Asụsụ Bugan
Bugan, Bogan, Pakan, ma ọ bụ Bugeng (布甘语, 布干语, ma ọ bụ 布赓语) bụ asụsụ Austroasiatic . [1] Ndị mba ụwa amabeghị ịdị adị nke asụsụ Bugan ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Enwere ihe dị ka ndị na-ekwu okwu 3000, ọkachasị n'obodo ụfọdụ dị na ndịda Guangnan (广南) na ugwu Xichou (西畴), Yunnan Province, China . Bugan bụ asụsụ nyocha, usoro okwu na okwu inyeaka nwere ọrụ dị mkpa na ụtọ asụsụ. [2]
Nkesa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Li Jinfang (1996)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka Li Jinfang (1996) si kwuo, a na-ekesa ndị na-asụ Bugan n'ime obodo asaa dị na ndịda Guangnan (广南) na ugwu Xichou (西畴), Yunnan Province, China . Ebe ọ bụ na asụsụ ahụ bụ otu, a naghị ekewa ya n'asụsụ ọ bụla.
- Laowalong 老挖龙 (ndị Bugan naanị); Asụsụ Bugan: pə55 luŋ13
- Xinwalong 新挖龙 (ndị Bugan naanị); Asụsụ Bugan: pə55 tsuŋ13
- Jiuping 九平 (Ndị Bugan na Han ndị China); Asụsụ Bugan: pə55 tsiaŋ31
- Shibeipo 石北坡 (ndị Bugan naanị); Asụsụ Bugan: pə55 ɕe13
- Xinzhai 新寨 (Ndị China Bugan na Han); Asụsụ Bugan: li̠31 laŋ13
- Malong 马龙 (ndị Bugan naanị); Asụsụ Bugan: pə55 ɣu31
- Nala 那拉 (Bugan na Han ndị China)
Li Yunbing (2005)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dika nyocha nke Li Yunbing (2005) mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị Bugan, nke nwere ngụkọta nke ezinụlọ 500+ na mmadụ 2,700+, bi n'ebe ndị a.
- Laowalong 老挖龙, Nasa Township 那洒镇; [3] asụsụ Bugan: pə31 loŋ55
- Xinwalong 新挖龙; [4] asụsụ Bugan: pə31 tɕoŋ55
- Xiaoping 小坪寨 ; Asụsụ Bugan: pə31 tɕaŋ55
- Nala 那腊; [5] asụsụ Bugan: pə31 pʰja44
- Jiuping 九坪, Obodo Zhuanjiao 篆角乡 (Chongtian Township 冲天乡); [6] asụsụ Bugan: pə31 tɕa̠ŋ31
- Shibeipo 石碑坡; [7] asụsụ Bugan: pə55 ɕe24
- Manlong 曼龙; [8] Bugan asụsụ: pu31ɣu31
Li Yunbing na-ejikwa okwu Bùgēng (布赓) n'ọnọdụ Bùgān (布甘).
Ndị mmadụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aka ndị Bugan bụ pə55 ka̠n33, ebe ndị Han China gbara ya gburugburu na-akpọ ha Huazu ( Chinese ; n'ụzọ nkịtị "ndị ifuru") ma ọ bụ Hualo ( Chinese ) n'ihi uwe ha mara mma. Aha njirimara ndị ọzọ bụ pu55 qe̠ŋ44 (na Manlong, Xichou County ) na pə55 qe̠ŋ44 (na Nala na Xinwalong na Guangnan County ). Ha bụ obere agbụrụ a na-amataghị, ma na-ekewa ugbu a dị ka Yi . Ndị Bugan bụ endogamous, ya mere ha anaghị alụkarị ndị sitere na agbụrụ ndị ọzọ
Ndị Bugan na-eme ememme ụbọchị ọhụrụ nke ha n'April nke kalenda ọnwa ndị China, nke dị iche na nke afọ ọhụrụ Chinese Han.
- Ụda na akara mmuke (*): /q h / na /v/, ka a na-anụ naanị n'olumba dị iche iche.
- Ụda ụyọkọ consonant Prenasal gụnyere /ᵐd, ᵐd͡z, ᵐt͡s, ᵐt͡sʰ/.
- A na-anụ ụda /t͡s, t͡sʰ, ⁿd͡z/ ka alveolo-palatal [t͡ɕ, t͡ɕʰ, ᶮd͡ʑ] mgbe aga /i/.
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ihe dị iche n'etiti ụdaume-akpịrị akwara na ụdaume lax-akpịrị ( larịị).
| N'ihu | Central | Azu | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| larịị | ike | larịị | ike | larịị | ike | ||||
| Mechie | i | y | i | ɯ | u | ɯ | u | ||
| N'etiti etiti | e | e | ə | o | |||||
| Oghere-etiti | ɛ | ɛ | ɔ | ||||||
| Mepee | a | a | |||||||
Ihe ndetu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ (2005) in Gordon: Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 15th (in en), Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- ↑ [Buganyu] (zh). Zhōngguó mínzú yǔyán yánjiū wǎng. Archived from the original on 2012-03-22.
- ↑ Guǎngnán Xiàn Nàsǎ Zhèn Lóngwāngdòng Cūnwěihuì Lǎowālóng Zìráncūn (zh). ynszxc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2018-08-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-23.
- ↑ Guǎngnán Xiàn Nàsǎ Zhèn Lóngwāngdòng Cūnwěihuì Xīnwālóng Zìráncūn (zh). ynszxc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2018-08-15. Retrieved on 2012-09-23.
- ↑ Guǎngnán Xiàn Nàsǎ Zhèn Lóngwāngdòng Cūnwěihuì Nàlà Zìráncūn (zh). ynszxc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved on 2012-09-23.
- ↑ Guǎngnán Xiàn Zhuànjiǎo Xiāng Dàpíng Cūnmín Wěiyuánhuì Jiǔpíng Zìráncūn (zh). ynszxc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved on 2012-09-23.
- ↑ Guǎngnán Xiàn Zhuànjiǎo Xiāng Dàpíng Cūnmín Wěiyuánhuì Shíbēipō Zìráncūn (zh). ynszxc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved on 2012-09-23.
- ↑ Xīchóu Xiàn Jījiē Xiāng Hǎizi Cūnwěihuì Mànlóng Zìráncūn (zh). ynszxc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2015-04-19. Retrieved on 2012-09-23.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]mba ụwa amabeghị ịdị adị nke asụsụ Bugan ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Enwere ihe dị ka nd