Asụsụ Ghotuo
Ghotuo (nakwa Otwa, Otuo) bụ asụsụ North Central Edoid a na-asụ na steeti Edo,[1] kariri na mpaghara Owan na Akoko-Edo nke steeti Edo, Nigeria.
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụdị aha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aha Ghotuo nwere prefix na ogwe. Ogwe osisi na-enwekarị ihe owuwu "-V," "-CV," "-CVCV. "Prefixes na-enwetakarị ihe owuwu "V-," "VV-," na "CV-." N'etiti ụdị abụọ ahụ, "V-" na "CV" bụ ihe owuwu a na-ahụkarị. Aha ndị nwere "u-" prefix na otu, nwere ọtụtụ prefix "i-" prefix. N'otu aka ahụ, aha ndị nwere otu "o-" prefix nwere ọtụtụ "i-" prefix ma ọ bụrụ na ụdaume dị nso. Ọ bụrụ na ụdaume ahụ adịghị nso, mgbe ahụ aha ndị a nwere otu "-e" prefix. A na-ejikwa prefix "-e" dị ka prefix nke ọtụtụ ma ọ bụrụ na prefix nke otu aha ahụ bụ "-ɔ" na ụdaume stem adịghị nso.[1]
| Otu | Ọtụtụ | Ihe Nlereanya | Nkọwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| u- | i- | Ọ bụ n'oge na-adịghị anya | ọnwa |
| o- | i- | ò- | Ụzọ ụkwụ |
| o- | e- | O-nne nna | mkpụrụ osisi dị ka cherry |
| Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a na-akpọ | e- | O-be | onye iro, ihe ọjọọ |
| Ọ bụ | e- | ɛ-rùɛ | mgbada, duiker |
| Ee- | I- | Ee-wè | Koola nut |
| Ee- | ee- | Ee-kɛē | àkwá |
A naghị ekpebi okwu mbido na Ghotuo naanị site na phonology, a na-akọwa ha site na klas ụtọ asụsụ nke aha ahụ.[1]
| Otu | Ọtụtụ | Ọrụ | Ihe Nlereanya | Nkọwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ee- | a- | Akụkụ ahụ | Ee- ò (na-) | anya |
| a- | i- | Ihe ndị mmadụ ji mee | na-agbanwe agbanwe | ụdị matarị |
| a- | I- | ihe atụ | mmiri | |
| gha- | i- | Ụmụ ahụhụ na obere nnụnụ a hụrụ n'ụlọ | ɡhā-hìhì | ndanda |
| gha- | -io | Ngwongwo na anụmanụ | ɡhā-wà | nkịta |
| Gho- | -i | ɡhò-Gazọ | ahịa | |
| Gho- | -e | ɡhō-bè | akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ |
E nwere ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke aha Ghotou nwere prefixes na-enweghị ntụpọ.[1]
| Okwu mbido | Ihe Nlereanya | Nkọwa |
|---|---|---|
| i- | ì-lhè | mkparị |
| e- | Oh ebe | yam a kụrụ akụ |
| Ọ bụ | ɛ-khɔ | ihere, ihere |
| a- | na-eme | ụlọ, ụlọ |
| o- | ō-fà | Ọrịa na-egbu egbu |
| u- | N'oge a | isi |
| ghi- | ɡhì-kpō | ihu |
| ɡha- | ɡhà-kpā | Isi nkwọcha |
| Gho- | ɡhō-ɛ | ụzọ, ụzọ |
A na-enyefe Ihe ngosi site na iji prefixes. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-eji prefix "ɔ-" eme ihe mgbe a na-ezo aka n'otu ihe ebe a na-akpọ "è-" maka ọtụtụ ihe. A na-eji prefixation na Ghotuo maka akara nkwekọrịta; aha ọtụtụ niile nwere otu akara nkwekọ, na aha niile nwere otu otu akara nkwenye. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, enwere ike iji prefixation mee ihe iji gbanwee ngwaa ka ọ bụrụ aha na-enweghị atụ. A pụrụ ịgbanwe ngwaa "ɟâ," nke pụtara "achị ọchị," ka ọ bụrụ "ē-ɟà," nke pụtakwara ịchị ọchị, site na iji prefixes. A pụkwara ịmepụta aha ndị a na-ejighị n'aka site na itinye prefix "ɔnhi-" na ngwaa a na-adịghị ahụkebe. Okwu "obi," nke pụtara "ọchịchịrị," nwere ike ịgbanwe ka ọ bụrụ "ɔnhōbì," nke kwuru "onye ojii". Mgbe ụfọdụ, a pụkwara itinye prefix a na adverb na-abụghị nke ideophonic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, "dùkɛ," nke pụtara mkpụmkpụ, nwere ike ịgbanwe ka ọ bụrụ "ɔnhī dùkɛ," pụtara "onye dị mkpụmụrụ". A pụkwara isite na ngwaa na ahịrịokwu ndị metụtara aha. Na Ghotuo, Verbs na aha na-emekọrịta ihe iji mepụta aha Locative. Idozi otu usoro nke akụkụ atọ nke ahụ na aha ọzọ na-emepụta ahịrịokwu dị mgbagwoju anya na Ghotuo. Akụkụ ahụ ndị metụtara bụ ūsɔ (mhì), nke pụtara "isi," ūdò, nke pụtara "afọ," na àvɔ, nke pụtara" ụkwụ. Otu ihe atụ bụ ahịrịokwu "ūdóvbàɡhì," nke pụtara "n'ime ụlọ ahụ".[1]
