Asụsụ Gamilaraay
| Gamilaraay | ||
|---|---|---|
| : | Ngummi.pngTempleeti:Infobox Language/pronunciation | |
| Spoken in: | Australia | |
| Region: | Central northern New South Wales | |
| Total speakers: | 1,065 | |
| Language family: | Pama–Nyungan Wiradhuric Gamilaraay | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | kld
| |
| Map of New South Wales as occupied by the native tribes.jpg | ||
Asụsụ Gamilaraay ma ọ bụ Kamilaroi (kldkldNkọwa okwu Gamilaraay: [ɡ̊]) bụ ahia Pama-Nyungan nke obere mkpiri Wiradhhuric nke a na-ahụ na ndị mere ọmụmụ Australia. kldỌ bụ omenala nke Gamilaraay (Kamilaroi) , Ndị Aborigine Australia. Aሜla na ọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, mana ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-ekwu okwu si na 87 na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Australia nke 2011 ruo 105 na ọnụ ọgụgụ 2016 nke Australia. Ọtụtụ puku ndị Australia na-ahụ onwe ha dị ka Gamilaraay, a na-ahụkwara àmà ahụ n'ihi akwụkwọ ụfọdụ..
Wirray Wirray, Guyinbaraay, Yuwaalayaay, Waalaraay na Gawambaraay bụ olumba; Yuwaalaraay / Euahlayi bụ nwe nwere njikọ chiri anya.
Aha ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aha Gamilaraay pụtara 'gamil-inwe', ebe gamil bụ okwu maka 'mba'. A na-akpọkwa olumba na asụsụ ndị ọzọ n'otu okwu ha maka 'mba'. (Tụlee nkewa n'etiti langues d'oïl na langues d'oc dị na France, nke e ji okwu ha dị iche iche pụta maka 'ee'.)
Asụsụ nke aha ahụ, nke a na-akpọ [ɡ̊aˌmilaˈīːj] n'asụsụ ahụ n'onwe ya, ịkpọ Goomeroi; Kamilaroi; Gamilaraay na Gamilaroi.
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọ bụ ebe na AUSTLANG kwuru na Euahlayi, Ualarai, Euhahlayi, na Juwalarai bụ otu okwu maka Gamilaraay na isi akwụkwọ, [1] ọ emelitere koodu ya iji isi isi eme ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya na-atụ aro dị iche iche. AIATSIS na-achịkọta ozi Yuwaalaraay/Euahlayi/Yuwaaliyaay na ndị mmadụ na nchịkọta ya, [2] ma nye ya koodu dị iche (D23). [3][4] AUSTLANG na-enye koodu dị iche maka olumba ndị a, ha niile nwere njikọ na iche nke otu Gamilaraay: [1]
- Yuwaalaraay (Yuwaaliyaay, Euahlayi) (D27), nke ndị Yuwaalaray na-asụ;[Ihe odide ala peeji 2][Note 2]
- Wirray Wirray (Wiriwiri) (D28); [2][Ihe odide ala peeji 3][Note 3]
- Guyinbaraay (Gunjbaraay) (D15);[3]
- Yuwaalayaay (D54);[4][Ihe odide ala peeji 4][Note 4]
- Waalaraay (Walaraay) (D55);[5]
- Gawambaraay (Kawambarai) (D39), nke ndị Gawambaraay na-asụ.[6]
ka Robert Fuller Ngalaba Nche Ụmụ Amaala na Mahadum Macquarie na ndị ọrụ ibe ya si kwuo, dị ndị Gamilaraay na ndị Euahlayi bụ otu egwuregwu nke ugwu na ugwu ihie New South Wales (NSW), a na-abụ ndị Gamilaray dị ka Gamilaray na Yuwaalaraay, ebe ndị Euahleyi (Euayelai [1]) nwere ike yiri ya ma dị iche iche..[7]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ntuziaka ndị Aborigine nke ndịda duuru onye nwe ala John Howe gaa n'elu hụ Hunter n'elu Singleton nke oge a na 1819. Ha gwara ya na mba ahụ nwere "Coomery Roy [=Gamilaraay] na ụzọ ọzọ dị ukwuu", nke ọnụ n'ebe ugwu ihe, n'elu Liverpool Ranges.[1] Nke a bụ ma ọnọdụ anya ihe mbụ mbụ nke aha ahụ.
