Asụsụ Karenni

Karenni ma ọ bụ Red Karen (Kayah Li: ꤊꤢꤛꤢ꤭ ꤜꤟꤤ꤬ ; Burmese ), nke a maara na Burmese dị ka Kayah ( Burmese ), bụ olumba Karen nke ihe karịrị ọkara nde ndị Kayah (Red Karen) na-asụ na Burma .

A kọwawo aha Kayah dị ka "aha ọhụrụ ndị Burmese chepụtara iji kewaa ha na Karen ndị ọzọ".

A kọrọ na 260,000 na-asụ Eastern Kayah na Burma na 100,000 na Thailand na 2000, na Western Kayah na 210,000 na Burma na 1987. Ha dị iche iche. N'ime olumba ndị ọdịda anyanwụ bụ Yintale na kayahManu ( Manumanaw na Burmese).

Nkesa na iche

Eastern Kayah na-asụ na:

Obodo Shadaw, Kayah State (n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Thanlwin River )
Langkho district, Shan State

Olumba Kayah Eastern bụ Upper Eastern Kayah na Lower Eastern Kayah, nke nwere nghọta n'etiti ha. Ụdị okwu dị iche iche nke obodo Huai Sua Thaw (Lower Eastern) bụ ihe a ma ama maka otu olumba abụọ ahụ. Eastern Kayah nwere ihe isi ike ịghọta Western Kayah.

A na-asụ Western Kayah na steeti Kayah na steeti Kayin, n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Thanlwin . A na-asụkwa ya na obodo Pekon dị na ndịda steeti Shan .

Olumba ugwu: Shan State (n'ebe ugwu nke Loikaw )
Olumba ndịda: Obodo Hpruso na Dimawso (ndịda Loikaw )

Olumba nke Western Kayah bụ akụkụ nke olumba continuum nke ụdị Central Karen dị na Thailand. Ha gụnyere:

Olumba ugwu nke Western Kayah
Olumba ndịda nke Western Kayah
Dawtama
Dawnnyjekhu
Songlog
Chi Kwe
Wan Cheh

Yintale, nke a kọrọ na ụdị Western Kayah dị iche iche, na-asụ n'ime obodo 3 nke obodo Hpasawng, mpaghara Bawlache, steeti Kayah .

A na-asụ Kawyaw, nke dị ka Western Kayah, na obodo 23 dị n'akụkụ oke obodo Bawlake na Hpruso, na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Kyebogyi nke steeti Kayah .

Olumba Kawyaw bụ Tawkhu na Doloso, bụ́ ndị a kọrọ na ha siri ike nghọta.

Consonants

Consonants na Eastern Kayah ^[1]
		Labial	eze / Alveolar	Mkpesa-<br id="mwASQ"><br><br><br> alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Na-egbu egbu / Mmekọrịta	enweghị olu	p	t	tɕ		k	( ʔ )
	achọsi ike	pʰ	tʰ	tɕʰ		kʰ
	kwuputara	b	d	dʑ
Nke na-ese okwu		( v )	s	( ɕ )	( ʝ )		h
imi		m	n		( ɲ )	ŋ
Odika	<small id="mwAXk">n'akụkụ</small>		l
Odika	etiti	w			j

A na-anụ /sʰ/ dị ka palato-alveolar [ʃ] n'ihu ụdaume dị elu.
A na-anụ /ŋ/ dị ka palatal [ɲ] n'ihu ma ọ bụ n'etiti ụdaume. ^[2]
/ɾ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka trill [r]. ^[3]

Consonants in Western Kayah^[2]^[3]
		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alv./ Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	Templeeti:IPA link		Templeeti:IPA link		Templeeti:IPA link
	aspirated	Templeeti:IPA link		Templeeti:IPA link		Templeeti:IPA link
	voiced	Templeeti:IPA link		Templeeti:IPA link		Templeeti:IPA link
Affricate					Templeeti:IPA link
Fricative	voiceless		Templeeti:IPA link		Templeeti:IPA link		Templeeti:IPA link
	aspirated			Templeeti:IPA link
	voiced	Templeeti:IPA link		Templeeti:IPA link	Templeeti:IPA link
Nasal		Templeeti:IPA link		Templeeti:IPA link	(Templeeti:IPA link)	Templeeti:IPA link
Rhotic				Templeeti:IPA link
Approximant	<small id="mw8w">lateral</small>			Templeeti:IPA link
Approximant	central	Templeeti:IPA link			Templeeti:IPA link

/tɕ/ nwekwara ike bụrụ nke a na-aghọta mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka [ɕ].
/j/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka palatal fricative [ʝ].
/ŋ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka palatal [ɲ] mgbe tupu ụdaume ihu na /j/.
/ɻ/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka trill [r] n'etiti okwu mmesi ike.
/w/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka [v] na mgbanwe efu.
A na-anụ nkwụsị glottal [ʔ] n'ọnọdụ mmalite efu tupu ụdaume mbụ. ^[1]

Udaume

Western

Udaume na Western Kayah
	N'ihu	Central	Azu
Elu	i		ɯ	u
Elu-etiti	e	ə	ɤ	o
Ala-etiti	ɛ		ɔ
Dị ala		a
Diphthong			ɯᵊ

Udaume ume
	N'ihu	Central	Azu
Elu	i̤		ɯ̤	ṳ
Elu-etiti	e̤	ə̤	ɤ̤	o̤
Ala-etiti	ɛ̤		ɔ̤
Dị ala		a̤
Diphthong			ɯ̤ᵊ

Udaume na Eastern Kayah ^[1]
	N'ihu	Central	Azu
Elu	i		ɯ	u
Elu-etiti	e		ɤ	o
Ala-etiti	ɛ	ə	ɔ
Dị ala		a

/ə/ nwekwara ike ịnụ dị ka ebe etiti [ʌ̈].

