Asụsụ Hmar
| Obere ụdị nke | Kuki-Chin |
|---|---|
| Mba/obodo | Ndia |
| Ụmụ amaala ka | Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya |
| Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO | 2 vulnerable |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 4 Educational |
Asụsụ Hmar ( Khawsak Țawng ) bụ nke ngalaba asụsụ Mizo nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Sino-Tibet . Ndị na-asụ asụsụ a na-eji asụsụ Mizo dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ ha (L2). [1] [2]
Hmar bụ asụsụ a ma ama na usoro ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Assam, Manipur na Mizoram, ma bụrụkwa nke a ghọtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya dị ka otu n'ime Asụsụ Indian Modern (MIL) na Mahadum Manipur . Board of Secondary Education, Assam gụnyekwara Hmar dị ka MIL na syllabus mgbakọ na mwepụ ya site na 2005. Ma Mahadum Manipur na Mahadum Assam, Silchar ekwela ka a mụọ asụsụ Khawsak Hmar dị ka Asụsụ Indian ọgbara ọhụrụ na ọkwa ngụsị akwụkwọ. [ a chọrọ nkọwa ]
Hawrawp (Mkpụrụedemede)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụedemede Hmar, nke a maara dị ka Hmar Hawrawp nwere mkpụrụedemede 25: ụdaume 6 na consonants 19. [3] Ọ bụ ụdị edemede Rome gbanwegharịrị nwere akara uda olu iji nyere aka ịkpọ olumba. [4]
| A | Ee | B | Ch | D | E | F | G | Ng | H |
| I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S |
| T | | U | V | Z |
Ịkpọ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| mkpụrụedemede [4] | Dị ka In |
|---|---|
| a | "aa" nna |
| aho | "aww" nke ihe nile ma ọ bụ ihe egwu |
| b | anu |
| ch | chawa |
| d | dee |
| e | ee |
| f | ff |
| g | "ek" nke nkwenye |
| ng | "ang" nke iwe |
| h | ihe |
| i | anya |
| j | jay |
| k | kay |
| l | el ma ọ bụ el |
| m | em |
| n | "en" nke njedebe |
| o | "unu" nke ouch |
| p | pee |
| r | bụ |
| s | ess |
| t | tii |
| ṭ | osisi |
| u | ooh |
| v | vee |
| z | zet |
Nkesa ala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-asụ olumba Khawsak nke Hmar n'ebe ndị a
- Assam : Dima Hasao district, Karbi Anglong district, Hailakandi district, Karimganj district na Cachar district
- Manipur : mpaghara Pherzawl, mpaghara Churachandpur, mpaghara Jiribam na Moreh
- Mizoram : Aizawl district, Champai district na Kolasib district
- Tripura : N'ime na gburugburu Darchawi na Jampui Hills
- Meghalaya : Shillong na obodo Khaddum
- Myanmar : Tamu
- Bangladesh : Bawm
Ebe ọ bụ na ndị na-ekwu okwu Hmar gbasasịa n'akụkụ buru ibu na Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Chittagong Hill traktị na mpaghara Cachar nke steeti Assam na Myanmar, ọ dị ka enwere ntakịrị ọdịiche dị n'asụsụ. Na Manipur, Hmar na-egosipụta nhụta anya n'otu n'otu na olumba Kukish ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara gụnyere Thadou, Paite, Aimol, Vaiphei, Simte, Kom na asụsụ Gangte . [5]
Ṭawngkasuok
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ṭawngkasuok (Trong-ka-sook) bụ ilu ma ọ bụ okwu ochie nke ndị Hmar na-eji ma sụgharịa n'ụzọ nkịtị ka ọ bụrụ "asụsụ ndị a na-ekwu n'ọnụ." [6]
| Hmar kwuru | Ntụgharị asụsụ Contextal | Nkọwa |
|---|---|---|
| A chângin hmar thing a pâr a, a chângin sim thing a pâr | "Mgbe ụfọdụ osisi ugwu na-ama ifuru, mgbe ụfọdụ osisi ndịda na-ama ifuru." | Ihe niile nwere oge ya; ndidi bụ isi. |
| Ṭawng inbuo le tui inbuo rût i an nawh | "Okwu na mmiri, ozugbo wụfuru, enweghị ike iweghachite." | Kwuo okwu nke ọma; okwu na-enwe nsonaazụ na-adịgide adịgide. |
| Lal ngai lo lal a kha | "Eze na-aghọbeghị eze na-achị obi ilu." | Nke a bụ okwu na-adịghị mma ejiri kọwaa onye nọ n'ọchịchị, na-egosi na ha erughị eru ma ọ bụ rụrụ arụ n'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ikike. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ada ụda n'ọdịnala, ọdabara ya sara mbara nwere ike ịdị iche. |
| Pân loveh tho a fu ngai nawh | "Otu ijiji agaghị ada n'ihe ọzọ karịa ọnya mepere emepe." | Nke a na-egosi na ihe ndabara ma ọ bụ nsogbu na-adọtakarị ụta ma ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma, na-atụ aro na ọ na-enwekarị ihe kpatara ya kama ọ na-eji okwu ebubo. |
| Kwụpin lû a khêl i nawh | "ikpere enweghị ike ibili n'elu isi" | Nke a bụ nkwutọ na-adịghị mma na-egosi na e nwere njedebe dị n'ime ndụ, na-atụ aro na n'agbanyeghị otú mmadụ siri gbalịsie ike, ha agaghị agafe ebe kwesịrị ekwesị ma ọ bụ akara aka ha. Ọ na-egosipụta echiche na-egbu egbu, ebe ọchịchọ na mgbalị na-egbochi site na oke na-enweghị ike ịgbanwe. |
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Did you know Hmar is vulnerable? (en). Endangered Languages. Archived from the original on 2023-07-31. Retrieved on 2023-07-31. “... Hmar speakers of Manipur use Manipuri while Assamese and Bengali are used in Assam. Ethnic Hmars living in Mizoram speak Mizo as their first language....”
- ↑ Lisam (2011). Encyclopaedia Of Manipur (3 Vol.) (in en). Gyan Publishing House, 561. ISBN 978-81-7835-864-2. “... They speak Hmar language and converse well in Manipuri (Meiteilon) ...”
- ↑ Pangamte (2019). New Hmar Grammar And Composition. Hmar Literature Society Manipur.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bapui (2012). Hmar Tawng Inchukna (A Lexical Study of the Hmar Language & Usages). The Assam Institute of Research for Tribals and Scheduled Castes. Bapui, VL Tluonga (2012).
- ↑ Singh (1995). "The linguistic situation in Manipur". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 18 (1): 129–134. DOI:10.32655/LTBA.18.1.09. Retrieved on 19 June 2014.
- ↑ Vanlalawmpuia. "Ṭawngkasuok: Traditional Sayings of the Hmar People". Mizoram University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 10 (1): 235–242.