Asụsụ Kagayanen

A na-asụ asụsụ Kagayanen na mpaghara Palawan na Philippines . Ọ bụ nke otu obere Manobo nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Austronesian ma bụrụ naanị onye otu n'ime obere otu a na-asụghị n'agwaetiti Mindanao ma ọ bụ nso.

Nkesa

A na-asụ Kagayanen na mpaghara ndị a:

Mpaghara Palawan : Cagayancillo Island n'etiti Negros na Palawan
Ogbe ndị dị n'ụsọ osimiri Palawan
Ndịda Palawan: Balabac Island
North Palawan: Busuanga na Coron
mpaghara ndị ọzọ gburugburu Philippines: Mpaghara Iloilo; Silay, Negros; Manila; Mpaghara Quezon na Rizal

fonology

Igwe ekwentị Kagayanen consonant
	Labial		Coronal			Velar		Glottal
Ihu imi		m		n			ŋ
Kwụsị	p	b	t	d		k	g	ʔ
Nke na-ese okwu			s					( h )
Odika ( N'akụkụ )				ð̞	j		w
Odika ( N'akụkụ )				l
Rhotic				r

[h] na-apụta naanị na okwu mbinye ego, aha kwesịrị ekwesị, ma ọ bụ n'okwu ndị nwere [h] n'asụsụ ndị agbata obi.[1] Na-abụghị okwu mbinye ego, /d/ na-aghọ [r] n'etiti ụdaume.[2]

Ntụnyere aka na akụkọ ihe mere eme na-egosi na /ð̞/ na /l/ nọ na nkesa nkwado tupu nkewa emee eleghị anya na nrụgide sitere na kọntaktị na Bekee, Spanish, na Tagalog .

Udaume nke Kagayanen
	N'ihu	Central	Azu
Mechie	i	ə	u
Mepee		a

/i/ dị n'etiti [i] na [e], ma e wezụga n'ime mkpụrụokwu na-edochaghị anya (yana n'ihu ụyọkọ consonant) ebe ọ na-agbada ruo [ɪ] ma ọ bụ [ɛ].[1] N'otu aka ahụ, /u/ na-agbada ruo [ʊ] n'ime mkpụrụokwu na-edochaghị anya, tupu consona

Ụtọ asụsụ

Ọtụtụ mgbọrọgwụ na Kagayanen enweghị akụkụ akọwapụtara nke okwu mana ha nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na amụma (dị ka ngwaa), na-ezo aka (dị ka aha), ma ọ bụ gbanwee (dị ka adjectives na adverbs). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, kaan bụ mgbọrọgwụ a na-ejikarị na-ezo aka na "osikapa esiere", ma mgbe a na-atụgharị ya dị ka ngwaa, otu mgbọrọgwụ ahụ nwere ike ịpụta "rie". ^[1] A na-emegharị ngwaa maka ọnọdụ, volition, olu (transitive / intransitive in the terminology Pebley), na ma arụmụka zuru oke bụ onye ọrịa na-emetụtakarị (akara ngwa ). ^[2] Dịka ọ dị n'asụsụ Austronesia ndị ọzọ, otu arụmụka nke ngwaa ka a na-emeso ya nke ọma site na syntax. Pabley na-ezo aka na nkebi ahịrịokwu a na-enweghị akara (nke na-abụkarị ma ọ bụghị mgbe niile na ọrụ ndidi mgbe arụmụka ọzọ dị) dị ka arụmụka "absolutive". (Van Valin 2005) na-ezo aka na nke a dị ka PSA, "arụmụka syntactic nwere ohere", ^[3] mana ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-eji okwu dịgasị iche iche na-ezo aka n'ụdị arụmụka a.

Ihe ndetu

Ndị Kraịst na animists; ọtụtụ ndị abanyela Islam, nke ka a ibe

↑ Pebley, Carol J. (2024). "A Grammar of Kagayanen". Language Science Press. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
↑ Pebley, Carol J. (2024). "A Grammar of Kagayanen". Language Science Press. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
↑ Reisberg, Sonya (2021). "Predicting voice choice in symmetrical voice languages. All the things that do not work in Totoli" (PDF). Studies in Language. doi:10.1075/sl.20061.rie. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

Ntụaka

[1] Pebley, Carol J. (2024). "A Grammar of Kagayanen". Language Science Press. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[2] Pebley, Carol J. (2024). "A Grammar of Kagayanen". Language Science Press. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

[3] Reisberg, Sonya (2021). "Predicting voice choice in symmetrical voice languages. All the things that do not work in Totoli" (PDF). Studies in Language. doi:10.1075/sl.20061.rie. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

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