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Asụsụ Karu

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Asụsụ Karu
asụsụ, modern language
obere ụdị nkeUpper Amazon Arawakan Dezie
mba/obodoBrazil, Colombia, Venezuela Dezie
ụmụ amaala kaBaniwa people Dezie
ụdị asụsụverb–object–subject Dezie
Ọkwa asụsụ UNESCO2 vulnerable Dezie
Ọkwa asụsụ Ethnologue8a Moribund Dezie

Karu, otu n'ime ọtụtụ asụsụ a na-akpọ Baniwa (Baniva), ma ọ bụ n'ebe ochie Itayaine (Iyaine), bụ asụsụ Arawakan a na-asụ na Guainía, Colombia, Venezuela, na Amazonas, Brazil . Ọ mebere obere otu na asụsụ Tariana, Piapoco, Resígaro na Guarequena . [1] Enwere 10,000 ọkà okwu. [2]

Ụdị dị iche iche

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Aikhenvald (1999)  na-ewere na atọ bụ isi ụdị dị ka olumba; Kaufman (1994) Ọ na-ewere ha dị ka asụsụ , n'otu ìgwè ọ na-akpọ "Karu". Ha bụ:

  • Baniwa nke Içana ( Baniua do Içana )
  • Curripaco (Kurripako, Ipeka-Tapuia-Curripako)
  • Katapolítani-Moriwene-Mapanai (Catapolitani, Kadaupuritana)

A na-akpọ (sub)dialects atọ niile tapuya, okwu Portuguese Brazil na okwu Nheengatu maka ndị na-abụghị ndị Tupi/na-abụghị ndị Guarani nke Brazil (site na okwu Tupi pụtara "onye iro, onye mba ọzọ"). Ndị Baniwa na-asụ ha niile . Ruhlen depụtara ihe niile dị ka "Izaneni"; Adzánani nke Greenberg (= Izaneni) nwere ike ịbụ nke a.

  • Ndịda ( Karotana ): Osimiri Içana dị ala, bụkwa otu ndị bi na Victorino na Osimiri Guainia (ókè Colombia-Venezuela)
    • Mapatsi-Dákeenai (Yurupari-Tapuya)
    • Wadzoli-Dákeenai (Urubu-Tapuya)
    • Dzawi-Minanai (Yauareté-Tapuya)
    • Adaro-Minanai (Arara-Tapuya)
  • Central ( Baniwa ): n'etiti Osimiri Içana (sitere na Assunção Mission na Siuci-Cachoeira ) na mpaghara ya ( Osimiri Aiari na obere Osimiri Cuiari ); na gburugburu Tunuí
    • Hohódeeni
    • Walipere-Dákeenai (Siucí-Tapuya)
    • Máolieni (Cáuatapuya)
    • Mápanai (Ira-Tapuya)
    • Awádzoronai
    • Molíweni (Sucuriyú-Tapuya)
    • Kadáopoliri
    • wdg.
  • Northern (nke a na-akpọ " Koripako " na Brazil): Osimiri Içana nke elu (site na Matapi n'elu), Osimiri Guainia, isi mmiri nke Osimiri Cuiari . Enwere koodu ISO 639 nke ọ bụla.
    • Ayáneeni (Tatú-Tapuya)
    • Payoálieni (Pacútapuya)
    • Komada-Minanai (Ipéca-Tapuya)
    • Kapitti-Minanai (Coatí-Tapuya)
    • wdg.

fonology

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Udaume [ 5 ]
N'ihu Central Azu
Elu i iː
N'etiti eeː o oː
Dị ala a aː
  • Mgbe ọ na-eme dị ka mkpụmkpụ, a na-achọpụta ụdaume /ieao/ dị ka [ɪ ɛ ʊ]. Ha na-aghọtakwa dị ka ma mkpụmkpụ na ogologo imi /ĩ ẽ ɐ̃ õ/, [ɪ̃ ɛ̃ ə̃ ʊ̃].
  • Ụda dị nso nwere olu nwere ike ịgbanwe gaa na ụda enweghị olu n'etiti olumba.
  • /ŋ/ na-eme naanị mgbe a na-aga n'ihu consonant velar.
  • /ɺ̥, ɺ/ dị na mgbanwe efu na [ɾ̥, ɾ]. [ 7 ]

Ụtọ asụsụ

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Usoro nhazi

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Baniwa nwere nhazi nrụzi-sative . Nke a pụtara na a na-edobe isiokwu nke ahịrịokwu intransitive mgbe ụfọdụ n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya nkebiokwu transitive, na mgbe ụfọdụ akara n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka onye ọrịa nke okwu ntụgharị. Na Baniwa nhazi a na-enweta site na nkwekọrịta ọnụ, ya bụ prefixes na enclitics .

