Asụsụ Central Jê
The Akuwẽ : 12–4 ma ọ bụ Central Jê [1] : 547 asụsụ bụ ngalaba nke asụsụ Jê nke ejiri asụsụ abụọ dị adị ( Xavánte na Akwẽ-Xerénte ) na asụsụ abụọ na-apụ n'anya ma ọ bụ na-ehi ụra, nke a na-edochaghị anya ( Xakriabá na Acroá ). [2] Ha na asụsụ Goyaz Jê bụ alaka Cerrado nke ezinụlọ Jê .
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ Akuwẽ na-ekekọrịta ọtụtụ ihe ọhụrụ ọhụrụ, dị ka Akuwẽ/Central Jê vowel shift, : 61 [3] : 164 ụda na-agbanwe *ka-> *wa-, [3] : 161 : [4] 70–1 na ihe jikọrọ ọnụ, [3] : 159–161 bụ́ ndị na-ekewa ha nke ọma n’asụsụ Jê ndị ọzọ niile.
Ihe e ji mara asụsụ Akuwẽ bụ ịdị adị nke usoro allomorphy dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-eme ka nhọrọ nke allomorph bụrụ ọnọdụ nke okwu n'ime syntagm (ya bụ ma okwu ahụ dị n'etiti ma ọ bụ na njedebe nke syntagm). : 139–43 A na-atụ aro na ọ ga-ekwe omume ị nweta ma allomorphs (ndị na-eme syntagm-n'ime na ndị na-eme syntagm-n'ikpeazụ) site na ihe nnọchianya ndị dị n'otu, nke gụnyere codeas dị n'okpuru. [3]: 155–168
Mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Bere a Proto-Cerrado rekɔ so no, woyii Proto-Akuwẽ no.
| Proto-Cerrado | Proto-Akuwẽ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| oral nucleus | nasal nucleus | oral nucleus (Proto-Cerrado non-high vowel) |
oral nucleus (Proto-Cerrado high vowel) |
before a diphthong | nasal nucleus |
| *p */p/ | *p */p/ | *b */b/ | N/A | *m */b/ | |
| *mb */m/ | *m */m/ | ||||
| *pr */pɾ/ | *pr */pɾ/ | N/A | *mr */bɾ/ | ||
| *mbr */mɾ/ | *mr */mɾ/ | N/A | |||
| *w */w/ | *w */w/ | ||||
| *t */t/ | *t */t/ | *d */d/ | *∅ | *n */d/ | |
| *nd */n/ | *n */n/ | N/A | |||
| *r */ɾ/ | *r */ɾ/ | *∅ | *r */ɾ/ | ||
| *c */c/ | *c */c/ | *ĵ */ɟ/, *h */h/ (before *i) | *∅ | *c */c/ | |
| *nĵ */ɲ/ | N/A | N/A | |||
| *j */j/ | *ñ */j/ | *ĵ */ĵ/, *c */c/ (before *i) | *k */k/ | *ñ */ĵ/ | |
| *k */k/ | *k */k/ (unstressed *ka- > *wa-) |
*h */h/ | *∅ | *k */k/ | |
| *ŋg */ŋ/ | *ŋ */ŋ/ | N/A | |||
| *kr */kɾ/ | *kr */kɾ/ | *kr */kɾ/ | |||
| *ŋgr */ŋɾ/ | *ŋr */ŋɾ/ | N/A | |||
| *g */g/ | *g */g/ | N/A | |||
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]nke otu asụsụ Naic, nke a na-asụ na Muli County, ọdịda anyanwụ Sichuan, China .
- ↑ Ribeiro (2010). "Nimuendajú was right: the inclusion of the Jabutí language family in the Macro-Jê stock". International Journal of American Linguistics 76 (4): 517–70. DOI:10.1086/658056.
- ↑ Carvalho (5 January 2015). "The Structure of Akroá and Xakriabá and their relation to Xavante and Xerente: A contribution to the historical linguistics of the Jê languages". LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas 15 (1): 17. DOI:10.20396/liames.v15i1.8641494.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Nikulin (2017). "A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Cerrado (Jê family)". Journal of Language Relationship 15 (3): 147–180. DOI:10.31826/jlr-2018-153-404. Nikulin, Andrey (2017). "A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Cerrado (Jê family)". Journal of Language Relationship. 15 (3): 147–180. doi:10.31826/jlr-2018-153-404.
- ↑ de Carvalho (2016). "On the Development of the Proto–Northern Jê Rhotic in Panará Historical Phonology". Anthropological Linguistics 58 (1): 52–78. DOI:10.1353/anl.2016.0019.