Asụsụ Kituba
Kituba ( Kituba , Kituba ) bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị na Central Africa . Ọ bụ asụsụ creole dabere na Kikongo, asụsụ Bantu . Ọ bụ asụsụ obodo na Republic of the Congo na Democratic Republic of the Congo .
Aha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A maara Kituba n'ọtụtụ aha n'etiti ndị na-asụ ya. Na gburugburu agụmakwụkwọ a na-akpọ asụsụ Kikongo-Kituba .
Na Republic of the Congo a na-akpọ ya Munukutuba, nkebi ahịrịokwu nke pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "M na-ekwu", na-eji na Republic's 1992 iwu. [1] Nke ikpeazụ ( Kituba ) pụtara "ụzọ ikwu okwu" [2] : 213 a na-ejikwa ya na iwu 2015. [3]
Na Democratic Republic of the Congo a na-akpọ ya Kikongo ya leta ("Kikongo steeti" ma ọ bụ "Government Kikongo" [4] ), ma ọ bụ Kikongo de L'état, dị mkpụmkpụ na Kileta . [2] : 212 N'ụzọ dị mgbagwoju anya, a na-akpọkwa ya Kikongo, karịsịa na mpaghara ndị na-enweghị Kongo (Kikongo), [4] ya bụ Kwango na Kwilu Provinces. Iwu nke Democratic Republic of Congo depụtara "Kikongo" dịka otu n'ime asụsụ obodo. [5] [6] Kikongo a na-asụ n'akụkụ Lingala n'ime ime obodo bụ n'ezie Kituba. [2] : 30
There are also other historical names such as Kibula-matadi (literally "the stone-breaker's speech"),[2] (literally "be not", "it isn't so"),[7][2] Kikwango,[2] and Kizabave[8] (literally "do not know"), but they have largely fallen out of use.
Nkesa ala
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
Ọtụtụ ndị na-asụ Kituba bi na Democratic Republic of Congo. A na-asụ ya dị ka asụsụ franca izizi na mpaghara Kongo Central, Kwango na Kwilu na nke dị ntakịrị na Kinshasa, Mai-Ndombe na Kasai .
A na-asụ Kituba na ndịda nke Republic of Congo, na mpaghara Kouilou, Pointe-Noire, Niari, Bouenza, Lékoumou na isi obodo Brazzaville . Lingala ka ewu ewu na ugwu.
A na-asụkwa Kituba n'akụkụ ugwu nke Angola, ebe ọ bụ na mba ndị nke oge a na-agafe mpaghara ebo na alaeze oge ochie, na ugwu Angola na mpaghara Kwango nke Democratic Republic of Congo bụ mpaghara siri ike na-asụ Kituba.
Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere nghọta n'etiti onwe ha, e nwere ndịiche, tumadi n'okwu okwu, n'etiti mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Democratic Republic of Congo, na ndị ọzọ n'etiti Kituba a na-asụ n'ebe ahụ na nke a na-asụ na Congo-Brazzaville (Republic of Congo).
Ọkwa gọọmentị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Kituba bụ asụsụ obodo na Republic of Congo na Democratic Republic of Congo. Na omume okwu asusu obodo pụtara na ọ bụ asụsụ nchịkwa mpaghara, agụmakwụkwọ elementrị, na azụmaahịa.
Asụsụ obodo bụkwa nke a na-eji maka nzikọrịta ozi ọha na eze. Redio na telivishọn ọha na eze na Democratic Republic of Congo na na Republic of Congo na-eji Kituba dị ka otu n'ime asụsụ ha bụ isi maka akụkọ mgbede. [9] [10] [11] [12]
Ahụrụ m gị n'anya na kituba |
---|
Mu (ma ọ bụ Munu, Mono) zola nge / Munu me zola nge / Mu me zola nge / Me zola nge / Mono (ma ọ bụ Mu, Munu) ke zola nge |
Aha aha
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Kituba echekwawo ma buru ibu klas aha nke agbụrụ Kikongo nwere mgbanwe ụfọdụ. Klas nke 9 na nke 11 ejikọtara ọnụ na klaasị otu nwere prefix efu, yana ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-eji prefix klaasị ọtụtụ.
