Asụsụ Kakwa
| Obere ụdị nke | Macro-Puinavean  |
|---|---|
| Mba/obodo | Colombia |
| Ụmụ amaala ka | Vaupés Department |
| Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO | 4 severely endangered |
| Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue | 5 Na-etolite |
Asụsụ Cacua [1] [2] [3], nke a makwaara dị ka Kakua [4] ma ọ bụ Kakwa, bụ asụsụ obodo nke narị mmadụ ole na ole na-asụ na Colombia na Brazil . Enwere ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ otu asụsụ, ọkachasị ụmụaka. [1] Ewezuga ịbịaru nso ma ọ bụ olumba Nukak, nkewa ya ejighị n'aka.
Nchịkọta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ a bụ ụmụ amaala America Cacua [Kakua] bi na Colombia na Brazil [3] oke ohia okpomọkụ dị elu karịa 200 metres (660 ft) na elu. Ndị mmadụ nwere ihe eji ebi ndụ dị ka ịchụ nta ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị na ọrụ ugbo na-agba ọsọ . [5] E nwere ụfọdụ ndị na-abụghị ndị obodo Cacua bụ ndị na-abụkarị ndị ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ . Ọnụnọ ha arụpụtala nsụgharị nke ihe odide okpukpe Ndị Kraịst, karịsịa Akwụkwọ Nsọ Ndị Kraịst. [6]
Nkesa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị na-ekwu okwu dị na Wakara (Na Cacua: Wacará ) nke dị 30 kilometres (19 mi) sitere na Mitu (Na Cacua na Spanish: Mitú ) na mpaghara Vaupes nke ala. [1] (Na Spanish: Departamento del Vaupés ). Ebe obibi Kakua nke abụọ bụ "Nuevo Pueblo" (Obodo Ọhụrụ), nke bụ obodo ime ọhịa dị n'etiti osimiri Vaupés na osimiri Papurí. [7]
Nhazi
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Enwere olumba abụọ: Vaupés Cacua na Macú-Paraná Cacua. Cacua nwere nghọta na Nukak, [1] ma na-ewere ya dị ka olumba nke ikpeazụ site n'aka Martins (1999). Lee akụkọ ahụ maka nhazi ọzọ.
Aha ndị ọzọ maka asụsụ a gụnyere: Bára, Cakua, Kákwa, Macu de Cubeo, Macu Desano, Macu de Guanano, Macú-Paraná, Wakara . [1]
fonology
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Kakwa nwere ụdaume 6: /a, e, i, ɨ, o, u/. [8] Ụda / o/ na-apụta naanị ntakịrị n'olumba Wakara, ebe a na-agba akaebe maka olumba Nuevo Pueblo. N'okwu imi naanị ụdaume ise nwere ike ime. [7]
Kakwa nwere consonants iri na asaa:
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kwụsị | enweghị olu | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | ʔ |
| <small id="mwjg">kwuputara</small> | b | d | g | |||
| <small id="mwmg">creaky-olu</small> | b̰ | d̰ | ɡ̰ | |||
| Nke na-ese okwu | f | h | ||||
| imi | m | n | ɲ | |||
| Odika | larịị | j | w | |||
| creaky-olu | j̰ | w̰ | ||||
Ịgba mmiri na Kakwa bụ ihe na -emetụta morpheme nke na-emetụta akụkụ niile dị n'ime morpheme ọ bụla ma e wezụga nkwụsị olu na-enweghị ụda na glottalized palatal glide na mbụ. Ụdị morpheme ọ bụla bụ imi kpam kpam ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọnụ. [7]
Kakwa bụ asụsụ ụda ma na-egosipụta ụda ụda olu atọ dị iche iche: Rising (LH), falling] (HL), na ala (L). [7]
Ụtọ asụsụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Asụsụ ahụ na-eji ma isiokwu-ihe-ngwaa na ihe-ngwaa-okwu n'usoro. [1]
Ịmụ asụsụ abụọ na mmuta
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Akụkọ SIL gbakọtara na 1982 kwuru na ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ otu asụsụ, karịsịa ụmụaka. [7] Akụkụ ọzọ na-ekwe nkwa bụ na ọ bụ ezie na ịgụ na agụghị akwụkwọ dị ala site n'ụkpụrụ mba ụwa, ọ dị elu n'asụsụ ndị bebi, na gburugburu 10%, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 5% na Spanish, ọnọdụ dị iche nke ọtụtụ asụsụ ụmụ amaala America. [1] Cacua na-eji mkpụrụedemede Latin. [1]
Ihe atụ ederede
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ded pah jwiít jwĩ jwíih cãac cha pahatji naáwát
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lewis, M. Paul:Ethnologue: Languages of the World. SIL International (2015). Retrieved on 2020-06-30. “Cacua” Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "e18" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: cbv. ISO 639-3 Registration Authority - SIL International. Retrieved on 2017-07-03. “Name: Cacua”
- 1 2 Cacua entry. Global Recordings. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "record" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Kakua. Glottolog 4.3 (2020).
- ↑ Cathcart (1973). "Cacua", Aspectos de la cultura material de grupos étnicos de Colombia. Lomalinda: Townsend, 101–123.
- ↑ Bogota Explosion!. Kids Ministry International. Archived from the original on 2007-10-22. “Cacua language”
- 1 2 3 4 5 Bolaños (2016). A Grammar of Kakua. Utrecht: LOT. ISBN 978-94-6093-215-1. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "grammar" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories (en). linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved on 2018-08-09.