Asụsụ Gathang
Asụsụ Gathang, kpọkwara Gadjang, Kattang, Kutthung, Gadhang, Gadang na nke a na-akpọbu Worimi (nke a na-asụkwa Warrimay), bụ asụsụ ndị Aboriginal Australia ma ọ bụ otu olumba. Olumba olu atọ a mara bụ Birrbay, Guringay, na Warrimay, nke ndị Worimi, Guringay, na Birrbay na-eji. Ọ lara n'iyi na ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20, mana eweghachiri ya na narị afọ nke 21.
Akụkọ na ọkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbe a chịchara Ọstrelia, ọtụtụ narị asụsụ ndị Aborigine dara ada. Ndị Worimi nwere otu agbụrụ iri na asatọ ( ngurras ), ha niile na-asụ Gathang. Ngurra anọ nke mpaghara Port Stephens kwagara na mmezi na Carrington ka ha rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Agricultural Australia, na afọ ndị gafeworonụ tụfuru asụsụ na omenala ha ka ha na-amụta ụzọ Europe. A manyere ọtụtụ ndị Worimi n'ọrụ ozi na nchekwa . [1]
Na 1887: EM Curr bipụtara ndepụta okwu mbụ nke asụsụ Gathang, nke Alaka John chịkọtara, na na 1900, WJ Enright bipụtara nkọwa na ndepụta okwu. N'afọ 1929, ọkà mmụta asụsụ America bụ Gerhardt Laves soro ndị ọkà okwu Gathang bụ Charlie Briggs, Bill Dungie, Charlie Bugg, Jim Moy, Albert Lobban, Hannah Bugg, Susan Russell, Ted Lobban, na Oriakụ Russell rụkọọ ọrụ. [2] N'ime 1960s, onye na-asụ asụsụ Sweden Nils Holmer mere ndekọ nke ndị okenye Worimi abụọ, Eddie Lobban na Fred Bugg, wee chịkọta ụtọ ụtọ asụsụ Gathang. [1] [3] [2]
Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, asụsụ ahụ yiri ka ọ ga-apụ n'anya, mana mweghachi amalitela na narị afọ 21st. Na 2010, A Grammar and Dictionary of Gathang: The Language of the Birrbay, Guringay and Warrimay, nke Amanda Lissarrague dere, [4] na Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative malitere ịgba ọsọ klas na Taree, Forster, na Port Macquarie . Ọnụọgụ ndị na-ekwu okwu n'oge na-adịghị anya tolitere, ewebata klaasị na TAFE, ụlọ akwụkwọ, na n'ime otu ezinụlọ. [2] N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 2014, e nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ 40 e dekọrọ edekọ, na ka ọ na-erule 2018-2019, e nwere ihe karịrị otu puku, mgbe arụchara ọrụ na ịtụgharị asụsụ ahụ. [5] Taa, a na-eji akwụkwọ, egwu, ịgba egwu, ịkọ akụkọ, na ọmụmụ asụsụ na-enyere aka ịtụte na ichekwa asụsụ, [1] ma a na-amụ ya na ọkwa PhD . [2]
Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bilabial | Velar | eze | Palatal | Alveolar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p ⟨ p ⟩ | k ⟨ ⟩ | t̪ ⟨ nke ⟩ | c ⟨ tj ⟩ | t ⟨ t ⟩ |
| voiced | b ⟨ b ⟩ | g ⟨ g ⟩ | d̪ ⟨ ⟩ | ɟ ⟨ dj ⟩ | d ⟨ d ⟩ | |
| imi | m ⟨ m ⟩ | ŋ ⟨ ⟩ | n̪ ⟨ nh ⟩ | ɲ ⟨ ny/yn ⟩ | n ⟨ n ⟩ | |
| N'akụkụ | l ⟨ ⟩ | |||||
| Odika | w ⟨ ⟩ | j ⟨ y ⟩ | ɹ ⟨ ⟩ | |||
| Flap/Trill | ɾ ~ r ⟨ rr ⟩ | |||||
N'ime usoro nkwubi okwu, a na-ede ma nkwusi olu na enweghị olu, okwu na-amalite na nkwusị ụda naanị ma ọ bụ naanị nkwudo ụda nwere ike ime na ụyọkọ consonant ma ọ bụ suffixes. Enwere ụfọdụ ekwekọghị n'otu n'otu n'otu n'otu maka ịhọrọ nkwụsị n'otu oge. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu/ ụtọ asụsụ nke Lissarrague dere na-akọwa nkwụsịtụ na-enweghị olu, mana a na-emebi nke a ọtụtụ oge dịka na magu -axe. Igwefoto ekwentị /p/ na /b/ nwere ike ịdị iche, dị ka gaparr - nwa, nwa nwoke na gabarr - isi. Nke a edoghị anya. [4]
Enwere ụfọdụ ihe akaebe nke njikọta nke eze na palatal stops/ nasals, yana mgbanwe efu dị n'ọtụtụ okwu, dị ka djinggarr ~dhinggarr - ọlaọcha, isi awọ. [4]
Na njedebe nke okwu, a pụkwara ịkpọ imi dị ka nkwụsị ya kwekọrọ. (dịka ọmụmaatụ, bakan~bakat - nkume). [4]
N'okwu mkparịta ụka, "b" nwere ike ịkpọ dịka [v]. [4]
Okwu okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụfọdụ okwu Gathang bụ: [1]
- Birubi (" Ndịda Cross " ma ọ bụ "nlegharị anya nke Southern Cross")
- Tanilba ("ebe okooko osisi ọcha")
- Mallabula ("swampland n'etiti ugwu abụọ")
- Karuah ("ebe osisi plum ala ")
- Pindimar ("ebe nke nwa possums ")
Ihe odide ala ala peeji
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- 1 2 3 4 The Worimi. Worimi Conservation Lands (23 December 2020). Retrieved on 9 August 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "wcl" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 4 Gathang (Birrbay, Guringay & Warrimay). Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative. Retrieved on 11 August 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "muurrbay" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Holmer (1966). An Attempt towards a Comparative Grammar of Two Australian Languages. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Lissarrague (2010). A Grammar and Dictionary of Gathang: The Language of the Birrbay, Guringay and Warrimay. Muurrbay Aboriginal Language & Culture Co-operative. ISBN 978-0-9775351-7-0. Retrieved on 11 August 2023. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "lissarague2010" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Sati. "Revitalising the Aboriginal language Gathang is about learning and speaking it together every day", ABC news, 2 April 2019. Retrieved on 12 September 2019.
Ọgụgụ ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Dixon (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521473780.
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Akwụkwọ edemede nke ndị Worimi na akụrụngwa asụsụ, na ụlọ akwụkwọ Australian Institute of Aboriginal na Torres Strait Islander Studies.
- Kutthung, ma ọ bụ Kattang, olumba