Singular | Plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | Prefix | Example | Class | Prefix | Example |
0 | – | mama ('mother) | 2 | ba- | bamama (mothers) |
1 | mu- | muntu (person) | 2 | ba- | bantu (people) |
3 | mu- | mulangi (bottle) | 4 | mi- | milangi (bottles) |
5 | di- | dinkondo (banana) | 6 | ma- | mankondo (bananas) |
7 | ki- | kima (thing) | 8 | bi- | bima (things) |
9 | n-/m- | nkosi (lion) | 2+9 | ba-n- | bankosi (lions) |
11 | lu- | ludimi (tongue) | 2+11 | ba-lu- | baludimi (tongues) |
12 | ka- | kakima (trifle) | 13 | tu- | tubima (trifles) |
14 | bu | bumbote (goodness) | |||
15 | ku- | kubanza (to think, thinking) |
Ngwaa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Kituba nwere usoro ọnụ okwu mepere emepe nke ọma gụnyere ụda ụtọasụsụ na akụkụ . Ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaa nwere ogologo na nkenke nsụgharị. A na-eji ụdị ogologo ahụ eme ihe na nzikọrịta ozi ederede ebe ndị dị mkpụmkpụ etolitela maka nkwurịta okwu.
A na-egosi njikọ ngwaa ma ọ bụ (ịbụ) na-adịghị agafe agafe na tebụl dị n'okpuru. Ọ bụ naanị ngwaa na-adịghị mma na Kituba.
Nsogbu | Ogologo ụdị | Ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ | Ọmụmaatụ | Ntụgharị asụsụ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ugbu a na ọdịnihu dị nso | kele | ke | Yau kele nkosi. | Ọ bụ ọdụm. |
Ọdịnihu | kele/ata kuv(u) anda | ke/ta v(u) anda | Mu ta vuanda tata. | M ga-abụ nna. |
Na-aga n'ihu ugbu a | kele kuv(u)andaka | ke v(u)andaka | Nge ke vuandaka zoba. | Ị na-abụ onye nzuzu. |
Ọdịnihu na-aga n'ihu | ata kuv(u)andaka | ta v(u)ndaka | Beno ta vuandaka ya kukuela. | Ị ga-alụ. |
Gara aga | v (u) na | Yandi vuanda kuna. | Ọ nọ ebe ahụ. | |
gara aga na-aga n'ihu | v(u) aka | Beto vuandaka banduku. | Anyị na-abụbu enyi. | |
Zuru oke gara aga | mene kuv(u) and | m v(u) anda | Yandi me vuanda na Matadi. | Ọ nọ na Matadi. |
gara aga zuru oke na-aga n'ihu | mene kuv(u)andaka | me v(u)ndaka | Ọdịiche m nwere ike ime. | Ọ bụbu onye nkuzi. |
Ngwa ngwa ndị ọzọ niile ka ejikọrọ site n'enyemaka ngwaa inyeaka. E gosipụtara njikọ nke ngwaa (ime) na tebụl dị n'okpuru.
Nsogbu | Ogologo ụdị | Ụdị dị mkpụmkpụ | Ọmụmaatụ | Ntụgharị asụsụ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ugbu a na ọdịnihu dị nso | kele nso | ka sala | Yandi ke sala. | Ọ na-arụ ọrụ. / Ọ ga-arụ ọrụ. |
Na-aga n'ihu ugbu a | kele nsolaka | ke salaka | Yandi ke salaka. | Ọ na-arụ ọrụ. |
Gara aga | salaka | salaka | Yandi salaka. | Ọ rụrụ ọrụ. |
Oge gara aga | mee sala | m sala | Naanị m sala. | Ọ rụọla ọrụ. |
Ngwa ngwa gara aga na-aga n'ihu | mene salaka | m salaka | Ya mere m udo. | Ọ na-arụ ọrụ. |
gara aga na-aga n'ihu | vuandaka kusala | na sala | Ọdịiche dị egwu. | Ọ na-arụbu ọrụ. |
Akụkọ | sala | sala | ||
Ọdịnihu | atọ sala | ta sala | Yandi ta sala. | Ọ ga-arụ ọrụ. |
Ọdịnihu na-aga n'ihu | atọ salaka | ta salaka | Yandi ta salaka. | Ọ ga-arụ ọrụ. |
Olu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Suffix na-egosi olu na-agbakwunye mgbe mgbọrọgwụ ngwaa na tupu suffix na-egosi ike.
Ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ "ila", na-egosi omume n'ebe mmadụ nọ, na "ana", na-egosi imekọ ihe ọnụ ma ọ bụ nkwughachi:
Ịgụ "ịgụ", Tangila "gụọ gaa na", Tangilaka "gụọ gaa" ( gara aga)
Sadisa "iji nyere aka", Sadisana "na-enyere ibe ya aka", Sadisanaka "nyere ibe ya aka (n'oge gara aga)
Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]E bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Kituba-English-French nke ọkà mmụta asụsụ Harold W. Fehderau, Ph.D., chịkọtara na 1969. Ọ dịghị ebe niile.
Lexicon
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Otutu okwu Kituba sitere na Kikongo . Asụsụ Bantu ndị ọzọ emetụtawokwa ya, gụnyere Kiyaka, Kimbala, Kisongo, Kiyansi, Lingala, na Swahili . Na mgbakwunye, ejirila French, Portuguese, na Bekee agbaziri ọtụtụ okwu. Ndị a gụnyere:
- sanduku (Swah. sanduku) "igbe", okwu Swahili sitere na Arabic صندوق (ṣandūq)
- matáta (Swah. matata) "nsogbu"
- letá (Fr. l'état ) "steeti"
- kamiyó (Fr. camion ) "ụgbọ ala"
- sodá/solodá (Fr. soldat ) "onye agha"
- masínu (Fr. igwe ) "igwe"
- mísa (Port. missa ) "mass"
- kilápi (Port. lápis ) "pen"
- katekisimu (Eng. catechism )
- bóyi (Eng. houseboy )
- sapatu (Port. sapato ) "akpụkpọ ụkwụ"
- mesa (Port. mesa ) "tebulu"
- dikopa (Port. copa ) "iko"
- simisi (Fr. chemise ) "uwe elu"
Nkeji edemede 1 nke nkwupụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ikike mmadụ tụgharịrị ka ọ bụrụ:
- Bantu nyonso, na mbutukulu kevwandaka na kimpwanza ya bawu, ngenda mpe baluve ya mutindu mosi. Mayela na mbanzulu ke na bawu, ni yawu yina bafwana kusalasana na bumpangi.
- "A mụrụ ụmụ mmadụ niile nweere onwe ha nhata na ugwu na ikike. Enyere ha uche na akọ na uche ma kwesị ịkpakọrịta ibe ha na mmụọ nke nwanne." [13]
Akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Na 2018, akwụkwọ ( Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela: Mbandu ya luzingu nke Protais Yumbi) nke edere na Kikongo ya Leta bụ onye a họpụtara maka Grand Prix of Literary Associations . [14] [15] Akwụkwọ abụ, Bankunga ya Kintwadi (Abụ nke Mmekọrịta) ka ndị Mennonite Brethren Mission bipụtara na 1988. Ọtụtụ okpukpe Protestant na-eji ya eme ihe. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu narị akwụkwọ na akụkọ asụsụ Kituba bụ Mwinda Project nke ọ bụla Child Ministries' bipụtara. Ndị a na-agụnye isiokwu ndị kwuru banyere mmụta Ndị Kraịst, ihe ọmụmụ Bible maka ụmụaka na ndị ntorobịa, ọzụzụ ndị nkụzi, ahụike, na isiokwu ndị ọzọ. Ndị a dị n'ịntanetị yana n'ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọba akwụkwọ dị na Democratic Republic of Congo. [16]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Habla Congo, na Cuba
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Maury:République du Congo: Constitution du 15 mars 1992 (fr). Digithèque matériaux juridiques et politiques. Université de Perpignan. Retrieved on 14 December 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Mufwene (2009). "Kituba, or Kikongo? What's in a name?", in de Féral: Le nom des langues III: Le nom des langues en Afrique sub-saharienne: pratiques, dénominations, catégorisations. Naming Languages in Sub-Saharan Africa: Practices, Names, Categorisations, BCILL. Peeters. ISBN 9789042922709. Retrieved on 2021-07-31.
