Asụsụ Iu Mien

Asụsụ Iu Mien ( Iu Mien , ium ; Chinese or勉方言; Thai ) bụ asụsụ ndị Iu Mien na-asụ na China (ebe a na-ewere ha dị ka ndị mejupụtara ndị Yao ), Laos, Vietnam, Thailand na, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, United States na mba ọzọ. Dị ka asụsụ Mien ndị ọzọ, ọ bụ ụda ụda na monosyllabic .

Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na China na-ewere olumba a na-asụ na Changdong, Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi ka ọ bụrụ ọkọlọtọ. Iu Mien na-asụkwa ọkọlọtọ a na West, Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị si Laos gbara ọsọ ndụ, olumba ha na-agụnye mmetụta sitere na asụsụ Lao na Thai.

Iu Mien nwere 78% myirịta lexical na Kim Mun (Lanten), 70% na Biao-Jiao Mien, na 61% na Dzao Min .

Nkesa ala

Na China, a na-asụ ya na mpaghara ndị a (Mao 2004: 302–303). ^[1] Enwere ndị na-ekwu okwu 130,000 na mpaghara Hunan, yana ndị na-ekwu okwu 400,000 na Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou na Jiangxi .

Guangxi : Yangshuo , Lingui, Guanyang, Ziyuan, Xing'an, Longsheng, Gongcheng , Yongfu, Luzhai, Lipu, Mengshan, Pingle, Jinxiu, Yishan, Rong'an, Rongshui, Luocheng , Shang'an, Napo, Lingyun, Tianlin, Cangwu, Hezhou, Fuchuan, Zhaoping, Fangcheng, Shangsi
Guangdong : Yingde, Lechang, Shixing, Qujiang, Renhua, Wengyuan, Ruyuan, Liannan, Lianshan, Yangshan, Yangchun
Yunnan : Hekou, Jinping, Honghe, Mengla, Malipo, Maguan, Gangnan, Funing, Wenshan
Guizhou : Rongjiang, Congjiang, Sandu, Danzhai, Leishan, Zhenfeng, Luodian
Jiangxi : Quannan, Shanggao
Hunan : Jianghua . nakwa na Longzha Township (龙渣瑶族乡), Yanling County

Na Vietnam, ndị Dao bụ ndị Đại Bản, Tiểu Bản, Quần Chet, Ô Gang, Cóc Ngáng, na obere otu Cóc Mùn na-asụ asụsụ Iu Mien.

fonology

Consonants

Enwere ekwentị consonant 31 akpọtụrụ na Iu Mien. Ihe dị iche iche nke consonants Iu Mien bụ ọnụnọ imi na akụkụ na-enweghị olu.

Ekwentị consonant nke Iu Mien (olumba amaghi ama)
		Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Glottal
		Labial	plain	sibilant	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Ihu imi	voiced	m	n		ɲ	ŋ
Ihu imi	voiceless	m̥	n̥		ɲ̥	ŋ̊
Na-egbu egbu / Mmekọrịta	plain	p	t	t͡s	t͡ɕ	k	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ	t͡sʰ	t͡ɕʰ	kʰ
	voiceless	b	d	d͡z	d͡ʑ	ɡ
Nke na-ese okwu		f		s			h
Mmanya					j	w
N'akụkụ	voiced		l
N'akụkụ	voiceless		l̥

Usoro mkpoputa ọkọlọtọ maka Iu Mien anaghị anọchi anya ụda nkwụsị n'ụzọ dabara na akara IPA, kama ọ na-eji eg ⟨ ⟩, ⟨ d ⟩, na ⟨ nd ⟩ na-anọchi anya /tʰ/, /t/, and /d/ . Nke a nwere ike ịpụta site na mbọ ịchebe usoro mkpoputa Iu Mien na Pinyin (nke a na-anọchite anya Mandarin Chinese ), ebe ⟨ ⟩ na ⟨ ⟩ na-anọchi anya /tʰ/ and /t/ . A na-ahụkwa mmetụta Pinyin n'iji ⟨ c ⟩, ⟨ z ⟩, na ⟨ nz ⟩ iji nọchite anya alveolar affricates /t͡sʰ/, /t͡s/, and /d͡z/ ⟨ ⟩, ⟨ j ⟩, na ⟨ nj ⟩ maka postalveolar affricates /t͡ɕʰ/, /t͡ɕ/, and /d͡ʑ/ . Iji ⟨ ng ⟩ na-anọchi anya imi velar /ŋ/ pụtara na enweghịkwa ike iji ya nọchite anya /ɡ/, dị ka a ga-ebu amụma; kama, ⟨ nq ⟩ ka eji.
Dị ka Aumann na Pan si kwuo, n'otu olumba ndị China, postalveolar affricates bụ ihe nkwụsị palatal ( /cʰ/, /c/, /ɟ/ ).
Dị ka Daniel Bruhn si kwuo, imi na-enweghị olu bụ n'ezie usoro [h̃m], [h̃n], [h̃ŋ], and [h̃ɲ] (ya bụ obere imi imi /h/ na-esochi imi akpọpụtara), ebe mpụta na-enweghị olu bụ n'ezie mgbakasị mpụta na-enweghị olu [ɬ] .
Bruhn chọpụtakwara na ndị ọgbọ Iu Mien America nwere ike iji /h/ dochie imi na-enweghị olu na akụkụ ndị na-enweghị olu. na alveolo-palatal na-akpakọrịta na ụdị palato-alveolar ha kwekọrọ. ^[2]

Mmalite

Ọ na-egosi na fọnịm otu consonant niile ewezuga /ʔ/ nwere ike ime dị ka mmalite . ^[3]

Coda

N'adịghị ka Hmong, nke na-amachibido consonants coda n'ozuzu, Iu Mien nwere otu ụda ekwentị asaa otu nwere ike were ọnọdụ coda. Consonants ndị a bụ /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, [p̚], [t̚], [k̚], and /ʔ/ . Ụfọdụ nkwụsị nwere ike ime naanị dị ka nkwenye ikpeazụ mgbe a na-ejikọta ya na ụfọdụ ụda ; ọmụmaatụ, /ʔ/ naanị na-apụta na ụda ⟨ c ⟩ ma ọ bụ ⟨ ⟩ .

↑ Mao (1997). Bāhēng yǔ yánjiū (in zh). Shanghai: Shanghai yuandong chubanshe.
↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bruhn August 2007
↑ Lesson 1 - Consonants (en). Mienh.net. Archived from the original on 2005-11-01.

Ntụaka

mmadụ 443 ndị a nyochara na-ekwu na ha na-asụ asụsụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ n'ime ha anaghị asụ ya dị ka asụsụ obodo ha. A na-eji ya dị ka asụsụ asụsụ n'ahịa karịa n'ụlọ.mmadụ 443 ndị a nyochara na-ekwu na ha na-asụ asụsụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọtụtụ n'ime ha anaghị asụ ya dị ka asụsụ obodo ha. A na-eji ya dị ka asụsụ asụsụ n'ahịa karịa n'ụlọ.

Ọgụgụ ọzọ

Njikọ mpụga

[1] Mao (1997). Bāhēng yǔ yánjiū (in zh). Shanghai: Shanghai yuandong chubanshe.

[Bruhn_August_2007-2] Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bruhn August 2007

[3] Lesson 1 - Consonants (en). Mienh.net. Archived from the original on 2005-11-01.

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