwee ha ka ọ bụrụ nkwudo enweghị olu ewepụtaghị (dịka 'chord' sitere na Tok Pisin na-agbanwe na kod na Awara mana a na-asụpe ya ka kot ). Awara na-akpọ [r] ma ọ dịghị na mkpụrụedemede ha, ya mere ụda na-anọchi anya <l> na ederede, dị ka n'ime osikapa, nke a na-akpọ [rais]. Enwere ike ịghọta [r] dị ka allophone nke /l/. Ọtụtụ okwu mbinye ego bụ okwu maka ihe na-adịghị na asụsụ Awara. Enwere ike mata ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a site na nchikota leta ai, dịka ọ dị na pailot 'pilot'. Quigley (2011). The phonology and verbal system of Awara : a Papuan language of the Finisterre Range, Papua New Guinea. Canberra, A.C.T. : Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1–263. ISBN 9780858836303. Quigley, Edward; Qingley, Susan (2011). The phonology and verbal system of Awara : a Papuan language of the Finisterre Range, Papua New Guinea. Canberra, A.C.T. : Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 1–263. ISBN 9780858836303.</ref>

Ụdị aha

Awara nwere aha modal atọ: nangäsä na-ekwupụta ekwe omume, nangän na-ekwupụta ọrụ, na nangge na-ekwupụta ebumnuche. "Ha nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ma arụmụka nke nkebiokwu, dị ka predicate, na dị ka adverbial modifiers. Aha modal chọrọ nkebiokwu na-enweghị ngwụcha ga-eso ha na enweghị ike ịdị adị na-enweghị ha.

[Akop -nangge ] natä-ke=ngä ako-pit. bia.elu-ebumnobi chọrọ-SS. PF=mgbe bia.up-1s. FUT 'Mgbe m chọrọ ịgbagote, m ga-eme.'

Negation

Enwere nkebiokwu atọ a na-eji maka mkparị na Awara. Abụọ ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ do= na = emeghari, nke a na-ahụ tupu ha emegharị ngwaa. ma bụ negator nke atọ, nke a na-eji ihe dị mkpa, onye nke atọ hortatives, ma ọ bụ mmeju nke modal noun = nangän .

.. epuxu-wa do=nu-kin. pụta-1s. DS NEG=1s.o-hit-23p. OGE gara aga 'M wee pụọ ma ha akụghị m ihe.' Quigley (2011). The phonology and verbal system of Awara : a Papuan language of the Finisterre Range, Papua New Guinea. Canberra, A.C.T. : Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1–263. ISBN 9780858836303. Quigley, Edward; Qingley, Susan (2011). The phonology and verbal system of Awara : a Papuan language of the Finisterre Range, Papua New Guinea. Canberra, A.C.T. : Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. pp. 1–263. ISBN 9780858836303.</ref>

Ntụaka

Ụka na ọrụ gọọmentị na-ekewa, mana ha adịghịkwa ekewa n'ihi na ndị nwere ọrụ iduzi na gọọmentị na-enwekarị ọrụ iduzi n'ụka. Na njedebe ngwaa ahụ iji gosipụta ma omume ahụ gbasara gị onye ọzọ ma ọ bụ karịa otu onye. Ihe atụ nke a ga-abụ ịgbanwe ngwaa maka ịkwa akwa n'ime ọ ga-akwa ya, ngwaa maka ịkwa akwa bụ bup iji gbanwee nke a ga-akwa anyị kwesịrị ịgbakwunye pik mgbe ọ gasịrị. Nke a gbanwere okwu ka ọ

Njikọ mpụga

• Alphabet na ịkpọ okwu