Asụsụ Bantawa
| Bantawa बान्तावा | ||
|---|---|---|
| : | Bantawa language.svg | |
| Spoken in: | Nepal, and Sikkim, Darjeeling, Kalimpong in India | |
| Total speakers: | Templeeti:Sigfig | |
| Language family: | Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Mahakiranti (?) Kiranti Central Southern BantawaTempleeti:Infobox Language/scriptTempleeti:Infobox Language/official | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | wly — Waling
| |
Asụsụ Bantawa (a na-akpọkwa ya dị ka An Yüng, Bantaba, Bantawa Dum, Bantawa Yong, Bantawa Yüng, Bontawa, Kirawa Yüng), bụ asụsụ Kiranti na-asụ n'ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Himalayan nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal site n'aka agbụrụ Kirati Bantawa. Ha na-eji usoro mkpụrụedemede syllabic mara dị ka Kirat Rai . N'etiti ndị Khambu ma ọ bụ Rai nke Eastern Nepal, Sikkim, Darjeeling na Kalimpong na India, Bantawa bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị. [2] Dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ mba 2001 siri dị, opekata mpe 1.63% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Nepal na-asụ Bantawa. Ihe dị ka 370,000 na-asụ asụsụ Bantawa na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Nepal (2001). Ọ bụ ezie na Bantawa so na ụdị asụsụ Bantawa ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ọ dabara n'ụdị asụsụ 100,000 dị n'ihe egwu. [3] Ọ na-enwe mgbanwe asụsụ na Nepali, ọkachasị na mpaghara ugwu. [4]
A na-asụ Bantawa n'usoro isiokwu-ihe-ngwaa, na enweghị akara aha ma ọ bụ okike. [5]
Olumba
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọtụtụ n'ime ezinụlọ Bantawa bi ugbu a na Bhojpur, Dharan, Illam, na Dhankuta. Ọnụọgụ na-adịbeghị anya gosiri na ọtụtụ n'ime ha bi na Dharan. A na-asụ Bantawa na mpaghara ndị a na Nepal ( Ethnologue ).
- Mpaghara No. 1 : Mpaghara Bhojpur, Mpaghara Dhankuta, Mpaghara Ilam, Mpaghara Jhapa, Mpaghara Khotang, Mpaghara Morang, Mpaghara Okhaldhunga, Mpaghara Panchthar, Mpaghara Sunsari, Mpaghara Taplejung na Udayapur District
- Sikkim, Darjeeling, Kalimpong nke India
Olumba dị ka ndị a ( Ethnologue ).
- Northern Bantawa (Dilpali)
- Olumba ndị ugwu: Mangpahang, Raipachha, Awaichha, Rungchenbung na Yangma
- Ndịda Bantawa (Chewali, Okhreli, Hatuwali, Hangkhim)
- Southern na Northern Bantawa, nke yiri ya, enwere ike ijikọ ọnụ dị ka 'Intermediate Bantawa'.
- Eastern Bantawa (Dhankuta)
- Olumba ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ nke kacha dị iche. Ọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Dungmali, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nwere njikọ na asụsụ Puma, asụsụ Sampang na asụsụ Chhintange .
- Western Bantawa (Amchoke, Amchauke)
- Olumba Amchaucke: Sorung, Saharaja, Lulam, na Sukita
- Wana Bantawa (nke a na-akpọkwa Bantawa), nke ndị obere Bantawa na-asụ. A na-asụ olumba Amchoke na mpaghara Limbu, ọkachasị na mpaghara Ilam.
A na-ahụtakwa Bantawa dị ka ezinụlọ kacha elu na ezinụlọ Kiranti. A kọkwara na a na-eji Bantawa eme ihe dị ka asụsụ asụsụ n'etiti ndị obere Rai na Himalayan Sikkim, Darjeeling Kalimpong Na India na Bhutan . Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ewebata asụsụ ahụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ole na ole na ọkwa mbụ (Afọ 1 - Afọ 5) [6] site na iji edemede Devanagari . [7] [8]
Asụsụ Waling na-apụ apụ nke agbanyere na njedebe narị afọ nke 19 nwere ike ịbụ ụdị Bantawa dị iche iche, ma ọ bụ asụsụ nwere njikọ chiri anya, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị olumba Hatuwali ndị Waling na-asụ taa.
