Asụsụ Kanoê

Kanoê ma ọ bụ Kapishana bụ asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ na Rondônia, Brazil . Ndị Kapishana na-asụ Portuguese ma ọ bụ asụsụ ụmụ amaala ndị ọzọ site n'alụmdi na nwunye.

A na-asụgharịkwa aha asụsụ ahụ Kapixana, Kapixanã, na Canoé, bụ́ nke ikpeazụ ha na Awa-Canoeiro kesara .

Ndị Kanoê, ọ bụ ezie na ha gbasasịrị n'akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke steeti Rondônia, na-ebikarị n'akụkụ Osimiri Guaporé. Asụsụ a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ laa n'iyi, na-enwe naanị ndị na-asụ asụsụ ise n'ihe dị ka ndị Kanoê narị atọ na iri na itoolu. ^[1]

Nhazi

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewere Kanoê dị ka asụsụ dịpụrụ adịpụ, enweela atụmatụ dị iche iche jikọtara ya na asụsụ ndị ọzọ na ezinụlọ asụsụ. ^[2]

Van der Voort (2005) na-achọpụta myirịta dị n'etiti Kanoê, Kwaza, na Aikanã, ma kwenyere na ihe akaebe adịghị ike nke ọma iji jikọta asụsụ atọ ahụ ọnụ dịka akụkụ nke otu ezinụlọ asụsụ.

Ọnụahịa (1978) na-atụ aro ka mmekọrịta ya na asụsụ Nambikwaran, mgbe Kaufman (1994, 2007) na-atụ aro na Kunza nwere njikọ.

Mmekọrịta asụsụ

Jolkesky (2016) kwuru na enwere myirịta lexical na Kwaza, Aikanã, na asụsụ Nambikwaran n'ihi kọntaktị.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme

Mmekọrịta mbụ nke ndị Kanoê na ndị mba ọzọ butere ọtụtụ ọnwụ site na ọrịa. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ahụ nwụrụ n'ihi ọkpa, measles, na nsogbu afọ. E nwekwara ọnwụ n'ihi esemokwu na ndị ọrụ ugbo bi na mpaghara ahụ. ^[1]

Enwere ike ịhụ ndị Kanoê n'akụkụ abụọ bụ isi, akụkụ mmiri nke Osimiri Guaporé na Osimiri Omerê . Mpaghara ọdịnala ha, ọkachasị Rio Omeré Indigenous Territory, dị na obodo Corumbiara na Chupinguaia nke steeti Rondônia . ^[3] : 659 Ndị isi obodo, ndị bi n'akụkụ Osimiri Guaporé, na-ekerịta ala ahụ na ụmụ amaala ndị ọzọ ma nwee ogologo oge nke ibikọ ọnụ na "onye ọcha". Ọtụtụ n'ime ha abanyela n'ọha obodo Brazil ma lụọla ndị si n'otu obodo ndị ọzọ. Naanị atọ n'ime ha ka na-asụ asụsụ Kanoê taa.

N'akụkụ Osimiri Omerê, enwere ike ịchọta otu ezinụlọ nke Kanoê, na-enwechaghị mmetụta sitere na obodo Brazil. N'ịbụ ndị gbagara n'ime ebe nchekwa ọhịa, a na-ewere otu a dị ka ụmụ amaala dịpụrụ adịpụ, na-ahapụ naanị kọntaktị na mpụga na 1995 ka ọtụtụ afọ nke Ethno Environmental Protection Front gbalịsiri ike. N'ihe dị ka afọ 2003, ọ bụ nanị mmadụ anọ fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ Kanoê a, ebe abụọ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-asụ Kanoê otu asụsụ. A kwenyere na mpaghara dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Omerê bụ ókèala mbụ nke ndị Kanoê site na Victor Dequech (1942) na Etta Becker-Donner (1955).

