Asụsụ Ebrié
Ebrié, ma ọ bụ Cama (Caman, Kyama, Tchaman, Tsama, Tyama), bụ ndị Tchaman na Ivory Coast na Ghana na-asụ. Ọ bụ asụsụ Potou nke alaka Kwa nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Niger–Congo .
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndepụta ekwentị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fortis, enweghị olu | pʰ [pʰ] | tʰ [tʰ] | cʰ [cʰ, tʃ] | kʰ [kʰ] | |
| Fortis, kwuru | b | d | ɟ [ɟ, dʒ] | g | gb [g͡b] |
| Lenis, enweghị olu | p [p, ɓ̥] | t [t, ɗ̥] | c [c, ʄ̊] | k [k, ɠ̊] | kp [k͡p, ɠ̊͡ɓ̥] |
| Lenis, kwuru | ɓ [ɓ, m] | ɗ [ɗ, l, r, n] | j [j, ɲ] | w [w, ŋʷ] | |
| Fricatives | f, v | s, z | h [x, h] |
Ụda [v] na [z] dị ntakịrị ma na-eme naanị na okwu ego . [1]
| Ọnụ ọnụ | Ihu imi | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mechie | i | ị | ||||
| N'etiti | e | o | ɛ̃ | ɔ̃ | ||
| Mepee | ɛ | a | ọ | ã | ||
Enweghị fọnịm consonant imi na Ebrié. Kama, ụdaume imi na-eme ka usoro consonant nke lenis a na-akpọ ụda [ɓ, ɗ, j, w] banye [m, n, ɲ, ŋʷ]. [1]
Ụda
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ebrié nwere ụda ọkwa abụọ (H na L) yana ụda dara ada (HL). [2] O nwekwara ụda na-ese n'elu mmiri, na consonants fortis a na-ekwu na-enwe ọchịchọ iwetu ụda nke ụda dị ala. [1]
Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndekọ aha aha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ntụziaka klaasị aha na Ebrié na-amata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụfọdụ homophones na n'etiti otu na ọtụtụ ụdị. Na mbụ, usoro a gaara esiwanye ike, dịka a hụrụ n'asụsụ Niger-Congo ndị ọzọ. [1]
Mfatoho foforo nso a ɛwɔ á-, à-, ɛ̃́-, na ɛ̃̀ -. Abụọ nke ikpeazụ, nke bụ ụdaume imi, nwekwara ike ịghọta dị ka syllabic imi, nke e degharịrị dị ka ɴ́ - na ɴ̀ - mana edere ya n'ụzọ ọ bụla dị ka <n>. [1]
| Symbol | IPA | Example | Transcription | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | /a/ | áyá | /ájá/ | tree |
| an | /ã/ | áphán | /ápʰã́/ | smell |
| b | /b/ | bɔ | /bɔ̀/ | toad |
| bh | /ɓ/ | ábhwe | /áɓwè/ | canari |
| c | /c/ | kɔcɛn | /kɔ̀cɛ̃̀/ | bird |
| ch | /cʰ/ | chralá | [cʰràlá] | pangolin |
| d | /d/ | du | /dù/ | snake |
| e | /e/ | ńné | [ńné] | yam |
| ɛ | /ɛ/ | ádɛ́ | /ádɛ́/ | palm tree |
| ɛn | /ɛ̃/ | átɛn | /átɛ̃̀/ | fire |
| f | /f/ | áfɔn | [áfɔ̃̀] | branch |
| g | /g/ | gwe | /gwè/ | sea |
| gb | /g͡b/ | agbu | /àg͡bù/ | rifle |
| h | /h/ | áhɔn | /áhɔ̃̀/ | axe |
| i | /i/ | ḿbi | [ḿbì] | leaf |
| j | /ɟ/ | njɔn | [ǹɟɔ̃̀] | friends |
| k | /k/ | akran | [àkrã̀] | bottle |
| kh | /kʰ/ | ákhɔn | /ákʰɔ̃̀/ | spear |
| kp | /k͡p/ | ákpró | [ák͡pró] | hat |
| l | [l, ɗ] | álɛ | [álɛ̀] | tongue |
| m | [m] | mɛn | [mɛ̃̀] | I |
| n | [n] | nnwɛ | [nnwɛ̀] | snail |
| o | /o/ | ákhokho | /ákʰòkʰò/ | back |
| ɔ | /ɔ/ | awɔ́ | /àwɔ́/ | cat |
| ɔn | /ɔ̃/ | ácɔn | /ácɔ̃̀/ | fish |
| p | /p/ | ápɔ́ | [ápɔ́] | love |
| ph | /pʰ/ | lephan | [lèpʰã̀] | someone |
| r | [r] | ahran | [àhrã̀] | canoe |
| s | /s/ | sɛ | /sɛ̀/ | man |
| t | /t/ | áta | /átà/ | insult |
| th | /tʰ/ | átha | [átʰà] | war |
| u | /u/ | ńdu | [ńdù] | water |
| v | (v) | nvra | [ǹvrà] | appatam |
| w | /w/ | áwɔ́ | /áwɔ́/ | ten |
| y | /j/ | yɔ | /jɔ̃̀/ | good |
| z | /z/ | nzrɔ | [ǹzrɔ̀] | bag |
Akara ụda dị elu nwere nnukwu ụda olu ( ájí 'respect'), ma hapụkwa ụda dị ala na-enweghị akara ( aji 'clay'). A na-eji sekọmfleksị (â) akara ụda dara ada. [3] A na-eji apostrophe (') akara ụdị ngwaa a na-emekarị. [3]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ezinụlọ Enga nwere oke na-akọwa ebe obibi ha n'ofe ókèala ahụ ma mara na ha na-alụ ọgụ maka ala, mgbanwe alụmdi na
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bolê-Richard (2018). "Contribution à la phonologie historique du Niger-Congo: vers la reconstruction du Proto-Potou", Linguistique africaine: perspectives croisées (in French). Institut de Phonétique. ISBN 978-29-570-8944-4. Bolê-Richard, Rémy (2018). "Contribution à la phonologie historique du Niger-Congo: vers la reconstruction du Proto-Potou". Linguistique africaine: perspectives croisées (in French). Institut de Phonétique. ISBN 978-29-570-8944-4.
- ↑ Dido (2018). "Les pronoms mɛn, ɛ, an et nkɛ de l'ébrié ː morphophonologie et fonctions syntaxiques". Cahiers Ivoiriens de Recherche Linguistique 43: 37-48.
- 1 2 3 Bolê-Richard (1986). Guide de lecture de l'ébrié (in French). Institut de Linguistique Appliquée. ISBN 9782809101270. Bolê-Richard, Rémy (1986). Guide de lecture de l'ébrié (in French). Institut de Linguistique Appliquée. ISBN 9782809101270.