Asụsụ Guahibo
| Guahibo | |
|---|---|
| Jiwi jume | |
| A mụrụ ya | Colombia, Venezuela |
| Ógbè | Casanare, ọwụwa anyanwụ Meta, Vichada, Guaviare, Guainia steeti (Colombia) Osimiri Orinoco (Venezuela) |
| Agbụrụ | Ndị Guahibo |
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala
|
(34,000 e depụtara 1998-2001) [1] |
Guahiban
| |
| Koodu asụsụ | |
| ISO 639-3 | Ma ọ bụ:guh - Guahibogob - Playero (Pepojivi) |
| Glottolog | guah1254
|
| ELP | Guajibo |
| Onye na-egwu egwu[2] | |
| |
Guahibo, akara ala nna nke Ndị Guahibo. Ọ bụ akara Guahiban nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 23,006 na-asụ na Colombia na 8,428 ọzọ na Venezuela. E nwere 40% nke monolingualism, na 45% nke ịgụ na ide.
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bilabial | Ezé ezé | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Mkpịsị aka | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | ala dị larịị | N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị otú a⟨p⟩ | __ibo____ibo__ Atụmatụ⟨th⟩ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨t⟩ | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨k⟩ | ||
| kwuru okwu | b b b b⟨b⟩ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨d⟩ | |||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | __ibo__ Nkọwa⟨f⟩ | SINA⟨s⟩ | __ibo____ibo____ibo__ Sị⟨j̈/x⟩ | __ibo____ibo__ N'ih ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨j⟩ | |||
| Ihe na-atọ ụtọ | __ibo__ Ịnọba⟨r⟩ | ||||||
| Africate | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨ts⟩ | ||||||
| Ụgbọ imi | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ bụ⟨m⟩ | n'ihi ya⟨n⟩ | |||||
| N'akụkụ | N'ihi ya, ọ bụ n'ihi ya ka a na-akpọ⟨l⟩ | ||||||
| Ihe atụ | w~β⟨w⟩ | __ibo__ N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adị⟨y⟩ | |||||
Ụda /w/ nwekwara ike iru ụda [β] n'ime okwu.
| N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N'akụkụ | na-agụnye⟨i⟩ | __ibo____ibo__ Ọdịdị⟨ü/ë⟩ | Ọ bụ na-agụ⟨u⟩ |
| N'etiti | na-agụnye⟨e⟩ | na-adị⟨o⟩ | |
| Emeghe | n'ihi ya⟨a⟩ |
Ụda / , / nwere ike ịnwe allophone nke [ , ]. A pụkwara itinye ụdaume dị ka /ã, ĩ, ẽ, õ, ũ, ɨ̃/.[3]
Usoro ide ihe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Nnukwu mkpụrụedemede | A | B | C | D | E | Mụ onwe onye | F | M | J | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | Th | Ts | U | W | X | Y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akara dị ala | a | b | c | d | na | ë | f | i | j | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | th | ts | u | w | x | na |
| a | b | d | na | f | i | j | j̈ (x) | k | l | m | n | o | p | r | s | t | t | ts | u | ü | w | na |
Asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Nchegbu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Guahibo nwere usoro iche iche na nke dị iche anya na ụdị mbụ nke mbụ. Usoro ndị na-egosi maka ihe arọ nke ahụ ka a na-ekwusi ike na ike dị arọ mgbe niile. A na-ahụ ma nke dị iche iche trocaic na iambic patterns na morphemes na nonfinal morphemes nwere ihe nke abụọ:
A na-enyocha ụkwụ abụọ site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri n'ime ụdị ọ bụla. Morphemes nwere ọnụọgụ dị iche iche nke mkpụrụedemede na-ahapụ mkpụrụedemede ikpeazụ na-enweghị nrụgide (ma na-enweghị ntụpọ n'ime ụkwụ):
Morphemes nke nwere mkpụrụedemede abụọ ma bụrụkwa okwu ikpeazụ bụ ihe pụrụ iche na nke dị n'elu ma nwee naanị usoro trocaic:
Ụdị ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe na usoro iambic mgbe etinye ya na ọnọdụ na-abụghị nke ikpeazụ. N'ụzọ dị otú a, náwa na-anọgide na-enwe usoro trocaic ya site na mgbakwunye nke otu mkpụrụedemede dị ka -ta "n'ime":
- náwa + -ta → náwata ('L) L
- puca + -ta → Pucatha (L'L) L
Affixation n'ozuzu ya anaghị emetụta usoro nrụgide nke morpheme ọ bụla.