Negation

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Enwere atụmatụ abụọ bụ isi maka mgbagha na ụdị Kurripako-Baniwa: [2]

  • Ihe nrịbama ọjọọ nọọrọ onwe ya
  • prefix nke privative ewepụtara ma-

Ụdị dị iche iche nwere akara ọjọọ dị iche iche. Nke a pụtara nke ukwuu nke na ndị na-ekwu okwu na-amata olumba Kurripako dịka okwu 'ee' na 'mba' siri dị. [2]

Olumba Ekwuru na Ee Mba
Aha-Khuri Colombia, Venezuela na Brazil Aha Khuri
Ehe-Khenim Venezuela Ehe Khenim
Aho-Karo Colombia na Brazil Oh Karo
Oho-Ñame Colombia na Brazil Oh Ñame

Ihe nrịbama ọjọọ nke nọọrọ onwe ya na-abịa n'ihu ngwaa ahụ. A na-eji ha dị ka ndị na-agbagha agbagha n'okwu nkwupụta na ajụjụ ajụjụ. A na-ejikwa ha jikọta nkebiokwu. [2]

Mgbakwunye nzuzo ahụ na-ejikọta na aha iji wepụta ngwaa nke pụtara 'enweghị' aha nke e si na ya nweta. Ihe na-emegide prefix nke nzuzo bụ prefix ka- . Nke a na-enweta ngwaa nke pụtara 'inwe' aha nke e si na ya nweta. [2] Enwere ike ịkọwa ọdịiche dị n'okpuru:

  • Noun: iipe 'anụ'
  • Nkeonwe: ma- iipe > meepe 'dị gịrịị' (lit. enweghị anụ)
  • Àgwà: ka- iipe > debe 'abụ abụba' (lit. nwee anụ)

A na-eji prefix a na nchikota ya na suffix mmachi -tsa iji mepụta ihe na-adịghị mma, dịka ma- ihnia -tsa 'Eriela! '. A na-ewukwa prefix nkeonwe na Proto-Arawak privative dị ka *ma-. [3]

Usoro okwu

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Granadillo (2014) na-ewere Kurripako ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ VOS . [2]

Okwu okwu

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Ngwaa [4]
Baniwa Bekee
Kapa Iji hụ
Za Ịṅụ mmanya
Himma Ịnụ
Cami Ịnwụ
Nu Ịbịa
Baniwa English
atxinari man
inarru woman
yene-pati boy
inarru girl
yém-beti child
pa-dzo father
noo-dua mother
noenipe son
noo-ido daughter
nuda-querri grandchild
nuda-queda grand-daughter
nutxi-marré genre
noo-ito daughter-in-law
noo-querri uncle
nocuiro aunt
ni-ri nephew
nôpérrirri niece
no-ri brother-in-law
no-i-dua sister-in-law
noo-perri grandfather
indaque-dua grandmother
ne-wi-da head
no-txi eyes
notxi-macaia right eye
noca-cuda left eye
notxi-coré hair
noécoá forehead
noéni ears
itaco nose
nunuma mouth
noénéne tongue
noé-txa teeth
nunumaia lips
nuca-cuià face
nué-râ chin
nué-galico neck
nuqui-apà shoulders
no-cudà chest
numiruapi ribs
nucaré heart
no-eni lung
no-au-à stomach
nona-pa right or left arm
no-capi right or left hand
no-motxi navel
no-capuira fingers
no-cotxi leg
no-ipà foot
no-ipé-uidà toes
no-coro-da to heel
nosso-tà nail
e-eno sky
e-uitxi stars
amôri sun
ke-rri moon
e-eno thunderbolt
e-quapi day
de-pi night
i-zzapà hill, mountain
u-uni river
cá-retá lake
i-zzá rain
cuára wind
inhau-opo stream
u-ni water
qué-véré island
ri-ipá waterfall
kenihé farm
pan-ete house
ni-dá canoe
ti-iná ranch
i-ipaí yard
ti-izzé fire, firewood
tizé-ven ember
ye-tá network
u-paí floor
ai-co tree
cuia gourd
no-inhau-adá food
cápa do
má-tari axe
to-rro pan
to-ro-dá clay pot
guaraia basket
dôpetzi sieve
paraná banana
cae-ini manioc
ma-tsoca flour
noo-cacá, cará-atxi sweet potato
a-pi pepper
mapa sugar cane
matxucá chicken
rie-fé egg
ci-no dog
a-pidzá pig
tzzaui ounce
né-irri deer
ti-itxi agouti
aridari armadillo
e-má tapir
cal-xerri alligator
cu-pé fish
acorro animal
hamé ant
maroio beads
yukira salt
palito matches
txurra trousers
ma-uidá comb
hon-hon yes
curi-papa no
no-i-no single
no-i-nerri married
no-ine-dzango widower
ma-txi-áde good
dopo ugly
matxidé bad
a-perri cold
a-mûde hot, warm
tacua fever
cá-ide ache
pauéridza one
dzamâuari two
madariaui three
uadáca four

Ọgụgụ ọzọ

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  • Gonçalves, Artur Garcia. 2018. Para uma dialetologia baniwa-koripako do rio Içana . Akwụkwọ edemede MA, Universidade de Brasília.

Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ Aikhenvald (2014-01-01). "Negation in Tariana: A North Arawak Perspective in the Light of Areal Diffusion", Negation in Arawak Languages, 86–120. DOI:10.1163/9789004257023_006. ISBN 978-90-04-25701-6. Retrieved on 2015-07-17. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Granadillo (2014-01-01). "On Negation in Kurripako Ehe-Khenim", Negation in Arawak Languages, 74–85. DOI:10.1163/9789004257023_005. ISBN 978-90-04-25701-6. Retrieved on 2015-07-17. Granadillo, Tania (2014-01-01). "On Negation in Kurripako Ehe-Khenim". Negation in Arawak Languages. pp. 74–85. doi:10.1163/9789004257023_005. ISBN 978-90-04-25701-6. Archived from the original on 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2015-07-17.
  3. ↑ Michael (2014-01-01). in Michael: Negation in Arawak Languages » Brill Online. DOI:10.1163/9789004257023. ISBN 978-90-04-25701-6. Retrieved on 2015-07-17. 
  4. ↑ The ASJP Database - Wordlist Baniva. asjp.clld.org. Archived from the original on 2019-06-02. Retrieved on 2019-06-02.

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