Asụsụ Jru'
| Jru' Jruʔ, ຈຼ໌ຣູະ | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Laos | |
| Total speakers: | Templeeti:Sigfig | |
| Language family: | Tustrusyawit Bahnaric West Laven Jru'Templeeti:Infobox Language/script | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | —
| |
| ISO 639-3: | lbo
| |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Jru' (Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:IPA/data' not found. ) bụ asụsụ Mon–Khmer nke ngalaba Bahnaric a na-asụ na ndịda Laos. [1] A makwaara ya dị ka "Ịhụnanya", "Laven" ma ọ bụ "Boloven" sitere na Laotian exonym Laven ma ọ bụ Loven, nke sitere na aha Khmer maka Boloven Plateau . Ndị Jru's na-ekere òkè na kọfị kọfị na cardamom, yana ọrụ ugbo ndị ọzọ.
Nhazi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Jru' bụ ụdị Laven dị iche iche bụ nke ngalaba ọdịda anyanwụ nke asụsụ Bahnaric nke gụnyekwara asụsụ ndị dị ka Brao .
Nkesa ala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Jru' bụ asụsụ obodo nke ndị Jru's, ebo ugwu sitere na ugwu ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ na Champasak, Sekong na Attapeu Provinces nke dị na etiti mpaghara ndịda Laos. [1] Ụdị dị iche iche a kọwara ebe a bụ ụdị dị iche iche a na-amụ nke a na-asụ na Paksong District, Champasak na obodo Paksong, Houeikong, Tateng, na obodo dị iche iche dị nso.
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ụda na usoro mkpụrụokwu nke Jru' bụ ụdị asụsụ West Bahnaric n'ozuzu ya. Okwu na-abụkarị monosyllabic ọ bụ ezie na okwu ole na ole nwere obere mkpụrụ okwu tupu, na-ejigide usoro Mon-Khmer sesquisyllabic kpochapụwo. Ahụbeghị ọdịiche ndekọ aha a hụrụ n'asụsụ Mon-Khmer ndị ọzọ na Jru' na, n'adịghị ka asụsụ ugwu gbara ya gburugburu, Lao, Jru' emepụtabeghị ụda ụda olu. [1]
Consonants
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka asụsụ Mon-Khmer ndị ọzọ dị na mpaghara ahụ, Jru' na-amata ọdịiche dị n'ebe ise nke okwu n'ime ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ya na nkwụsị ya nwere ike ịkpọpụta, kpọpụta ma ọ bụ (ịkpọpụta). Enyere consonants ndị a n'okpuru na IPA dị ka Jacq debere. [1]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Achọsiri ike | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| Enweghị olu | p | t | c | k | ʔ | ||
| Ekwupụtara ya | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | |||
| Ihu imi | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Nke na-ese okwu | s | h | |||||
| Odika | w | l | r | j | |||
Udaume
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Udaume nke Jru' ketara site na Proto-Mon-Khmer na-egosi ogo ụdaume atọ na ọnọdụ asụsụ atọ, ma ọ bụ ọnụọgụ "azụ". Ihe ọhụrụ nke Jru' mepụtara ọdịiche gbara gburugburu na ụdaume azụ mepere emepe, na-ebute ọnọdụ ụdaume iri. Iri niile na-egosikwa ọdịiche dị ogologo, na-enye ngụkọta nke monophthong 20. N'adịghị ka asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Southeast Asia sprachbund, ogologo ọdịiche abụghị n'etiti mkpụmkpụ na ogologo, ma n'etiti "mgbe niile" na "mkpịsị mkpụmkpụ". [1]
| N'ihu | Central | Azu | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| amara mkpirisi | mgbe niile | amara mkpirisi | mgbe niile | amara mkpirisi | mgbe niile | |
| Mechie | i | iː | ɨ | ɨː | u | uː |
| N'etiti etiti | e | eː | o | oː | ||
| Oghere-etiti | ɛ | ɛː | ə | əː | ʌ, ɔ | ʌː, ɔː |
| Mepee | a | aː | ||||
Jru' nwekwara diphthong atọ /ia/, /ɨə/, na /ua/ . Ihe diphthongs /ie/ na /uo/ A na-ahụkwa na mpaghara ụfọdụ dị ka allophones nke /i/ na /u/, n'otu n'otu.
Nhazi mkpụrụedemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-anọchi anya monosyllable kachasị dị ka (C 1 )C 2 (R)V(C 3 ) ebe C 1 bụ consonant ọ bụla na-enweghị olu, C 2 bụ consonant ọ bụla ma e wezụga otu yiri C 1 (ma ọ bụ R ma ọ dị), R bụ /r/ ma ọ bụ /l/, V bụ ụdaume ma ọ bụ diphthong ọ bụla yana C 3 bụ nkwenye ọ bụla ma e wezụga nkwusi okwu ma ọ bụ nke a na-achọsi ike. Akụkụ ndị dị na mbikọ anọghị n'okwu niile. [1]
Nhazi okwu sesquisyllabic kacha bụ C 1 əC 2 (R)V(C 3 ) ebe C 1 bụ /p/, /k/ ma ọ bụ /t/, C 2 bụ /h/, /r/ ma ọ bụ /l/, V bụ ụdaume ma ọ bụ diphthong ọ bụla yana C 3 bụ nkwenye ọ bụla ma e wezụga nkwusi okwu ma ọ bụ nke a na-achọsi ike. [1]
Usoro edemede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ Mon-Khmer, Jru' enweghị usoro odide ụmụ amaala. Otú ọ dị, n'ebe dị iche iche na akụkọ ihe mere eme, ụdị edemede dị iche iche dị gụnyere Quốc ngữ na Lao ejirila ma ọ bụ gbanwee iji degharịa ụda asụsụ maka ọmụmụ ihe. [1] N'oge nnupụisi Ong Keo nke mmalite 1900s, bụ nke agbụrụ Mon-Khmer ugwu nke mpaghara ahụ jikọtara ọnụ iji guzogide ọchịchị French na Lao, Ong Kommandam, onye na-asụ asụsụ Alak nwere njikọ chiri anya, chepụtara edemede mgbagwoju anya nke a na-akpọ Khom nke ejiri oge dee Jru'. [1]
N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, onye na-asụ asụsụ Pascale Jacq, site n’enyemaka nke ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala, ewepụtala akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere n’edemede Lao iji mee ka ndị na-asụ Jru’s nwee usoro ahaziri ahazi nke ha ga-eji dee asụsụ ha. [1] A na-eji akwụkwọ edemede Jacq ugbu a iji chịkọta ọkọwa okwu Jru'-Lao-English-French.
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Jacq (2004). "The Development of a Lao-based orthography for Jrù". Mon-Khmer Studies 34: 97–112. Retrieved on 28 June 2012. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Jacq2004" defined multiple times with different content
Njikọ mpụga
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Sidwell, Paul (2003). Akwụkwọ ntuziaka Bahnaric ntụnyere, Vol. 1: West Bahnaric . Pacific Linguistics, 551. Canberra: Ụlọ akwụkwọ nyocha nke Pacific na Asia Studies, Australian National University.
- http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Ebe nchekwa na ebe ọrụ maka ihe nketa a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha)
- http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-9043-C@view Jru' na RWAAI Digital Archive
- Ọzụzụ Ntị Consonant