Mkpụrụ okwu ndị dị arọ ebe ọ bụ na achọrọ ka a kwusie ha ike na-emebi ụda zuru oke na ụda iambic. Otú ọ dị, morphemes nwere usoro nke ọ dịkarịa ala mkpụrụedemede abụọ na-egosi usoro nrụgide dị iche iche:
Nchegbu bụ isi. Nchegbu bụ isi na-adaba n'ụkwụ aka nri na-abụghị nke ikpeazụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, okwu na-esonụ
- (ˌL) (ˈLL) L (p.lu). (pa.lu).ma ""Rabit""
nwere nrụgide bụ isi na ụkwụ aka nri (pa.lu) nke na-abụghị okwu ikpeazụ. Otú ọ dị, ụkwụ aka nri (qui.si) na
- (LˈL) (LˌL) (tu.lí). (qui.sì) "ihe olu bead"
bụ okwu ikpeazụ ma ghara ịnata nrụgide bụ isi; nrụgide bụisi na-ada na ụkwụ aka nri ọzọ (tu.li). Ịtinye nsonaazụ mkpụrụedemede -ta "na" mgbe mgbọrọgwụ mkpụrụedemede anọ na-egosi mgbanwe nke nrụgide bụ isi:
- (LˈL) (LˌL) tsapánilù "ụdị mbe"
- (LˌL) (LˈL) L tsapànilúta "na mbe"
Site na mgbakwunye nke nsonaazụ, ụkwụ mgbọrọgwụ (ni.lu) abụghịzi okwu ikpeazụ ma nye ya ohere ịnakwere nrụgide bụ isi.
Akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1984). Ihe omuma banyere ụdaume guahiba. Usoro ụdaolu nke asụsụ Colombian, 5, 205-211.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1985). Enyemaka na ọmụmụ nke ogologo ụdaume na ụda olu n'asụsụ Guahiba. Isiokwu na asụsụ na ngalaba ndị yiri ya, 13, 55-82.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1985). Guajobo a na-ekwu: Gramática pedagógica del guahibo (Vols. 1-2). Lomalinda, Colombia: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1985). Ogologo ụdaume na nrụgide na Guahibo: Site na phonology gaa na okwu. Na data asụsụ: usoro Amerindian (Mpịakọta 9, 43-56). Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (2001). Mmetụta Guahibo: Ma trocaic na iambic. International Journal of American Linguistics, 67 (2), 136-166.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1967). Phonemes Guahibo. Na Usoro ụdaolu nke asụsụ Colombian (pp. 89-98). Norman, OK: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1972). Fonemas nke guahibo. Usoro ụdaolu nke asụsụ Colombian, 1, 93-102.
- Mosonyi, Esteban Emilio. (1964). Enyemaka na ọmụmụ nke fonemics: Asụsụ Guajibo. Economía y Ciencias Sociales, 6, 93-103.
- [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] (1985). Olu Olu Sikuani. Bogotá: Insituto Caro y Cuervo.
- Queixalós (1988). Diccionario sikuani-español. Universidad de los Andes.
- ↑ Guahibo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Playero (Pepojivi) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ↑ Endangered Languages Project data for Playero.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kondo (1967). Phonemic Systems of Colombian Languages. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Kondo (1985). From Phonology to Discourse: Studies in six Colombian languages. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.