Okwu bụ isi nke Thomas Mitchell chịchị na 1832 bụ ihe omume mbụ e dere Gamilaraay..
onye ozi ala ọzọ Presbyterian William Ridley iwu ahụ site na 1852 ruo 1856.
Ọnọdụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 2013, Ethnologue kwuru na Gamilaraay nọ n'ihe ndụ ize, ikike ndị ọkà okwu 35 ike na 2006 (AUSTLANG kwuru 37 n'ụbọchị), ha niile na-agwakọta Gamilaray na Bekee. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 2011, e nwere ndị ọkà okwu 87 idé na 2016, 105. [1] Enweghị ndị na-asụrụ ahụ nke ọma.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| N'ihu | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|
| Elu | na-ekwu na ọ bụ⟨ii⟩ | __ibo____ibo__ Ọdịdị, ọ bụ⟨uu⟩ |
| Ala Dị Ala | ⟨aa⟩-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA link","href":"./Template:IPA_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"a"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mw0A" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" typeof="mw:Transclusion">a na-akpọ a na-a | |
/wa/ na-aghọta dị ka [wo].
Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Mpaghara | Akụkụ dị iche iche | Apical | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <small id="mw5w">Bilabial</small> | <small id="mw6g">Velar</small> | <small id="mw7Q">Palatal</small> | <small id="mw8A">Ezé ezé</small> | <small id="mw8w">Alveolar</small> | <small id="mw9g">Post-alveolar<br id="mw9w"></small> | |
| Kwụsị | b b b b⟨b⟩ | Akụkọ a na-akpọ⟨g⟩ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨dj⟩ | __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Ọdịdị⟨dh⟩ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨d⟩ | |
| Ụgbọ imi | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ⟨m⟩ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨ng⟩ | Nkọwa⟨ny⟩ | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨nh⟩ | n'ihi ya⟨n⟩ | |
| N'akụkụ | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨l⟩ | |||||
| Rhotic | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụr na ọ ga-adị⟨rr⟩ | Akụkụ nke a⟨r⟩ | ||||
| Ọkara ụdaolu | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨w⟩ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨y⟩ | ||||
Na mbido, /wu/ na /ji/ nwere ike ime ka ọ dị mfe [u] na [i].
Nchegbu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụedemede niile dị ogologo n'otu okwu na-enweta nrụgide hà nhata. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ụdaume dị ogologo, nrụgide na-ada na nkeji okwu mbụ. Mmetụta nke abụọ na-ada na ụdaume dị mkpirikpi, nke bụ mkpụrụedemede abụọ n'aka nri ma ọ bụ n'aka ekpe nke mkpụrụedemede a na-emesi ike.
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aha nnọchiaha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ Gawambaraay
| Otu | Abụọ | Ọtụtụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Onye nke mbụ | ngaya | ngali | ngiyaani |
| Onye nke abụọ | ngindu | ngindaali | ngindaay |
| Onye nke atọ | nguru | (nguru)gali | ganu |
Mmetụta n'asụsụ Bekee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ọtụtụ okwu ndị a gbazitere abanyewo n'asụsụ Bekee nke Australia site na Gamilaraay, gụnyere:
| Aha ndị a na-ahụkarị | ||
|---|---|---|
| Ụdị Anglicised | Gamilaraay | Ihe ọ pụtara |
| Anya, anya, anya abụọ | bindayaa | Burrs nke ọtụtụ ụdị osisi (Emex australis, Tribulus terrestris, na Soliva sessilis) nke na-arapara n'ụkwụ mmadụ |
| brolga | burralga | Ụdị nnụnụ, Grus rubicunda |
| nwere ike ịbụ budgerigar | gidjirrigaa | Ụdị nnụnụ, Melopsittacus undulatus |
| galah | gilaa | Ụdị nnụnụ, Eolophus roseicapilla |
| yarran | yarraan | Ụdị osisi acacia, Acacia homalophylla |
| Aha kwesịrị ekwesị | ||
| Ụdị Anglicised | Gamilaraay | Ihe ọ pụtara |
| Kamilaroi | gamilaraay | Ndị Gamilaraay ma ọ bụ asụsụ |
| Aha ebe | ||
| Ụdị Anglicised | Gamilaraay | Ihe ọ pụtara |
| Boggabri | bagaaybaraay | inwe iyi |
| Boggabilla | bagaaybila | jupụtara na iyi |
| Collarenebri | galariinbaraay | inwe okooko osisi akasia |
Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala
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Ihe odide
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ D27: Yuwaalaraay. AIATSIS Collection: AUSTLANG (26 July 2019). Retrieved on 14 September 2020.
