Gaa na ọdịnaya

Asụsụ Chepang

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Language name
Spoken in: — 
Region:
Total speakers:
Language family: Default
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2:
ISO 639-3:

Chepang bụ asụsụ ihe ruru mmadụ 59,000 na-asụ na South-Central Nepal . A maara ndị mmadụ dị ka Chepang . Randy LaPolla (2003) tụrụ aro na Chepang nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ nke otu nnukwu " Rung ". Otu ọzọ na-asụ Chepang, bi n'ofe osimiri Narayani, na-akpọ onwe ha Bujheli.

fonology

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Consonants

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Consonants Chepang [1]
Labial eze Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Ihu imi m ŋ
Kwụsị Enweghị olu p t͡s k
Ekwuru b d͡z g
Nke na-ese okwu s h
Odika l j w

Nghọta ụda olu

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-enweta nkwụsị glottal n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị dị ka mmechi zuru oke ma na-egosipụta ya dị ka ụda dara ada, laryngealization, re-articulation, ma ọ bụ site na ịgbatị akụkụ ahụ tupu . [2] Edepụtara ụfọdụ ọmụmaatụ nke ihe omume nwere ike ime n'okpuru:

  • Mbipụta mkpụrụokwu
    • Mmechi zuru oke [ʔ] na mmalite okwu - (ʔ / #__)
    • Mweghachi [<] na mmalite okwu - (< / #__)
    • Laryngealization [◌
    • Ịdị ogologo nke akụkụ gara aga [:] mgbe consonants na-abụghị glottal - ( : / C [-glottal]__)
  • Ikpeazụ mkpụrụokwu
    • Mmechi zuru oke na njedebe nke okwu — (ʔ / __#) ma ọ bụ mgbe ị na-eso ụdaume ma na-aga n'ihu consonant enweghị olu - (ʔ / V__C [-olu])
    • Laryngealization na-eso ụdaume ma na-aga n'ihu nkwụsị nke glottal — (◌. / V__ʔ)
    • Na na-ada ụda n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ niile

[2] Glottal fricative /h/ na-enweta n'ọtụtụ ụzọ na ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụ anya na gburugburu ebe a na-ahụ anya na-eme. Ọmụmaatụ:

  • N'ihe dị n'akụkụ abụọ na-agbagharị agbagharị, ọ bụrụ na n'isi mmalite okwu, fọnịm mbụ na-aghọ enweghị olu
  • Ọ bụrụ na n'ọgwụgwụ okwu, ekwentị nke abụọ na-aghọ enweghị olu
    • Okwu aal (nke pụtara 'egwu ma ọ bụ ísì anụmanụ') ka ejiri ụda olu dee ya dị ka [ḁal]
    • na okwu samm (nke pụtara 'fuzz of bamboo') ka ejiri ụda olu dee ya ka [samm̥]
  • Ọchịchọ siri ike na-apụta na ihe mgbochi na-enweghị olu
    • A na-edegharị okwu ahụ phek (nke pụtara 'broom') n'ụzọ ụda olu ka [p h ek]
  • Olu ume n'akụkụ mbụ nke syllable ahụ na gburugburu ebe ndị na-egbochi ụda olu
    • Okwu gaŋ (nke putara 'oghere') ka edere dika [ɡ̈a̤ŋ]
  • /h/ nwere ike ịghọ /s/ n'okwu ngwa ngwa mgbe ị na-eso /j/ na bu ụzọ /k/
  • /h/ nwekwara ike ịghọ /x/ mgbe ọ na-aga n'ihu na /j/ na tupu /ʔ/

/w/ mgbe kpọmkwem na-esote ụdaume ihu dị ka labio-eze nso [ʋ] [2]

Udaume Chepang [1]
N'ihu Central Azu
Mechie i u
N'etiti e ə o
Mepee a

Nnyocha na-egosi na Chepang nwere ike inwe usoro ụdaume atọ n'otu oge. [2] Udaume ndị ahụ bụ /i/ /u/ na /ə/, nke a bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe maka usoro ụdaume atọ dịka ha na-enwekarị /a/ /i/ na /u/ dị ka a na-ahụ na Classical Arabic, Greenlandic na Quechua .

Enwere ike ịkọwa Chepang dị ka inwe usoro okwu bụ isi nke S isiokwu O bject V erb ( SOV ) nwere mgbanwe ụfọdụ n'ihi ọnọdụ. Ederede dị n'okpuru na-enye ọmụmaatụ:   Mana ọ siri ike ịkọwa isiokwu na ihe maka asụsụ ahụ na Chepang na enwere ike ịkọwa ya nke ọma dị ka asụsụ ngwaa-ikpeazụ. Ngwaa ahụ na-esokarị nkebiokwu aha ya na ihe ndị ọzọ mejupụtara ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ ịhụ NP na-agbaso ngwaa a na-eji dị ka echiche emechaa.  

Nkesa ala

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-asụ Chepang na mpaghara ndị a na Nepal ( Ethnologue ).

  • Mpaghara Makanpur, Bagmati Province
  • Chitwan District, Bagmati Province
  • Southern Dhading District, Bagmati Province
  • Southern Gorkha District, Gandaki Province

Olumba bụ Western Chepang na Eastern Chepang.

Ntụaka

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

plural, yana dị iche iche onye nke mbụ gụ n'ebe ugwu Tamur, n'ebe ọdịda anyanw

  1. 1.0 1.1 Moran (2012). "Revisiting population size vs. phoneme inventory size". Language 88 (4): 877–893. DOI:10.1353/lan.2012.0087. ISSN 1535-0665.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Caughley (1982). The Syntax and Morphology of the Verb in Chepang. Melbourne: Pacific Linguistics, 1.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content