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Asụsụ Kara (Papua New Guinea)

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Kara
Spoken in: New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea
Total speakers: 5,000
Language family: Tustrunizit
 Malayo-Polynesian
  Oceanic
   Western
    Meso-Melanesian
     (New Ireland)
      Tungag–Nalik
       KaraTempleeti:Infobox Language/script
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: —
ISO 639-3: leu
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Kara (nakwa Lemusmus ma ọ bụ Lemakot ) bụ asụsụ Austronesia nke ihe dị ka mmadụ 5,000 na-asụ na 1998 na mpaghara Kavieng nke New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea .

Laxudumau, nke a na-asụ n'ime obodo Lakudumau, bụ mgbanwe na Nalik .

fonology

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Consonants

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Igwe okwu consonant
Labial Alveolar Velar Uvula
Ihu imi m n ŋ
Plosive p b t d g q
Nke na-ese okwu ɸ β s ɣ
Trill r
N'akụkụ l

Kara nwere consonants iri na anọ. A na-ahụ consonants otu n'ime isi okwu, n'etiti ụdaume n'etiti ụdaume abụọ, n'ikpeazụ na n'usoro nke na-erughị okwu abụọ n'etiti . Consonants na-enweghị olu /p, t, q, ɸ, s/ mepụta ụyọkọ na consonant nke abụọ. Consonants nwere olu /b, d, g, β, ɣ/ na-apụta na mbụ na mkparịta ụka. Ha na-apụta dị ka nkwenye nke abụọ nke ụyọkọ. Otu ihe atụ ga-abụ [βalβal] 'osisi sap'. Ọ dị ịrịba ama na olumba dị iche iche na-agbanwe ojiji nke consonants. West Kara dochie /s/ ya na /z/ oge ọ bụla ọ ga-aga n'ihu ụdaume, na interpolate /ɸ/ ya na [h] tupu ụdaume na [ʔ] na njedebe nke okwu. [1]

Okwu nwere ihe kariri otu mkpuruokwu na nucleus nke /a/ nwere nsogbu ịdaba na syllable ikpeazụ.

  • [,ɾʊɾu.βeəq] 'muddy'

Okwu na-enweghi mkpuruokwu nwere nucleus nke /a/ ma ọ bụ nkeji okwu mechiri emechi nwere nrụgide na-ada na syllable mbụ.

  • ['ja.mu] 'axe'

Ụtọ asụsụ

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Kara na-agbaso usoro ngwaa–isi-okwu – ihe, ma na-eji mmegharịgharị maka imepụta ahịrịokwu dị mgbagwoju anya. Asụsụ ahụ na-ekpebi na a ga-amatarịrị akụkụ ahụ na okwu ikwu dị ka nke mmadụ nke na-eme ka o kwe omume inwe enweghị ike ịwepụ.

Ngwaa

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A na-eji ngwaa dị na Kara na-agafe agafe, nke pụtara na ngwaa ndị dị na Kara nwere ụdị dị iche iche nke na-ekpebi ka ịsụ asụsụ si esi n'etiti ihe na ngwaa ahụ. A na-eji ntụgharị ngwaa chọpụta ma asụsụ a na-asụ ọ̀ dị n'etiti mmadụ abụọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ekwu okwu, karịa onye na-ekwu okwu na onye na-ege ntị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ: ngwaa [kuus] 'sị' nwere onye mmalite mana ọ nweghị onye ga-agwa ya okwu.

Mgbanwegharị

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Mgbanwegharị na-apụta n'okwu nwere mgbanaka mgbanaka mbụ. A na-ekwu consonant emegharịrị emegharịgharị n'ime otu okwu ahụ.

  • [βipʰɪs] 'secured/confined' (cf. [pʰɪs] 'tie')
  • [βipʰrt] 'striking' (cf. [pʰrt] 'hit'
  • [βibɪt] 'lying' (cf. [bɪt] 'lie'
  • [ɤuqʰus] 'talking' (cf. [qʰus] 'say')

Ihe onwunwe enweghị atụ

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Suffixes enweghị ike ịgbagha
Isi 1s ikike 2s ikike 3s ikike Pụtara
[nasə] [nasaq] [nasam] [nasənə] 'nwunye'
[mɘtʰɘ] [mɘtʰaq] [mɘtʰam] [mətʰɘnɘ] 'anya'
[βəsa] [βɘsaq] [βɘsam] [βəsanə] 'nwanne'
[mi] [mieq] [mim] [minə] 'azụ'
[ɤu] [ɤuəq] [ɤum] [ɤunɘ] 'afọ'

Rịba ama na ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị mmadụ nke abụọ enweghị [ə] ; nke a na-eme n'ihi na usoro dị ka /iɘ, uɘ, oɘ, eə/ na-eme naanị tupu /ɤ/ ma ọ bụ /q/ . Kemgbe /ɘ/ bụ ụdaume nke abụọ n'usoro, /ə/ a na-ejikọta ma ọ bụ ehichapụ tupu nkwenye ọ bụla ma e wezụga /ɤ/ na /q/ .

Ihe ndetu

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  1. ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0

Akwụkwọ akụkọ

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