Gaa na ọdịnaya

Asụsụ Hmar

Shí Wikipedia, njikotá édémédé nke onyobulạ
Asụsụ Hmar
asụsụ, modern language
Obere ụdị nkeKuki-Chin Dezie
Mba/obodoNdia Dezie
Ụmụ amaala kaAssam, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya Dezie
Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO2 vulnerable Dezie
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue4 Educational Dezie

  Asụsụ Hmar ( Khawsak Țawng ) bụ nke ngalaba asụsụ Mizo nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Sino-Tibet . Ndị na-asụ asụsụ a na-eji asụsụ Mizo dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ ha (L2). [1] [2]

Hmar bụ asụsụ a ma ama na usoro ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Assam, Manipur na Mizoram, ma bụrụkwa nke a ghọtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka otu n'ime Asụsụ Indian Modern (MIL) na Mahadum Manipur . Board of Secondary Education, Assam gụnyekwara Hmar dị ka MIL na syllabus mgbakọ na mwepụ ya site na 2005. Ma Mahadum Manipur na Mahadum Assam, Silchar ekwela ka a mụọ asụsụ Khawsak Hmar dị ka Asụsụ Indian ọgbara ọhụrụ na ọkwa ngụsị akwụkwọ. [ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

Hawrawp (Mkpụrụedemede)

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Mkpụrụedemede Hmar, nke a maara dị ka Hmar Hawrawp nwere mkpụrụedemede 25: ụdaume 6 na consonants 19. [3] Ọ bụ ụdị edemede Rome gbanwegharịrị nwere akara uda olu iji nyere aka ịkpọ olumba. [4]

Hmar Hawrawp
A Ee B Ch D E F G Ng H
I J K L M N O P R S
T U V Z

Ịkpọ okwu

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
mkpụrụedemede [4] Dị ka In
a "aa" nna
aho "aww" nke ihe nile ma ọ bụ ihe egwu
b anu
ch chawa
d dee
e ee
f ff
g "ek" nke nkwenye
ng "ang" nke iwe
h ihe
i anya
j jay
k kay
l el ma ọ bụ el
m em
n "en" nke njedebe
o "unu" nke ouch
p pee
r bụ
s ess
t tii
osisi
u ooh
v vee
z zet

Nkesa ala

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

A na-asụ olumba Khawsak nke Hmar n'ebe ndị a

  • Assam : Dima Hasao district, Karbi Anglong district, Hailakandi district, Karimganj district na Cachar district
  • Manipur : mpaghara Pherzawl, mpaghara Churachandpur, mpaghara Jiribam na Moreh
  • Mizoram : Aizawl district, Champai district na Kolasib district
  • Tripura : N'ime na gburugburu Darchawi na Jampui Hills
  • Meghalaya : Shillong na obodo Khaddum
  • Myanmar : Tamu
  • Bangladesh : Bawm

Ebe ọ bụ na ndị na-ekwu okwu Hmar gbasasịa n'akụkụ buru ibu na Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Chittagong Hill traktị na mpaghara Cachar nke steeti Assam na Myanmar, ọ dị ka enwere ntakịrị ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ. Na Manipur, Hmar na-egosipụta nhụta anya n'otu n'otu na olumba Kukish ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara gụnyere Thadou, Paite, Aimol, Vaiphei, Simte, Kom na asụsụ Gangte . [5]

Ṭawngkasuok

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]

Ṭawngkasuok (Trong-ka-sook) bụ ilu ma ọ bụ okwu ochie nke ndị Hmar na-eji ma sụgharịa n'ụzọ nkịtị ka ọ bụrụ "asụsụ ndị a na-ekwu n'ọnụ." [6]

Hmar kwuru Ntụgharị asụsụ Contextal Nkọwa
A chângin hmar thing a pâr a, a chângin sim thing a pâr "Mgbe ụfọdụ osisi ugwu na-ama ifuru, mgbe ụfọdụ osisi ndịda na-ama ifuru." Ihe niile nwere oge ya; ndidi bụ isi.
Ṭawng inbuo le tui inbuo rût i an nawh "Okwu na mmiri, ozugbo wụfuru, enweghị ike iweghachite." Kwuo okwu nke ọma; okwu na-enwe nsonaazụ na-adịgide adịgide.
Lal ngai lo lal a kha "Eze na-aghọbeghị eze na-achị obi ilu." Nke a bụ okwu na-adịghị mma ejiri kọwaa onye nọ n'ọchịchị, na-egosi na ha erughị eru ma ọ bụ rụrụ arụ n'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ikike. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ada ụda n'ọdịnala, ọdabara ya sara mbara nwere ike ịdị iche.
Pân loveh tho a fu ngai nawh "Otu ijiji agaghị ada n'ihe ọzọ karịa ọnya mepere emepe." Nke a na-egosi na ihe ndabara ma ọ bụ nsogbu na-adọtakarị ụta ma ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma, na-atụ aro na ọ na-enwekarị ihe kpatara ya kama ọ na-eji okwu ebubo.
Kwụpin lû a khêl i nawh "ikpere enweghị ike ibili n'elu isi" Nke a bụ nkwutọ na-adịghị mma na-egosi na e nwere njedebe dị n'ime ndụ, na-atụ aro na n'agbanyeghị otú mmadụ siri gbalịsie ike, ha agaghị agafe ebe kwesịrị ekwesị ma ọ bụ akara aka ha. Ọ na-egosipụta echiche na-egbu egbu, ebe ọchịchọ na mgbalị na-egbochi site na oke na-enweghị ike ịgbanwe.

Ntụaka

[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
  1. Did you know Hmar is vulnerable? (en). Endangered Languages. Archived from the original on 2023-07-31. Retrieved on 2023-07-31. “... Hmar speakers of Manipur use Manipuri while Assamese and Bengali are used in Assam. Ethnic Hmars living in Mizoram speak Mizo as their first language....”
  2. Lisam (2011). Encyclopaedia Of Manipur (3 Vol.) (in en). Gyan Publishing House, 561. ISBN 978-81-7835-864-2. “... They speak Hmar language and converse well in Manipuri (Meiteilon) ...” 
  3. Pangamte (2019). New Hmar Grammar And Composition. Hmar Literature Society Manipur. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 Bapui (2012). Hmar Tawng Inchukna (A Lexical Study of the Hmar Language & Usages). The Assam Institute of Research for Tribals and Scheduled Castes. Bapui, VL Tluonga (2012).
  5. Singh (1995). "The linguistic situation in Manipur". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 18 (1): 129–134. DOI:10.32655/LTBA.18.1.09. Retrieved on 19 June 2014. 
  6. Vanlalawmpuia. "Ṭawngkasuok: Traditional Sayings of the Hmar People". Mizoram University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 10 (1): 235–242.