Asụsụ Kavalan

Kavalan
Kavalan
kbaran, kebalan (Kavalan)
Nkwupụta	[kɨβaɾán]
A mụrụ ya	Taiwan
Agbụrụ	Kavalan
Ndị na-asụ asụsụ ala	70 (2015)
Ezinụlọ asụsụ	Austronesian Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Formosan Kavalanic Kavalan; ; ;
Koodu asụsụ
ISO 639-3	ckv
Glottolog	kava1241
ELP	Kavalan
	(ọcha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, n'ebe ugwu) Asụsụ Kavalanic: Basai, Ketagalan, na Kavalan
	Kavalan bụ nke UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Dangered kewara dị ka nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụAtlas nke Asụsụ Ụwa Na-anọ n'Ihe Iche Ndụ
	Isiokwu a nwere akara ụdaolu IPA. Enweghị nkwado nsụgharị kwesịrị ekwesị, ị nwere ike ịhụ Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Specials (Unicode block)">akara ajụjụ, igbe, ma ọ bụ akara ndị ọzọ kama mkpụrụedemede Unicode. Maka ntuziaka mmeghe na akara IPA, lee Help:IPA.

Kavalan (nke a mkpa dị ka Kvalan, Kebalan ma ọ bụ Kbalan) bụ nke Ndị Kavalan na-asụbu n'ụbọchị oké osimiri nke Taiwan. Ọ bụ Asụsụ East Formosan nke mpaghara Austronesian.

A naghịzi asụ Kavalan n'ógbè mbụ ya. Ka ọ na-erule 1930, a na-eji ya eme ihe naanị dị ka asụsụ ụlọ. Ka ọ na-erule 1987, a ka na-asụ ya na mpaghara Atayal. N'afọ 2000, a ka na-akọ na ndị na-asụ asụsụ a bụ mmadụ iri abụọ na anọ mana a na-ewere ya dị ka nke na-anwụ anwụ.

N'afọ 2017, nsụgharị na-eji EDGE metric site na nchekwa ụdị chọta na Kavalan, ọ bụ ebe na ọ nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, so n'asụsụ ndị dị iche nke Austronesian..^[3]

Asụsụ

Kavalan nwere obodo ndị na-asụ asụsụ ndị a haziri site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda:

Kariawan (Jialiwan 加禮宛) - nso Hualien, ebe a na-asụbu Sakizaya
Patʀungan (Xinshe 新社) - nke dị na Hualien" id="mwKQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Fengbin, Hualien">Fungpin, Hualien
Kulis (Lide 立德)
Kralut (Zhangyuan)

A na-akpọ obodo ndị a na-asự n'ebe ndị mụrụ Taiwan aha obodo ndị ochie si n'ebe ugwu, dị ka Kariawan, Sahut, na Tamayan, ebe ndị Kavalan si kwaga. Ndị Amis gbara ndị na-asụ Kavalan nke oge a gburugburu.

Tsuchida (1985) na-ekwu na ndepụta okwu ndị e nwetara site na Lamkham 南 (Nankan) na Poting 埔頂 (Buding) kacha nso na Kavalan, ebe Li (2001) na-agụ ha dị ka asụsụ 'Basaic'. ^[4]

Ọtụtụ ndị Kavalan see ike ịsụ Amis, Taiwanese, Mandarin, na Japanese.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

E nwere ụdaume iri na ise na ụdaume anọ na Kavalan.^[5]

Mkpụrụ okwu
		Bilabial	Ezé ezé	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Ụgbọ imi		m	n			ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t			k	q
Plosive	voiced	b
Ihe na-esiri ike	voiceless		s
Ihe na-esiri ike	voiced		z	__ibo____ibo__ Nkọwapụta			ʁ
Ihe atụ				l [l ~ ɾ]	j	w

Mkpụrụedemede
	N'ihu	Central	Ịlaghachi azụ
N'akụkụ	i		u
N'etiti		ə
Emeghe	a

*n, *N, *j, *ɲ dị ka n
*t, *T, *c dị ka t
*d, *D, *Z dị ka z
*s, *S dị ka s
*q, *ʔ, *H na-ehichapụ

