Asụsụ Barito
Asụsụ Barito dị ihe dị ka asụsụ iri abụọ Austronesian nke Indonesia ( Borneo ), gbakwunyere Malagasy, asụsụ mba Madagascar, na asụsụ Sama–Bajaw gburugburu Sulu Archipelago. Akpọrọ ha aha nke osimiri Barito dị na South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Otu obere ndị Barito bụ Hudson (1967), nwere ngalaba atọ nke East Barito, West Barito na Mahakam (Barito–Mahakam) tụpụtara ya. Ụfọdụ na-eche na ọ bụ Sprachbund kama ịbụ ezigbo clade . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Adelaar (2005) jụrụ Barito dị ka otu dị irè n'agbanyeghị ịnakwere obere omenala dịka North Bornean na Malayo-Sumbawan .
Asụsụ Malagasy sitere na mpaghara South East Borneo (Indonesia nke oge a), e jikọtara ya na Ma'anyan n'ime otu ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Barito, [1] ya na Malagasy na-etinye ọtụtụ okwu mgbazinye Indonesian - Malay na Javanese . [2] A maara na ndị Malay na ndị Java kpọtaara ndị Ma'anyan ka ndị ọrụ na ndị ohu na ụgbọ mmiri ha na-azụ ahịa, nke rutere Madagascar site na ca. 50–500 AD. [3] [4] Dabere n'ihe akaebe asụsụ, a tụwo aro na e bugara Malagasy n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa n'etiti narị afọ nke 7 na nke 13. [5] [2] O yikarịrị ka obodo ndị na-asụ Malagasy dị iche amalitelarị na Borneo tupu ndị mbụ Malagasy kwabatara na Madagascar. [6] [7]
Barito ka ukwuu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Blust (2006) tụrụ aro na asụsụ Sama-Bajaw na-enwetakwa site na mpaghara lexical Barito, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị site n'otu ọ bụla guzobere, na Ethnologue sochiri, na-akpọ otu nke sitere na 'Greater Barito'.
Smith (2017, 2018) tụpụtara njikọ nke Greater Barito na alaka ndị a, wee were Basap dịka nwanne nwanyị nke njikọ njikọ Greater Barito, na-etolite otu Basap–Greater Barito . Otu ndị mbụ East Barito (gụnyere Smith's Southeast Barito, Central-East Barito na Northeast Barito) na West Barito (gụnyere Southwest Barito na Northwest Barito) ka Smith jụrụ.
West Kalimantan dị iche iche
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụfọdụ otu agbụrụ Dayak na-asụ Barito na asụsụ ha dị na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Kalimantan, Indonesia:
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
- Asụsụ Indonesia
- Ndị Indonesia si mba ofesi
- Ụmụ amaala Indonesia
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]car site na ca. 50–500 AD. [1] [2] [3] Dabere n'ihe akaebe asụsụ, a tụwo aro na e bugara Malagasy n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa n'etiti
- ↑ Blust (2013). The Austronesian languages, Revised, Asia-Pacific Linguistics 008 (in en), Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University. ISBN 978-1-922185-07-5. OCLC 851066712.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Adelaar (2006). "Borneo as a Cross-Roads for Comparative Austronesian Linguistics", in Bellwood: The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives (in en). Canberra: ANU E Press, 81–102. DOI:10.22459/A.09.2006.04. ISBN 1-920942-85-8. OCLC 225298720.
- ↑ Dewar (1993). "The culture history of Madagascar". Journal of World Prehistory 7 (4): 417–466. DOI:10.1007/bf00997802.
- ↑ (August 2004) "A chronology for late prehistoric Madagascar". Journal of Human Evolution 47 (1–2): 25–63. DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.05.005. PMID 15288523.
- ↑ Adelaar (1995). "Asian Roots of the Malagasy: A Linguistic Perspective" (in en). Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 151: 325–356. DOI:10.1163/22134379-90003036. ISSN 0006-2294.
- ↑ Adelaar (2017). "Who Were the First Malagasy, and What Did They Speak?", in Acri: Spirits and Ships: Cultural Transfers in Early Monsoon Asia, Book collections on Project MUSE 28 (in en). Singapore: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, 441–469. DOI:10.1355/9789814762779-012. ISBN 978-981-4762-75-5. OCLC 1012757769.
- ↑ Adelaar (2016). "A Linguist's Perspective on the Settlement History of Madagascar" (in en). NUSA: Linguistic Studies of Languages in and Around Indonesia 61: 69–88. DOI:10.15026/89605. ISSN 0126-2874.