Asụsụ Chepang
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Chepang bụ asụsụ ihe ruru mmadụ 59,000 na-asụ na South-Central Nepal . A maara ndị mmadụ dị ka Chepang . Randy LaPolla (2003) tụrụ aro na Chepang nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ nke otu nnukwu " Rung ". Otu ọzọ na-asụ Chepang, bi n'ofe osimiri Narayani, na-akpọ onwe ha Bujheli.
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Labial | eze | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ihu imi | m | n̪ | ŋ | ||||
Kwụsị | Enweghị olu | p | t̪ | t͡s | k | ||
Ekwuru | b | d̪ | d͡z | g | |||
Nke na-ese okwu | s | h | |||||
Odika | l | j | w |
Nghọta ụda olu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-enweta nkwụsị glottal n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị dị ka mmechi zuru oke ma na-egosipụta ya dị ka ụda dara ada, laryngealization, re-articulation, ma ọ bụ site na ịgbatị akụkụ ahụ tupu . [2] Edepụtara ụfọdụ ọmụmaatụ nke ihe omume nwere ike ime n'okpuru:
- Mbipụta mkpụrụokwu
- Mmechi zuru oke [ʔ] na mmalite okwu - (ʔ / #__)
- Mweghachi [<] na mmalite okwu - (< / #__)
- Laryngealization [◌
- Ịdị ogologo nke akụkụ gara aga [:] mgbe consonants na-abụghị glottal - ( : / C [-glottal]__)
- Ikpeazụ mkpụrụokwu
- Mmechi zuru oke na njedebe nke okwu — (ʔ / __#) ma ọ bụ mgbe ị na-eso ụdaume ma na-aga n'ihu consonant enweghị olu - (ʔ / V__C [-olu])
- Laryngealization na-eso ụdaume ma na-aga n'ihu nkwụsị nke glottal — (◌. / V__ʔ)
- Na na-ada ụda n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ niile
[2] Glottal fricative /h/ na-enweta n'ọtụtụ ụzọ na ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụ anya na gburugburu ebe a na-ahụ anya na-eme. Ọmụmaatụ:
- N'ihe dị n'akụkụ abụọ na-agbagharị agbagharị, ọ bụrụ na n'isi mmalite okwu, fọnịm mbụ na-aghọ enweghị olu
- Ọ bụrụ na n'ọgwụgwụ okwu, ekwentị nke abụọ na-aghọ enweghị olu
- Okwu aal (nke pụtara 'egwu ma ọ bụ ísì anụmanụ') ka ejiri ụda olu dee ya dị ka [ḁal]
- na okwu samm (nke pụtara 'fuzz of bamboo') ka ejiri ụda olu dee ya ka [samm̥]
- Ọchịchọ siri ike na-apụta na ihe mgbochi na-enweghị olu
- A na-edegharị okwu ahụ phek (nke pụtara 'broom') n'ụzọ ụda olu ka [p h ek]
- Olu ume n'akụkụ mbụ nke syllable ahụ na gburugburu ebe ndị na-egbochi ụda olu
- Okwu gaŋ (nke putara 'oghere') ka edere dika [ɡ̈a̤ŋ]
- /h/ nwere ike ịghọ /s/ n'okwu ngwa ngwa mgbe ị na-eso /j/ na bu ụzọ /k/
- /h/ nwekwara ike ịghọ /x/ mgbe ọ na-aga n'ihu na /j/ na tupu /ʔ/
/w/ mgbe kpọmkwem na-esote ụdaume ihu dị ka labio-eze nso [ʋ] [2]
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'ihu | Central | Azu | |
---|---|---|---|
Mechie | i | u | |
N'etiti | e | ə | o |
Mepee | a |
Nnyocha na-egosi na Chepang nwere ike inwe usoro ụdaume atọ n'otu oge. [2] Udaume ndị ahụ bụ /i/ /u/ na /ə/, nke a bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe maka usoro ụdaume atọ dịka ha na-enwekarị /a/ /i/ na /u/ dị ka a na-ahụ na Classical Arabic, Greenlandic na Quechua .
Syntax
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere ike ịkọwa Chepang dị ka inwe usoro okwu bụ isi nke S isiokwu O bject V erb ( SOV ) nwere mgbanwe ụfọdụ n'ihi ọnọdụ. Ederede dị n'okpuru na-enye ọmụmaatụ: Mana ọ siri ike ịkọwa isiokwu na ihe maka asụsụ ahụ na Chepang na enwere ike ịkọwa ya nke ọma dị ka asụsụ ngwaa-ikpeazụ. Ngwaa ahụ na-esokarị nkebiokwu aha ya na ihe ndị ọzọ mejupụtara ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ ịhụ NP na-agbaso ngwaa a na-eji dị ka echiche emechaa.
Nkesa ala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-asụ Chepang na mpaghara ndị a na Nepal ( Ethnologue ).
- Mpaghara Makanpur, Bagmati Province
- Chitwan District, Bagmati Province
- Southern Dhading District, Bagmati Province
- Southern Gorkha District, Gandaki Province
Olumba bụ Western Chepang na Eastern Chepang.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]plural, yana dị iche iche onye nke mbụ gụ n'ebe ugwu Tamur, n'ebe ọdịda anyanw
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Moran (2012). "Revisiting population size vs. phoneme inventory size". Language 88 (4): 877–893. DOI:10.1353/lan.2012.0087. ISSN 1535-0665. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Caughley (1982). The Syntax and Morphology of the Verb in Chepang. Melbourne: Pacific Linguistics, 1. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content