Asụsụ Batak Karo
| Karo Cakap Karo | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Indonesia | |
| Region: | Karo Regency, North Sumatra | |
| Total speakers: | Templeeti:Sigfig | |
| Language family: | Tustrunizit Malayo-Polynesian Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands Batak Northern KaroTempleeti:Infobox Language/script | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | btx
| |
| Batak languages.png | ||
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Karo, nke a na-akpọ Bahasa Karo (asụsụ Karo), bụ Asụsụ Austronesian nke Indonesia)" id="mwDQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Karo people (Indonesia)">Ndị Karo nke Indonesia na-asụ. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 600,000 na-eji ya eme ihe na North Sumatra, na ndị na-asụ asụsụ na North Sumatra. ugwu ugwu nke Dairi Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia E dere ya n'iche ihe mere eme site na iji Batak nke sitere na edemede Brahmi nke India oge ochie site na edemede Pallava na Old Kawi, mana n'oge a, ọ bụ obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Karo nwere ike ide ma ọ bụ edemede ahụ, kama a na-eji edemede Latin..
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Karo bụ Northern Batak, ma nwee ike njikọ chiri anya na Pakpak na Alas.[1] A adịghị ya site na ahia Southern Batak, dị ka Toba, Angkola na Mandailing.[1]
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]E nwere ọtụtụ olumba n'ime Karo. Nnukwu ike dị n'etiti olumba ndị a na-asụrụ n'ebe egwuregwu na olumba ndị na-asụrụ n'ebe ọmụmụ.[1] A na-ekewa ihe ndị a n'ụzọ dị ukwuu dabere na nke phonological na lexical. A na-asụ asụsụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ ọmụmụ ma na-ebute ya n'ihu n'asụsụ asụsụ. N'otu aka ahụ, a na-ahụ diphthongs n'asụsụ ọmụmụ dị ka monophthongs na-egosi ike ọmụmụ..[1]
| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Alveo ezé<br id="mwgw"> | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨ng⟩ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | |
| voiced | b | d | __ibo____ibo__ Nkọwa⟨j⟩ | ɡ | ||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | s | h | ||||
| N'akụkụ | l | |||||
| Na-eme mkpọtụ | r | |||||
| Ọkara ụdaolu | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨y⟩ | w | ||||
Ọdịdị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Batak Karo nwere reduplication na-ewu ihe. Reduplication zuru oke na-emekarị na klas okwu mepere emepe ma ọtụtụ ọrụ dị iche iche. nkọwa, reduplication nke aha nwere ike ịpụta ọtụtụ (tulan 'ọkpụkpụ' → tulan-tulan 'ịkpụ') na i ike na myirịta (berku 'oghere akị bekee' → gre-berku 'okpu'). Reduplication nke ngwaa nwere ike ugboro ugboro ugboro (nungkun 'na- egwu' → nungkun-nungkun 'nọgide na-foot')), oge (ngukiri 'iche echiche' → ngukur-ngukuri 'na-eche echiche') ma ọ bụ i okwu (medem 'na-ehi Ụra' → medem-medem 'nọdụ ala, zuru ike").
Batak Karo nwere ikike dị n'etiti olu onye na-eme ihe nkiri na olu onye nwere ndidi maka ngwaa na-agafe agafe ma ọrụ ike ya dị ka Asụsụ Indonesian. A na-eji akara N-. N- na-ahụ ya na ebe nchekwa nke ogwe ya na ya na-ejigide, a na-ahụkwa ya dị ka [m] tupu tupu ezé, alveolar na palatal na fricatives na [ŋ] tupu echekwa velar. A na-eji akara ntụgharị ntụgharị i-. Dị ka ndị ọzọ nke Indonesian, Batak Karo see ngwa (mkpịsịsị -ken dị ka ngwa n'ozuzu, na -i dị ka ngwa locative.).
Nchịkọta okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Batak Karo na-agbanwekarị n'etiti isiokwu-mbido na predicate-mbido okwu iwu maka ahịrịokwu na-agafe agafe, ọ bụ ezie na mmasị bụ maka ahịrị okwu Actor Voice ka ọ bụrụ isiokwu-mbụ. Predicate-Undergoer-Actor bụ usoro okwu a na-ahụkarị mgbe a na-eji nnọchiaha ajụjụ dochie onye na-aga. N'ụzọ dị iche, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-ekwe omume maka ahịrịokwu olu onye ọrịa itinye isiokwu ahụ (onye na-agafe na ahịrịokwu ụda olu onye ọrịa) n'ọnọdụ mbụ, iwu okwu mbido-okwu na-adịkarị, na onye na-agagharị na-etinye n'azụ ma okwu na onye na'ime.