Ọkwa dị ugbu a

N'ihi na ogologo oge Kanoê bụ nke ọma emezighituri gbara akaebe na nkewa. Amụma dị iche iche ka e kwalitere na obere ihe akaebe; Ọnụahịa (1978) dịka ọmụmaatụ chere na Kanoê nwere ike ịbụ otu n'ime asụsụ Nambikwaran . Mgbe e mechara kọwaa ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu, site na Bacelar (2004), ọ bịara bụrụ ihe dịpụrụ adịpụ asụsụ. ^[4]

Ọmụmụ asụsụ mbụ e dere ede nke asụsụ Kanoê dị taa, laghachiri na 1943 mgbe Stanislav Zach bipụtara otu okwu nke agbụrụ Kanoê, ^[5] bụ nke emelitere na 1963 site n'aka Cestmír Loukotka .

Laércio Bacelar bipụtara akụkọ mmalite nke njirimara phonological nke asụsụ Kanoê na 1992, ^[6] nwere akụkọ nke abụọ na nyocha nke phonology e bipụtara na 1994. ^[7] Bacelar na Cleiton Pereira dere akwụkwọ na morphosyntax nke asụsụ na 1996. ^[8] Na 1998, Bacelar na Augusto Silva Júnior bipụtara akwụkwọ banyere mkparị na litotes nke asụsụ ahụ. ^[9] Kemgbe ahụ, Laércio Bacelar bụ onye isi asụsụ na-enyocha asụsụ ahụ ma soro ndị Kanoê na-arụkọ ọrụ. Na 2004 o bipụtara nkọwa zuru ezu nke phonology, ụtọ asụsụ na syntax ya. ^[10]

Ọrụ akpọrọ Etnografia e Documentação da Lingua Kanoé na-aga n'ihu site n'usoro ọkọwa okwu na usoro agbụrụ iji dekọ data ọdịyo na ederede nke asụsụ Kanoê. Ọ bụ Laércio Nora Bacelar, onye na-asụ asụsụ Brazil na-ahazi ọrụ a ugbu a, nke FUNAI - Museu do Índio na UNESCO kwadoro ya. Ọrụ a nwekwara nkwado nke obodo Kanoê niile sitere na osimiri Guaropé na nke Omọra.

fonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Kwụsị	p	t		k
Mmekọrịta		t͡s
Nke na-ese okwu	β			x
Ihu imi	m	n	ɲ
Odika			j	w
Mpịakọta		ɾ

/x/ is limited to a few verb forms, where it occurs before /ĩ/. /ts/ is highly variable, [ts tʃ s ʃ], with the affricates being the more common, [ʃ] rare, and [tʃ ʃ] most common before /i u/. /r/ is [ɾ] between vowels, [d] after [n] and occasionally initially. /ɲ/ varies as [ȷ̃]. /n/ is [ŋ] before /k/, a pattern which occurs during metathesis. /p/ is very rarely realized as [ɓ]. /w/ /j/ are nasalized after nasal vowels.

Udaume

	N'ihu		Central		Azu
	larịị	<small id="mw_A">nas.</small>	larịị	<small id="mwAQE">nas.</small>	larịị	<small id="mwAQY">nas.</small>
Mechie	i	ĩ	ɨ	ɨ̃	u	ũ
N'etiti	e	Ɛ	ọ	ə̃	o	õ
Mepee	æ	æ̃	a	ʌ̃

Ụdaume bụ /i e æ ɨ ə a u o/, niile ọnụ na imi; Udaume imi nwere dịtụ iche ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe: [ĩ], [ɛ̃]~[ẽ], [æ̃], [ɨ̃], [ã]~[ʌ̃], [ɔ̃]~[õ], [ũ] .

A na-adụnye ụdaume ọnụ n'ọha n'akụkụ nkwụsị imi, yana mgbanwe nke ụdaume imi n'ụdị ụda. /e/ dị iche dị ka [ɛ]~[e] mgbe /ts/ na nso nso nso. /ɨ/ iche dị ka [ɨ]~[ə] mgbe consonants na-enweghị olu. /o/ dị iche dị ka [ɔ]~[o] mgbe /p, m/ . Udaume nwere ike inwe onye na-apụ apụ na-enweghị olu (nke ọma [h] ) mgbe ụda olu anaghị eso ya.

