Asụsụ Hu
Hu (Hu pronunciation, Chinese; : Hùyǔ), bụkwa Angku ma ọ bụ Kon Keu, bụ Asụsụ Palaungic nke Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Ndị na-asụ ya bụ ndị agbụrụ pere mpe; gọọmentị China na-agụ ndị Angku dị ka ndị otu mba Bulang, mana Asụsụ Angkuic anaghị aghọta ya na Bulang.
Nbudata
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka Li si kwuo (2006:340), e nwere ihe na-erughị 1,000 ndị na-asụ ya bi na ndagwurugwu nke Ugwu "Kongge" ("控格山") n'obodo Na Huipa (纳回帕村), obodo Mengyang, Jinghong (景洪市, Obodo dị na mpaghara). [1]
Ndị Dai-asụ Hu na-akpọ onwe ha xuʔ55, ndị obodo Dai na-akpọ ha "ndị ojii" (黑人), yana xɔn55 kɤt35, nke pụtara 'mkpụrụ obi ndị dị ndụ'.[4] A makwaara ha n'ógbè ahụ dị ka ndị Kunge (昆格人) ma ọ bụ ndị Kongge (控格人). [1]
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A chịkọtara data Hu gosipụtara na ọmụmụ ihe ahụ site na mpaghara Xiao Mĕngyăng na Jǐnghóng County, Yunnan, China.
Ọdịdị okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Okwu f Hu na-abụkarị monosyllabic. Okwu disyllabic niile bụ Iambic. E nwere otu ụdị trisyllabic na data: ʔapalàw "azụ̀". [5] Ya mere, nhazi kachasị na Hu bụ (C1 (a (C2))). 'Ci (Cm) V (Cf) T.
Suprasegmentals (ụda)
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Hu nwere Ụda abụọ: elu na ala. [6] Usoro ụdaolu na-egosipụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti ogologo ụdaume akụkọ ihe mere eme (obere < ogologo; elu < mkpụmkpụ) nke na-adịghịzi phonemic taa, yana ọdịiche dị iche iche nke ogologo ka na-ahụ anya.[7]
Mgbanwe na njikọta nke abụọ ndị sochirinụ ewebatala enweghị usoro nkesa: mkpụrụokwu nwere nkwụsị glottal ikpeazụ na-enwe ụda olu dị elu mgbe niile; ụdaume dị elu /i, u/ na-ewere ụda olu dị elu na mkpụrụokwu mechiri emechi, mana ụda olu dị ala naanị na mkpụrụokwu mepere emepe na tupu /-ʁ/. .[5]
Mkpụrụ okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mmalite
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Akpụkpọ ahụ | Ezé ezé | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Mkpịsị aka | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| etiti | sibilant | |||||||
| Plosive | ala dị larịị | p | t | c | k | ʔ | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | cʰ | kʰ | ||||
| Ihe na-esiri ike | enweghị olu | θ | s | x | h | |||
| kwuru okwu | ʁ | |||||||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||
| N'akụkụ | l | |||||||
| Ihe atụ | w | j | ||||||
Codes
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Mkpịsị aka | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | t | c | k | ʔ | |
| Ihe na-esiri ike | ʁ | |||||
| Ụgbọ imi | m | n | ŋ | |||
| N'akụkụ | l | |||||
| Ọkara ụdaolu | w | j |
Mmalite dị mgbagwoju anya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mmalite dị mgbagwoju anya nke Hu a hụrụ na faịlụ ndị ahụ bụ /pʁ phl kʁ kl ŋkh ŋʁ sʁ/ .[5]
Mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
Akwụkwọ Nsọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Aha nnọchiaha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| otu | abụọ | ọtụtụ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Onye nke mbụ | ʔɔ́ʔ | ʔàj | ʔéʔ |
| Onye nke abụọ | Meʔ | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịkarị | phéʔ |
| Onye nke atọ | Nkọwa | Kaw | Keʔ |
Ọnụ ọgụgụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ntụnyere ọnụọgụgụ Hu na nhazi proto-Palaungic nke Sidwell (2015) mere. E jiri ego mgbazinye Tai dochie ọnụọgụgụ karịrị ise..
| Nkọwa | Hu | Proto-Palaungic |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Okwu a na-akpọ | *moːh |
| 2 | kaʔà | *ləʔaːr |
| 3 | kaʔɔ̀j | *ləɔːj |
| 4 | Okwu a na-akpọʔaphòn | *poːn |
| 5 | paθán | *pəsan |
| 6 | (Ịgbazinye ego na Tai) | *tɔːl |
| 7 | - | *təpuːl |
| 8 | - | *taːʔ |
| 9 | - | *tiːm |
| 10 | - | *kɤːl |
| 100 | - | *prjah |
| 1000 | - | *sreːŋ |
Akụkụ ahụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Nkọwa | Hu | Proto-Palaungic |
|---|---|---|
| ntutu isi | Ọkụ | *suk |
| ọkpụkpụ | kaʔàŋ | *cəʔaːŋ |
| ụkwụ | cedar | *ɟɤːŋ |
| imi | Katə́ʔ | *kəɗɤːʔ |
| afọ | Katul | *kəɗɤl |
| ntị | nasòk | *hjoːk |
| anya | saŋàj | *Sizì: |
| ire | N'ihi ya | *-taːk |
| aka | Thiʔ | *tiːʔ |
| ara | thút | *tuːs |
Anụmanụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]| Nkọwa | Hu | Proto-Palaungic |
|---|---|---|
| atụ | thʁàk | *traːk |
| ant/termite | maʁúɲ | *ŋruːɲ |
| ịnyịnya | maʁáŋ | *mraŋ |
| bear | ʔaxèt | *kreːs |
| Sambar deer | phòt | *poːs |
| Ezì | Lick | *-leːk |
| nnụnụ | ʔasím | *ciːm |
| louse | nsíʔ | *ciːʔ |
| nkịta | sayensị | [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] |
| nnụnụ | ʔìʁ | *ʔiɛr |
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Jǐnghóng Shì Měngyǎng Zhèn Kūngé Cūnwěihuì Nàhuípà (zh). ynszxc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-02-02. Retrieved on 2016-01-30.
Ịgụ ihe ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- RWAAI (Nchekwa na Ebe Ọrụ maka Ihe Nketa Na-adịghị Ahụ anya nke Austroasiatic)
- Hu na RWAAI Digital Archive
- Ihe ndekọ Hu na Kaipuleohone gụnyere ndepụta okwu, okwu elicitation na ajụjụ ọnụ.