- ↑ Maury:Congo: Constitution de 2015 (fr). Digithèque matériaux juridiques et politiques. Université de Perpignan. Retrieved on 14 December 2020.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Swift (1963). in Hodge: Kituba: Basic Course, Foreign Service Institute Basic Course Series. Foreign Service Institute. OCLC 877994.
- ↑ Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo (fr). Journal Officiel de la République Démocratique du Congo (2006-02-18). Retrieved on 14 December 2020.
- ↑ Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo (fr). Journal Officiel de la République Démocratique du Congo (2011-02-05). Retrieved on 6 January 2021.
- ↑ Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
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tag; no text was provided for refs namedBritannica
- ↑ Reinecke (1975). "Kituba (Lingua Franca Kikongo)", A Bibliography of Pidgin and Creole Languages, Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications. University of Hawai'i Press, 649–653. Retrieved on 2021-07-31.
- ↑ PY Esther (1997). Langues et education en Afrique noire (fr). The Educational Resources Information Center(Eric), Institut de Linguistique, Universite Neuchatel, Suisse. Retrieved on 19 January 2021.
- ↑ RDC INFO DU 24/05/2012 EN KIKONGO (Correction: KIKONGO YA LETA) (fr). TELE50 (2012). Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved on 19 January 2021.
- ↑ INFO EN KIKONGO (Correction: KIKONGO YA LETA) – 21 MARS 2012 (fr). RTNC (2012). Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved on 19 January 2021.
- ↑ JOURNAL EN LANGUE NATIONALE DU CONGO KITUBA 19 03 2014 (Fr). MNTV (2014). Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved on 19 January 2021.
- ↑ Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Kituba (i.e. Kikongo ya Leta) (en). OHCHR. Retrieved on 14 February 2021.
- ↑ "Un Livre En Kikongo Parmi Les Nominés", 28 March 2019.
- ↑ Protais Yumbi, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela:Mbandu ya luzingu (1918–2013) (fr). Nzoi (20 June 2018). Retrieved on 28 July 2020.
- ↑ 92 Free Kituba language Bible teaching resources for you | Congo Mwinda Project (30 January 2023).
Akwụkwọ akụkọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Diener, Ingolf; Maillart, Diana. (1970). Petit okwu Francais-Anglais-Munukutuba. Pointe-Noire.
- Jean-Alexis Mfoutou, Parlons munukutuba : Congo-Brazzaville, République démocratique du Congo, Angola, Paris, Mbipụta L'Harmattan, 2019, peeji 426.
- Jean-Alexis Mfoutou, Pour une histoire du munukutuba, langue bantoue, Paris, Mbipụta L'Harmattan, 2019, ibe 130.
- Jean-Alexis Mfoutou, Grammaire et lexique munukutuba : Congo-Brazzaville, République Démocratique du Congo, Angola, L'Harmattan, 2009, 344 p. (ISBN 2296226736 et 9782296226739, presentation en ligne, lire en ligne).
- Khabirov, Valeri. (1990). Monokutuba. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu linguistic Encyclopedic. Moscow. "Encyclopedia Soviet". P. 309-310 (Na Russian)
- Fehderau, H., 1966. Mmalite na mmepe nke Kituba . Akwụkwọ edemede PhD, Mahadum Cornell.