Udaume na-adị ogologo mgbe ha mejupụtara morpheme nke ha. Nchegbu dị na mkpụrụokwu ikpeazụ nke otu okwu. Mkpụrụokwu dị mgbagwoju anya bụ CGVG, ebe G bụ glide /j w/, ma ọ bụ, n'ihi epenthesis na ụfọdụ ọnọdụ morphological ma ọ bụ n'ihi nhụpụ, nkwenye ikpeazụ nwere ike ịbụ /m n/ . Otu n'ime okwu ndị dị mgbagwoju anya karịa bụ /kwivejkaw/ 'ịkpụ isi'. Usoro ụdaume na-eme, dị ka ọ dị na /eaere/ 'onyeisi'.

Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ

Kanoê bụ asụsụ polysynthetic, ebe okwu ndị dị mgbagwoju anya bụ ngwaa (Payne 1997). Ọ bụkwa isi okwu agglutinative, ọtụtụ okwu na-etolite site na mgbọrọgwụ dị mfe, juxtaposition na suffixation. ^[4] Enwere ike ịkọwa nwoke na nwanyị site na suffixation ma ọ bụ site na hyperonym, na ebe Kanoê adịghị eme ka ọnụọgụgụ dị iche iche, ọ na-eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti aha ndị a na-apụghị ịgụta ọnụ na ndị a na-agụta ọnụ, ebe a na-agbakwunye suffix {-te} ^[10] . Usoro syntax nke Kanoê na-eso SOV = isiokwu + ihe + ngwaa. ^[4]

N'asụsụ Kanoê, a na-eji usoro mmụgharị morphological emepụta ngwaa na-emekarị . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, manamana 'igwakorita', ma ọ bụ mañumañu 'ịta'. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ aha na-egosi reduplication, ọ nwere ike inwe onomatopoeic mkpali kama a morphologic otu - ọtụtụ aha na reduplication bụ aha maka anụmanụ na nnụnụ, na nke phonetic usoro nke reduplication yiri ka eṅomi ụda àgwà nke anụmanụ kwuru, ihe atụ kurakura 'ọkụkọ' ma ọ bụ tsõjtsõj' hummingbird '. ^[10]

Nkpọaha

Nkpọaha nkeonwe

Nnọchiaha onwe onye n'asụsụ Kanoê na-eso ụdị n'efu monomorphic n'otu n'otu na bimorphic n'ọtụtụ. Nnọchiaha ndị a nwere ike ime na isiokwu ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ ihe. Nhazi nke nnọchiaha ọtụtụ mmadụ na-eso usoro PRO. PL → PRO. SG + COL, ebe PRO bụ otu ụdị aha na -COL bụ ọtụtụ morpheme {-te} . ^[10]

Aha aha nkeonwe
	Otu	Ọtụtụ
Onye mbụ	ai	ebee
Onye nke abụọ	mi	àjà
Onye nke atọ	oj	ojte

Ọmụmaatụ:

Nnochiaha nwere

Ụdị maka nnọchiaha nke nwere bụ monomorphic na POSS.1SG ña na POSS.2SG pjs mana bimorphic maka POSS.3SG oho nke 3SG oj gbakwunyere nwere {-o} . A na-etolite ụdị ọtụtụ maka nnọchiaha ndị nwe ya site n'ịgbakwunye suffix {-to} nke n'onwe ya bụ ihe si na suffixes {-te} plus {-o} . ^[10]

Nnochiaha nwere
	Otu		Ọtụtụ
Onye mbụ	nka	nkem	jato	nke anyi
Onye nke abụọ	pja	nke gi	pjato	nke gi
Onye nke atọ	ojo	nke ya	ojoro	nke ha

Ọmụmaatụ:

Ngosipụta nnọchiaha

S aEnwere naanị okwu ngosipụta abụọ n'asụsụ Kanoê, jũ, "nke a" maka ihe dị nso na ũko, "nke ahụ" maka ihe dị anya. Nnọchiaha ngosipụta anaghị eme ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọnụọgụ ma ọ bụ okike.