- ↑ D28: Wiriyaraay. AIATSIS Collection (AUSTLANG) (26 July 2019). Retrieved on 11 September 2020.
- ↑ D15: Guyinbaraay. AIATSIS Collection (AUSTLANG) (26 July 2019). Retrieved on 14 September 2020.
- ↑ D54: Yuwaalayaay. AIATSIS Collection (AUSTLANG) (26 July 2019). Retrieved on 14 September 2020.
- ↑ D55: Waalaraay. AIATSIS Collection (AUSTLANG) (26 July 2019). Retrieved on 14 September 2020.
- ↑ D39: Gawambaraay. AIATSIS Collection (AUSTLANG) (26 July 2019). Retrieved on 14 September 2020.
- ↑ Fuller (2014). "The Emu Sky Knowledge of the Kamilaroi and Euahlayi Peoples". Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 17 (2): 171–179. DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2014.02.04. Retrieved on 11 September 2020.
Akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Austin (1993). A Reference Dictionary of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales. La Trobe University.
- Dixon, Robert M. W. (2002). Asụsụ Australia: Ọdịdị na Mmepe ha. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47378-0. (Na Google Books) Dixon (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47378-0.
- Mathews (Jul–Dec 1903). "Languages of the Kamilaroi and Other Aboriginal Tribes of New South Wales". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 33: 259–283. DOI:10.2307/2842812.
- Ridley (1856). "On the Kamilaroi Tribe of Australians and Their Dialect". Journal of the Ethnological Society of London 4: 285–293. DOI:10.2307/3014109.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Ash (2003). Gamilaraay, Yuwaaaraay and Yuwaalayaay Dictionary. Alice Springs: IAD Press.
- O nwere okwu nkọwapụta
- Ridley (1855). "On the Kamilaroi Language of Australia". Transactions of the Philological Society 2 (6): 72–84. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1855.tb00794.x.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- KAMILAROI LANGUAGE - E wepụtara 1880 -
- http://yuwaalaraay.org/ nwere ozi gbasara mmepe asụsụ Gamilaraay na Yuwaalaraay na nso nso a na njikọ na ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma asụsụ.
- PDF" id="mwAvQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Asụsụ Gamilaraay (Kamilaroi), ugwu New South Wales - Akụkọ Dị Mkpirikpi nke Nnyocha E debere ya na Wayback Machine (PDF)
- Gutenberg Project Browse By Language: Gamilaraay
- Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu n'ịntanetị
- Gamilaraay Online dictionary nke Peter Austin na David Nathan dere
- Ntụziaka Grammar nke Gamilaraay
- Bibliographies nke e bipụtara E debere Wayback Machine, Ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe E debere ya Way Back Machine ma ọ bụ ihe pụrụ iche E debere na Wayback Machine ihe onwunwe na asụsụ Gamilaraay na ndị mmadụ, na Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander StudiesỤlọ Ọrụ Australia nke Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Bibliographies nke e bipụtara E debere Wayback Machine, Ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe E debere ya Way Back Machine ma ọ bụ ihe pụrụ iche E debere na Wayback Machine ihe onwunwe na asụsụ Yuwaalaraay na ndị mmadụ, na Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander StudiesỤlọ Ọrụ Australia nke Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander Studies
- Akụkọ dijitalụ Des Crump, State Library of Queensland. Akụkọ dijitalụ na-atụle asụsụ Gamilaraay.