Asụsụ Kedang

 

Kédang (Kdang, Dang, Kedangese) bụ egwuregwu a na-na mpaghara Kedang n'ịsọ oké osimiri ugwu nke Lembata Island, n'ebe ọmụmụ ihe Flores, na Indonesia.  Asụsụ a sitere n'ụdị Austronesian na obere obere ya, Malayo-Polynesian .  [1] gosiri, ahụ dị n'ime Flores-Lembata sub-group.[1]  E nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asṄṄede 30,000.

Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga

Aha aha ahụ bụkwa aha mpaghara ebe a na-asahụ ahụ, Kedang .  [1] ahụ dị ihe dị ka square kilomita 26 ngosi mpaghara mgbaàmà - Omesuri na Buyasuri .  [1] Ka ọ dị taa, e nwere ihe dị ka ndị na-asự 30,000.  [2] Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ekwu okwu na-arụ ọrụ ugbo nke bụ ọrụ ugbo na-eche azụ.[1]  Ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu okwu bụ ndị na-akpata ma ọ bụ ndị nwe mana ole na ole ka nwere ike na-enwe ike ime akwụkwọ ha.

Ọmụmụ ụdaolu

Mkpụrụedemede

Kédang nwere ihe nke ise nke ise iri na abụọ n'asụsụ ya, nke e kewara n'ime usoro abụọ n'otu n'otu na ụzọume isii n'otu.[1]  Otuጠቅ nwere ikeume modal ma ọ bụ nke a isi ike dị ka isiume ebe ike nke ọzọ bụ isi na-eku ume.[1]  Enwere ike ụfọdụ ụzọ na ụzọ dị iche iche: site na ọnọdụ okwu na site na ibu.  mapedemede modal (mkpụrụedemede n'ebe) na-iche n'etiti na ọnọdụ ikpeazụ ebe mgbaume na-eku ume eme.[1]  Ọ bụ ebe na a na-akpọ akpọume na-eku ume na ike dị ala.

Mkpụrụ okwu

E nwere otuume iri na ihe Kédang.[1]  asụsụ okwu na- ụzọ dị iche iche nke articulation plosives, nasal, lateral, flap, trill, fricatives na continuant.

Klas okwu

Kédang isi klas okwu ya iji tinye aha, isiaha, adjectives, ngwaa, adverbs, nọmba, prepositions, interjections, conjunctions na classifiers..

Aha

A na-ahụ aha mgbe a na- mkpa adreesị na ngwaa.  Mgbakwunye Kédang bụ prefix nominalising N-, nomalising infix -an-, suffix -n na ụdị n'efu wala..

• The nominalizing prefix N- replaces the initial consonant. For example:
  • t → n tadaq 'to advise' → nadaq 'advice'
  • k → n kariq 'to speak' → nariq 'language'
• The nominalizing infix -an- is added after the initial consonant. For example:
  • kawang 'to flow' → kanawang 'current'
  • tangul 'to cover a pot with a lid' → tanangul 'lid'
• The suffix -n is added to verbs and adjectives at the end of the words. For example:
  • dei 'to follow' → dein 'offspring'
  • mate 'dead' → maten 'corpse'
• The free form wala follows after a verb to indicate the person who is acting out the verb. For examples:
  • durung 'to sell' → durung wala 'seller'
  • huang 'to play' → huang wala 'player'

Aha nnọchiaha

osisi Kédang na-agbasọ usoro ụzọ atọ nke otu-abụọ-ọtụtụ.  A na-ekewa ha n'ụdị asaa: onwe onye,,ahụ ihe,ahụ-ihe akwụkwọ.

	Onye ọ bụla		Nkwado	Ihe onwunwe	Nkwado-Onye Ọchịchọ		Ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ	Ihe E Na-elekwasị Anya	Ihe E Na-elekwasị Anya
	Echiche	Ihe Ebumnuche			Echiche	Ihe Ebumnuche
Onye
Otu onye nke mbụ	>ei, >eqi	>eqi	ko	koq	koqo	koqi	>eko	eti	èrèg
Onye nke abụọ	o	o	mo	moq	moqo	meqi	omo	oti	mèrèq
Otu nke atọ	nuo, ni	nuo	ne	neq	neqe	neqi	nene	neti	nèrèq
Ọdịdị nke mbụ (ewepu onye natara ozi)	ke-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">e, ke	e	ke	keq	keqe	keqi	eke	keti	mèrèq
1st otutu gụnyere (gụnyere onye natara ozi)	te	te	te	teq	teqe	teqi	tete	teti	tèrèq
Ugboro abụọ	me	me	me	meq	meqe	meqi	meme	meti	mèrèq
Ugboro nke atọ	nke a, nke a	suo	se	seq	seqe	seqi	sese	seti	sèrèq

Adjectives

A na-ekewa adjectives Kédang n'ime ọrụ abụọ: predicative na attributive.[1]  Iji mee ka ọrụ a dị iche, a na- calaamadaha -n mgbe ụfọdụ ikpeazụ nke adjective predicative ka ọ bụrụ attributive.[1]  Ọ bụrụ na adjective ji ụzọume mechiri, ọ go enwe enwe.

	Ihe na-egosi na ọ bụ ihe na-egosi	Ihe kpatara ya
Mmiri	baha	bahan
'ndị dị ndụ'	bita	bitan
'Ọ dị ilu'	kiru	kirun
'ọhụrụ'	werun	werun
'red'	korong	korong
'na-eme ihere'	iwiq	iwiq

Ngwaa

Enwere naanị otu ngwaa oge na Kédang nke zuru oke - oge egwu.[1]  Oge ndị ọzọ na-achọkarị adverb nke na-egosi oge (oge gara aga, ugbu a ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ) iji kwado yana ngwaa ihe eme eme.

Oge Ọdịnihu ('will')
		Otu	Ọtụtụ
Onye
Nke mbụ pụrụ iche (ewepu onye na-ede akwụkwọ)		ena	kena
Nke mbụ gụnyere (gụnyere ndị natara ozi)			tena
Nke abụọ		ona	mena
Nke atọ		nena	sena

Ihe odide

• Samely (1991). Kedang (Eastern Indonesia): some aspects of its grammar. Hamburg: Buske. ISBN 3875480163. 
• Samely (2013). A Dictionary of the Kedang Language: Kedang-Indonesian-English. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-9004256361.