Asụsụ Bantawa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bantawa | IPA | Nepali | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sewa सेवा | sewä | नमस्ते | Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening, |
| Kok कोक | kok | भात | Food, Rice |
| Khan खान | kʰän | तरकारी | Curry |
| Münachi मनाचि | mɨnätsi | मानिसहरू | People |
| Diwa दिवा | diwä | बाजे | Grandfather |
| Dima दिमा | dimä | बजू | Grandmother |
| Papa पापा | päpä | बुबा | Father |
| Mama मामा | mämä | आमा | Mother |
| Nana नाना | nänä | दिदी | Elder-sister |
| Nichhama निछामा | nitsʰmä | बहिनी | Little-Sister |
| Dewa देवा | dewä | ठूलो बुबा | Uncle elder to dad |
| Dema देमा | demä | बडी आमा | Aunt Elder to Dad/ Dad's elder sister-in-law |
| Baŋa बाङा | bäŋä | काका | Uncle younger to Dad |
| Chhɨna छ़ना | tsʰɨnä | काकी | Younger uncle wife |
| Büwa ब़वा | bɨwä | दाजु | Elder Brother |
| Nichha निछा | nit͡sʰä | भाइ | Younger Brother |
| Nichha'o Chhachi निछा:ओ छाची | nitsʰäʔo tsʰätsi | भाइबहिनीका छोराछोरी | Brothers' or sisters' children |
| Aachhuwa, chhuwa आछुवा, छुवा | ätsʰuwa tsʰuwa | मामा | Mother's younger Brother |
| Phekwa फेकवा | pek-wa | पैसा | Money |
| Teet तित | tit | लुगा | Cloths |
| Cha'wa चा:वा | t͡säʔwä | पानी | Water |
| Mi मि | mi | आगो | Fire |
| Thuli थुलि | tʰuli | पिठो | Flour |
| Sampicha साम्पिचा | sämpit͡sä | कोदो | Millet |
| Khabat, Wachhon खाबात, वाछोन | kʰäwät wät͡sʰon | जाड | Locally brew wine |
| Hengmawa हेङमावा | heŋmäwä | रक्सी | Rum/Whisky/Brandy |
| Sa सा | sä | मासु | Meat |
| Chhüna छ़ना | t͡sʰɨnä | फुपु | Aunt (Father's sister) |
| Diwa, Dima दिवा, दिमा | diwä dimä | हजुरबुवा, हजुरआमा | Grandfather, Grandmother |
| Oyatni ओयात्नी | ohyätni | यहाँ तिर | Here |
| Moyatni मोयात्नी | moyätni | त्यहाँ तिर | There |
| Khada खादा | kʰädä | कहाँ | Where |
| Demni देम्नी | demni | कति | How |
| Unni उन्नी | unni | यति मात्र | This much |
| Chama चामा | t͡sämä | खानु | to Eat |
| Tücha त़चा | tɨ t͡sä | खाने हो? | Do you want to eat? |
| Kok Tücha? कोक त़चा ? | kok tɨ t͡sä | खाना खाने हो ? | Do you eat rice? |
| Küng | kɨŋ | दात | teeth |
| Ütlo | ɨt-lo | नराम्रो, खराब | bad |
| Munima मुनिमा | munimä | बिरालो | Cat |
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Central | Azu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| na-agbaghị gburugburu | |||
| Mechie | i ᤀᤡ ⟨ इ ⟩ | ɨ ~ ə ⟨ ⟩ | u ᤀᤢ ⟨ उ ⟩ |
| N'etiti etiti | e ᤀᤣ ⟨ ⟩ | o ᤀᤥ ⟨ ⟩ | |
| Oghere-etiti | ʌ ⟨ अ ⟩ | ||
| Mepee | ä ⟨ आ ⟩ | ||
- ʌ vowel comes in Bantawa due to influence of Nepali language and it is rarely used like in other Tibetan Burmese language.
- nowadays some dialect or in region may pronounce /ɨ/ as [ʌ], [u], or [ə].
Ọmụmaatụ: mɨk (anya) akpọ mʌk, pɨ (agwọ) dị ka pʌ .
Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Glotta stop [ ʔ ] bụ otu n'ime consonants nke asụsụ Bantawa nke na-anọchi anya ya site na iji ⟨ : ⟩ .
- Consonant eze na Apico-alveolar anaghị eme ihe ọ bụla mgbe ọ na-ekwu okwu.
- Iji dee asụsụ Bantawa Kirat Sirijunga lipi na Devanagari lipi ka a na-eji na Nepal.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Kirat Rai script:Omniglot.
- ↑ "Language use among the Bantawa: Homogeneity, education, access, and relative prestige", SIL International, 2013-01-28. Retrieved on 2017-02-10. (in en)
- ↑ Bantawa: observations of a threatened language. robbie.eugraph.com. Retrieved on 2017-02-10.
- ↑ "Bantawa", Ethnologue. Retrieved on 2017-02-10.
- ↑ "Bantawa", Ethnologue. Retrieved on 2017-02-10.
- ↑ Jadranka Gvozdanovic (2004). Morphosyntactic transparency in Bantawa (.pdf), Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110178418. Retrieved on 2007-09-12.
- ↑ The Bantawa Rai of Nepal. Archived from the original on 2008-03-05. Retrieved on 2007-09-12.
- ↑ Bantawa, A language of Nepal. Archived from the original on December 1, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-12.
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Oge oyi, Werner. 2003. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Bantawa . Ọnọdụ na linguistics - akwụkwọ 20. Mouton de Gruyter: New York.
- Doornenbal, Marius. 2009. A Grammar nke Bantawa . Mahadum Leiden PhD Thesis. Usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ LOT: Utrecht.