Quantifier

Ụzọ a na-ejikarị akọwa ọnụọgụ n'asụsụ Kanoê bụ nkwubi okwu nke quantifier arakere "ọtụtụ". A na-eche na a na-emepụta quantifier arakere site na usoro litotes na nhazi ime ya na-eso {ara-} "ole na ole" + {-k} 'NEG' + {-e} 'DECL' + {-re} 'AUX'. ^[10]

	kani		arakere kani
	nwa		ọtụtụ ụmụaka

	mapi		arakere mapi
	akụ		ọtụtụ akụ

Enwere ike iji quantifier arakere yana ọnụọgụ iji gbanwee ihe ọ pụtara na "ole na ole": Asụsụ Kanoê nwekwara ajụjụ quantifier nẽtoe “ole” nke e ji na mmalite nke ahịrịokwu:

Hụkwa

Asụsụ Macro-Paesan

Ntụaka

1 2 Laércio Nora Bacelar. Povo. Povos Indígenas No Brasil. Instituto Socioambiental. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "2pib" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Campbell (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America", in Grondona: The Indigenous Languages of South America, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 59–166. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.
↑ (2023) in Epps: Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-043273-2.
1 2 3 Kanoê. Projeto de Documentação de Línguas Indígenas. Museu do Indio. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "1prodoclin" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Stanislav (1943). Vocabulário das tribos Massacá, Salamãi, Coiá e Canoê. (in pt).
↑ Bacelar (1992). Fonologia preliminar da língua Kanoê. (in pt). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília.
↑ Bacelar (1994). "Fonologia segmental da língua Kanoê: uma análise preliminar" (in pt). Signótica: Revista do Mestrado em Letras e Linguística (6): 59–72.
↑ Bacelar (1996). "Aspectos Morfossintáticos da Língua Kanoê." (in pt). Signótica: Revista do Mestrado em Letras e Linguística (8): 45–55.
↑ Bacelar (1998). "A negação e a litotes na língua Kanoê" (in pt). Signótica: Revista do Mestrado em Letras e Linguística (9).
1 2 3 4 5 6 Bacelar (2004). Gramática da língua Kanoê (in pt). Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen. ISBN 9789090179582. Retrieved on 2011-04-19. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "4bacelar" defined multiple times with different content

[2pib-1] 1 2 Laércio Nora Bacelar. Povo. Povos Indígenas No Brasil. Instituto Socioambiental. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "2pib" defined multiple times with different content

[Campbell-SAmerica-2] Campbell (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America", in Grondona: The Indigenous Languages of South America, The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 59–166. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.

[Amazonian_isolates_2-3] (2023) in Epps: Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-043273-2.

[1prodoclin-4] 1 2 3 Kanoê. Projeto de Documentação de Línguas Indígenas. Museu do Indio. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "1prodoclin" defined multiple times with different content

[3Zach-5] Stanislav (1943). Vocabulário das tribos Massacá, Salamãi, Coiá e Canoê. (in pt).

[bacelar-fono-6] Bacelar (1992). Fonologia preliminar da língua Kanoê. (in pt). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília.

[7] Bacelar (1994). "Fonologia segmental da língua Kanoê: uma análise preliminar" (in pt). Signótica: Revista do Mestrado em Letras e Linguística (6): 59–72.

[8] Bacelar (1996). "Aspectos Morfossintáticos da Língua Kanoê." (in pt). Signótica: Revista do Mestrado em Letras e Linguística (8): 45–55.

[9] Bacelar (1998). "A negação e a litotes na língua Kanoê" (in pt). Signótica: Revista do Mestrado em Letras e Linguística (9).

[4bacelar-10] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bacelar (2004). Gramática da língua Kanoê (in pt). Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen. ISBN 9789090179582. Retrieved on 2011-04-19. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "4bacelar" defined multiple times with different content

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