Asụsụ Dhao
| Dhao | |
|---|---|
| Ndao | |
| Pronunciation | [ˈɖ͡ʐao] |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Lesser Sunda Islands |
Native speakers
|
(5,000 cited 1997)[1] |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nfa
|
| Glottolog | dhao1237
|
| ELP | Dhao |
Page Module:Location map/styles.css has no content.
  Ndao island Location of Ndao island, where Dhao is spoken.  Ndao island Ndao island (Indonesia) | |
| Coordinates: 10°49′S 122°40′E / 10.817°S 122.667°E | |
Asụsụ Dhao, nke ndị si mba ọzọ mara nke ọma site na aha Rotinese ya Ndao (Ndaonese, Ndaundau), bụ asụsụ Ndao Island na Indonesia. Na omenala ekesara dị ka asụsụ Sumba n'ime ezinụlọ Austronesia, ọ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ na-abụghị nke Austronesia ( Papuan ). A na-ewerebu ya dị ka olumba Hawu, mana ọ naghị aghọta n'otu n'otu .
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]phonology Dhao yiri nke Hawu, mana ọ dị mgbagwoju anya karịa na consonants ya.
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ihu imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive | enweghị olu | p | t | tʃ | k | ʔ | |
| kwuputara | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | |||
| na-eme ihe ike | ɓ | ɗ | ʄ | ɠ | |||
| Nke na-ese okwu | ( f ) | s | ʕ ~ ∅ | h | |||
| Mmekọrịta | bβ | ɖʐ | |||||
| Odika | ( w ) | l, r | ( j ) | ||||
Udaume bụ /i u e ə o a/, na /ə/ e dere ⟨ ⟩ . Ụdaume ogologo ụdaume na diphthong bụ usoro ụdaume. A na-emesi ike mkpụrụ edemede/ụdaume penultimate. (Udaume ọ bụla bụ syllable.)
/ŋe/ [ŋe] 'this.OBJ', /neʔe/ [ˈneʔe] 'this', /ŋaŋee/ [ŋaˈŋeː] 'thinking', /ŋali/ [ˈŋali] 'senile', /ŋəlu/ [ˈŋəlːu] 'wind'.
Schwa nrụgide na-agbatịkwu consonant ndị a: /meda/ [ˈmeda] 'ụnyaahụ', /məda/ [ˈmədːa] 'abalị'.
Mkpuruokwu bụ ụdaume-ụdaume ma ọ bụ naanị ụdaume.
f, q, v, w, x, y na z ka a na-eji naanị okwu mbinye ego na aha mba ofesi.
Ụtọ asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dhao nwere usoro nhọpụta – isiokwu na-ebo ebubo – ngwaa–okwu ihe, n’adịghị ka Hawu. N'ime akpaokwu okwu, ndị mgbanwe na-agbaso aha. Enwere aha nnọchiaha nọọrọ onwe ya, yana kwa otu mkpọ aha clitics .
| Aha aha | Nnwere onwe | clitic |
|---|---|---|
| I | ja’a | ku |
| gi | èu | mu |
| ọ/ọ | nèngu | na ( ne ) |
| anyị ( gụnyere ) | èdhi | ti |
| anyi ( iche ) | ji’i | nga |
| unu niile | miu | mi |
| ha | rèngu | ra ( si ) |
Mgbe a na-eji clitics mee ihe, enwere ụdị proximal na onye nke atọ, ne 'Nke a' na si 'ndị a', nke ikpeazụ bụkwa maka mkpokọta mkpokọta . Mgbe eji maka isiokwu na ngwaa na-amalite na ụdaume, ha na-atụfu ụdaume ha n'ụzọ ole na ole: [2] keʔa meʔa neʔa teʔa ŋeʔa meʔa reʔa 'ịmara'. Ọtụtụ okwu ndị na-asụgharị preposition na bekee bụ ngwaa na Dhao, ma na-atụgharị dị ka nke a. Dhao nwekwara otu ngwaa ' intradirective ', laʔ 'ịga', nke clitics na-eso: laku lamu laʔa ma ọ bụ laʔe lati ( NA ) lami lasi .
Ihe ngosi na-amata ọdịiche dị nso (ebe a, ugbu a, nke a), distal (ebe ahụ, mgbe ahụ, nke ahụ), na nke dịpụrụ adịpụ (n'ebe ahụ, yon).
| Ngosipụta | Otu | Ọtụtụ |
|---|---|---|
| Nke dị nso | ne'e, ne | se'e, se |
| Ebe dị anya | èèna, na | sèra, sa |
| Ime ime | nèi, ni | sèi, si |
Nkejiokwu atụ ( Grimes (2006) ).
Ihe ndetu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Dhao at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ↑ In some cases, the clitics in -u and sometimes in -i assimilate with the verb rather than just dropping. Ku-, mu-, and mi- (but not ti-) do this with aʔa 'to know' and are 'to take': koʔa moʔa taʔa miʔa; kore more tare mere. This does not happen with other initial vowels such as schwa, such as əti 'to see' (kəti məti ...).
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]n'ime ezinụlọ Austronesia, ọ nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ na-abụghị nke Austronesiabolumba ndị a na-asụ na West Kalimantan . Nke a bụ asụsụ a na