Enwere ike iji okwu "ɔnhī" mee ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji gosipụta mmalite nke nwanyị lụrụ di. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ahịrịokwu ahụ bụ "ɔnhī__ilo____ilo____ilo__" pụtara "nwaanyị Yoruba. " A na-eji ahịrịokwu "__ilo____hau____ilo____hau__" egosi na mmadụ si n'otu mpaghara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ، " lohẽ ìɡbò" pụtara "onye Igbo". "ɔnhî" na "onhi" nwekwara ike iji gosipụta oge. Okwu " àmɛ," nke pụtara "mmiri," mgbe a gbanwere ya ka ọ bụrụ "ɔnhīɣèmɛ" pụtara "oge mmiri ozuzo. "Itinye ụdị "omhi" n'ihu aha nwere ike ịgbanwe ya ka ọ ghọọ obere. Ọ bụrụ na etinye ya na "ɛ-wè," nke pụtara "nwa ewu," ọ na-aghọ "omhi ɛwè," pụtara "obere ewu. " N'ụzọ nkịtị, okwu "omhi" pụtara nwatakịrị. Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na ahịrịokwu ndị dị ka "ōmhī mhɛ," nke pụtara "nwa m". Enwere ike itinye okwu "vbāí," "kpɛɛ," na "ɡbei" na aha iji gosipụta mmetụta nke ngụkọta. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ahịrịokwu ahụ bụ "itīsá ɡbēī" pụtara "ndị nkuzi niile".[1]
A na-eji reflexes tonal mgbe ụfọdụ iji wepụta gerund, okwu ọnụ na aha nnọchite. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site n'itinye ụda dị ala na nkebi ahịrịokwu "ɔ dɛɡhōbè," nke pụtara "ọ zụrụ akwụkwọ," ọ na-agbanwe ghọọ "onye zụrụ akwụkwọ." Iwu a na-emetụta naanị nkebiokwu dị mfe nwere otu ngwaa. N'okwu nke nwere ọtụtụ ngwaa, a na-agbakwunye mkpụrụedemede "m" na njedebe nke aha. Enwere ike itinye prefixes iji gosipụta ọtụtụ nkebiokwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, prefix "i-." mgbe etinyere ya na nkebi ahịrịokwu "ɔwìƞʷàhɛkūhɛdā," na-agbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ "ì wìƞʷàhɛkūhɛdā." Nke a na-agbanwe ihe ọ pụtara site na "onye na-atụba uwe n'ime osimiri," na "ndị na-atụba uwe n'ime osimiri." Aha ndị kwesịrị ekwesị na Ghotuo na-abụkarị nkebiokwu ma ọ bụ nkwupụta zuru oke, na-ezo aka na ọnọdụ ọmụmụ, nkwupụta nkà ihe ọmụma, ma ọ bụ ihe omume na ndụ isiokwu ahụ. [1]
Ụda
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ghotuo bụ asụsụ nwere ụda atọ nwere ọnụ ala. Ụda atọ bụ isi na Ghotuo dị elu, etiti na ala. Ọ na-enweta mgbada ala n'ogo dị ala na nke etiti, nke pụtara na n'ogo ụda ndị a, ọ bụrụ na mkpụrụokwu abụọ nwere otu ụda, mgbe ahụ nkeji okwu nke abụọ dị ala karịa nke mbụ. Otu nyocha nke ụda na Ghotuo nke Kolawole Adeniyi mere, onye nyocha sitere na Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo, chọpụtara na ndị na-ekwu okwu Ghotuo na-achọsi ike iwepụ ala n'okwu ha mgbe ha na ndị na-abụghị ndị na-asụ asụsụ na-ekwu okwu. Nke a na-egosi na a na-achịkwa mgbada na Ghotuo.[1] Downdrift dịkwa na Ghouto; ụda etiti na ụda dị elu na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbada site na ụda dị ala na-ebute ụzọ. Downdrift adịghị adị ozugbo na okwu Ghotuo ọ bụla nwere ụda etiti ma ọ bụ dị elu na-eso ụda dị ala. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị na okwu ọ bụla ebe ụda dị ala na-esote ụda etiti ma ọ bụ elu. Ghotuo nwere ụda na-ada ada; ụda dị ala na-ada ma ọ bụrụ na etinye ya mgbe ụda etiti ma ọ bụ elu gasịrị. Enwekwara ụda "etiti ọdịda" na "elu-ada" dị n'asụsụ ahụ.[2]
Ihe odide ihe atụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Okwu[1] | Ihe ọ pụtara[1] |
|---|---|
| ɔ-kà | ọka |
| Ebe a na-akpọ | nkịta |
| ù-ɡì | basketball |
| Ee-kɛ | àkwá |
| Anya na-egbu egbu | ụmụaka |
| ɔ-kàkàkà | igurube |
| ghī-lhɛlhɛ | ire |
Ebemsibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bankale (2019). "Ghotuọ Noun Morphology". Journal of the Linguistic Association of Nigeria 22 (2): 264–280. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Bogers (2016-09-26). The Phonological Representation of Suprasegmentals: Studies on African Languages Offered to John M. Stewart on his 60th Birthday (in en). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 51–62. ISBN 978-3-11-086629-2.