*k n'ime q na k
*l n'ime r na ʁ (e dere dị ka R)
*a n'ime m (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị n'akụkụ q) na a

Asụsụ Kavalan bụkwa ihe a ma ama maka inwe nnukwu ndepụta nke ebumnuche. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ikike Formosan abụọ nwere ikeume geminate, nke ọzọ bụ Basay.[1] A na-ama gemination na Asụsụ ndị dị n'ebe ugwu Philippines, mana ọ na-adịghị n'asụsụ ndị dị n'etiti Philippines ma e wezụga Rinconada Bikol.

Asụsụ

A na-amata aha Kavalan na ngwaa site na akara /a/ na mbụ mbụ okwu (aha) ma ọ bụ iza nke /a/ (ngwaa). [1] amụma okwu Kavalan na-ewere nhazi (C) (C) V (C) " (C)..

Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ

Kavalan affixes dị n'okpuru ebe a sitere na Li & Tsuchida (2006:14-24).

Ihe odide

Ihe edeturu

↑ Yuanzhuminzu weiyuanhui, zuyu shuwei zhongxin 原住民族委員會, 族語數位中心. "Yuèdú shūxiě piān – Gámǎlányǔ dì 6 kè – zúyǔ E lèyuán" 閱讀書寫篇 – 噶瑪蘭語第6課 – 族語E樂園. Yuedu shuxie pian – zuyu E leyuan (in Chinese).
↑ Kavalan at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)
↑ Perrault (2017). "Tongues on the EDGE: Language Preservation Priorities Based on Threat and Lexical Distinctiveness" (in en). Royal Society Open Science 4 (12). DOI:10.1098/rsos.171218. PMID 29308253.
↑ Li (2001). "The Dispersal of the Formosan Aborigines in Taiwan" (in en). Language and Linguistics / Yǔyán jì yǔyánxué 2 (1): 271–278.
↑ Moriguchi (1983). "An Inquiry into Kbalan Phonology" (in en). Journal of Asian and African Studies 26: 202–219.

Nkwupụta n'ozuzu

Njikọ mpụga

Akwụkwọ gọọmentị Taiwan: Kavalan dictionary (n'asụsụ Chinese)
Nkwupụta mgbasa ozi nke Academy na Taipei: Kavalan dictionary published (n'asụsụ Chinese)
Yuánzhùmínzú yǔyán xiànshàng cídiǎn 原住民族語言線上詞典 (n'asụsụ Chinese) - Kavalan search page at the "Aboriginal language online dictionary" website of the Foundation for the Research and Development of Indigenous Languages
Ihe nkuzi na ihe ndabere nke Kavalan bipụtara site na Council of Indigenous Peoples of Taiwan Archived 2022-02-28 at the Wayback Machine (n'asụsụ Chinese)
Nsụgharị Kavalan nke President Tsai Ing-wen's 2016 apology to indigenous people - bipụtara na webụsaịtị nke ụlọ ọrụ onye isi ala

[1] Yuanzhuminzu weiyuanhui, zuyu shuwei zhongxin 原住民族委員會, 族語數位中心. "Yuèdú shūxiě piān – Gámǎlányǔ dì 6 kè – zúyǔ E lèyuán" 閱讀書寫篇 – 噶瑪蘭語第6課 – 族語E樂園. Yuedu shuxie pian – zuyu E leyuan (in Chinese).

[e24-2] Kavalan at Ethnologue (24th ed., 2021)

[Perrault2017-3] Perrault (2017). "Tongues on the EDGE: Language Preservation Priorities Based on Threat and Lexical Distinctiveness" (in en). Royal Society Open Science 4 (12). DOI:10.1098/rsos.171218. PMID 29308253.

[4] Li (2001). "The Dispersal of the Formosan Aborigines in Taiwan" (in en). Language and Linguistics / Yǔyán jì yǔyánxué 2 (1): 271–278.

[5] Moriguchi (1983). "An Inquiry into Kbalan Phonology" (in en). Journal of Asian and African Studies 26: 202–219.

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