Usoro edemede

Dịka Aung 2013 siri kwuo, Manumanaw Karen enwebeghị edemede ahaziri ahazi. Ndị ozi ala ọzọ bụ́ ndị Katọlik ji mkpụrụ akwụkwọ Latịn, bụ́ nke e ji mee ihe n’akwụkwọ okpukpe, gụnyere nsụgharị Bible, jiri mkpụrụ akwụkwọ sụgharịa sụgharịa ya. E hiwela kọmitii akwụkwọ akụkọ Manumanaw Karen ma na-eji SIL na-emepe emepe mmemme ịgụ na ide, na-eji mkpope akwụkwọ dabere na edemede Burmese, nke mere na ndị Katọlik na ndị Baptist nabatara ya. ^[4]

Manumanaw Karen mkpụrụedemede Latin
a	b	c	d	e	è	g	h	j	i	î	k	kh	l	m	n	o	ô	ọ	p	ph	r	s	sh	t	ht	ị	ị	w	y

A na-egosi ụda olu site na iji caron, ụda olu ma ọ bụ na-enweghị mgbakwunye nke ndị a na ụdaume: ⟨ á, é, è́, í, î́, ó, ố, ò́, ú, û́ ⟩, ⟨ ǎ, ě, è̌, ǐ, îǔ̌, ǒ̌, ô̌,û ⟩ A na-eji diaeresis dị n'okpuru ebe a gosi ụda ume na ụdaume: ⟨ a̤, e̤, i̤, o̤, ṳ ⟩ .

Western Kayah mkpụrụedemede Latin
a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o	p	q	r	s	t	ị	v	w	x	y	z

A na-eji digraph asaa eme ihe.

Digraph
ng	ht	kh	ph	th	ny	gn

A na-agbakwunye ụdaume ise nke mkpụrụedemede ahụ site na mkpụrụedemede anọ nwere ụda olu na-anọchi anya ụdaume nke ha.

Udaume
a	e	i	o	ị	è	ọ	ô	ị

A na-anọchi anya ụda site na iji nnukwu ụda olu na karon n'elu ụdaume. E ji umlaut gosi olu iku ume n'okpuru mkpụrụedemede ụdaume. Mkpụrụokwu ụdaume ume ume nwekwara ike inwe ụda olu na-egosi ụda olu.

Ụda
Elu	a	e	i	ọ	ú	ihe	ọ	ố	ọ
Ọkara	ǎ	ọ	ǐ	ǒ	ǔ	è̌	ò̌	ô̌	û̌
Eku ume	a̤	e̤	i̤	o̤	ṳ	è̤	ọ̤	ô̤	ṳ̂

Ntụaka

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Solnit (1986). A grammatical sketch of Eastern Kayah (Red Karen). University of California at Berkeley.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Bryant (1996). Notes on Western Kayah Li (Western Red Karen) phonology. PYU Working Papers in Linguistics 1: Payap University, 66-104.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Wai (2013). A descriptive grammar of Kayah Monu. Chiang Mai: Payap University.
↑ Aung (2013). A Descriptive Grammar of Kayah Monu (Master's thesis). Payap University. Archived from the original on 2020-05-02. Retrieved on 2025-03-09.

Ọgụgụ ọzọ

Kirkland, Cortney, na Erin Dawkins. 2007. Nnyocha mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke Eastern Kayah Li na Thailand . Chiang Mai: Mahadum Payap.
Shintani Tadahiko . 2018. Asụsụ Yintalay . Nnyocha asụsụ nke Tay cultural area (LSTCA) no. 115. Tokyo: Ụlọ ọrụ nyocha maka asụsụ na omenala Asia na Africa (ILCAA).

Njikọ mpụga

E-books for children with narration in Karenni. Unite for Literacy library. Retrieved on 2014-06-21.
Eastern Kayah Li basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

[:2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Solnit (1986). A grammatical sketch of Eastern Kayah (Red Karen). University of California at Berkeley.

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Bryant (1996). Notes on Western Kayah Li (Western Red Karen) phonology. PYU Working Papers in Linguistics 1: Payap University, 66-104.

[:1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Wai (2013). A descriptive grammar of Kayah Monu. Chiang Mai: Payap University.

[4] Aung (2013). A Descriptive Grammar of Kayah Monu (Master's thesis). Payap University. Archived from the original on 2020-05-02. Retrieved on 2025-03-09.

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