Asụsụ Inku
Inku bụ olumba Punjabi, nke obodo anọ na-eme njem na-asụ na Afghanistan niile: Jalali, Pikraj, Shadibaz na Vangawala. Obodo ndị na-eme njem na Afghanistan, ma ndị na-asụ Inku ma ọ bụ na-asụghị, bụ ndị a maara dị ka "Jats" (ka a ghara inwe mgbagwoju anya na Jats nke India na Pakistan ), okwu nke na-abụghị aha onwe nke otu dị iche iche kama ọ bụ mkpokọta, na-abụkarị aha na-enweghị isi nke ndị si mba ọzọ na-enye. [ 1 ] Akwụkwọ ntụaka Ethnologue nwere ntinye maka ihe nwere ike ịbụ asụsụ a, mana n'okpuru aha Jakati (ya na koodu jat ISO 639-3 kwekọrọ), mana ntinye ahụ dịkarịa ala ezighi ezi. [ 2 ]
Otu ọ bụla n'ime otu anọ ahụ na-ekwu ụdị dị iche iche nwere ntakịrị ọdịiche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ. [ 3 ] Dịka ọdịnala obodo ha siri dị, ndị nna nna ha si na mpaghara Dera Ismail Khan na Dera Ghazi Khan kwaga Pakistan na narị afọ nke 19. [ 4 ] Ụdị mmalite dị otú ahụ na-egosi na Inku nwere ike jikọta ya na olumba Derawali nke Punjabi, nke a na-asụ n'ebe ahụ, [ 5 ] n'agbanyeghị na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla mara nke ọma. [ 6 ]
Ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke otu ndị na-asụ Inku anọ ka e mere atụmatụ na ha dị 30,000 dị ka ngwụcha afọ 2010. [ 7 ] Enweghị ozi a pụrụ ịdabere na ya banyere ọnọdụ ha dị ugbu a, ọ bụ ezie na o yighị ka ọtụtụ ndị lanarịrị ọgba aghara na-esote na mba ahụ, [ 1 ] na dị ka ntinye na Ethnologue, nke na-agbanyeghị na ọ bụchaghị na-ezo aka na asụsụ a, [ 2 ] ndị na-ekwu okwu ikpeazụ "ma eleghị anya ga-adị ndụ n'ime 2020s". [ 8 ]
Aparna Rao chịkọtara akụrụngwa asụsụ gbasara ụdị ndị Shadibaz, Vangawala na Pikraj na-asụ na 1970, mana ebipụtabeghị ma ọ bụ nyochaa ha. [ 3 ]
Ihe atụ ederede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe ndị a bụ mwepụta nke ederede nke otu nwoke nke Chenarkhel nke Vangawala dere na 1978: [ 9 ] O
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]na-abụghị aha onwe nke otu dị iche iche kama ọ bụ mkpokọta, na-abụkarị aha na-enweghị isi nke ndị si
Akwụkwọ akụkọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- (2019) "Jakati", in Eberhard: Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 22nd, SIL International.
- Hanifi (2012). "Jāt", Encyclopædia Iranica.
- Hammarström:Inku. Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (2022).
- Kieffer (1983). "Afghanistan: V. Languages", Encyclopædia Iranica, 501–516.
- Rao (1986). "Peripatetic Minorities in Afghanistan: Image and Identity", in Orywal: Die ethnischen Gruppen Afghanistans. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert., 254–83. ISBN 3-88226-360-1.
- Rao (1995). "Marginality and language use: the example of peripatetics in Afghanistan". Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society 5 (2): 69–95.