Asụsụ Klon

Kelon ; Klon
Spoken in:	Indonesia
Region:	Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara
Total speakers:	5,000
Language family:	Trans–New Guinea ?; West Bomberai ?; Timor–Alor–Pantar; Alor–Pantar; Alor; West; Kelon
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	kyo
	Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Kelon, ma ọ bụ Klon, (akpọ [kəlon]) bụ asụsụ Papuan nke ọdịda anyanwụ n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ Alor Island na agwaetiti Alor nke East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia .

Nhazi

Klon bụ onye otu asụsụ Alor–Pantar, n'ime ezinụlọ asụsụ Timor–Alor–Pantar . ^[1] Klon bụ akụkụ nke otu obere Alor yana Abui, Adang, Blagar, Kamang, Kui, Sawila, na Wersing . ^[1]

Klon nwere njikọ chiri anya na asụsụ Adang, nke a na-asụ n'ofe Kalabahi Bay n'ebe ugwu. ^[2]

fonology

Ozi niile dị na ngalaba a sitere na ụtọ asụsụ Louise Baird. Klon nwere fọnịm consonant 17 na ụdaume 13.

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Ihu imi		m	n		ŋ
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		k	ʔ
Plosive	voiced	b	d	ɟ	g	ʔ
Nke na-ese okwu			s			h
Trill			r
Odika			l	j	w

A na-emepụta ọchịchọ mgbe ụfọdụ site na nkwụsị na-enweghị olu. Igwe okwu labio-velar approximant /w/ bụ nke ụfọdụ ndị na-ekwu okwu na-ewepụtakarị oge dị ka fricative bilabial [β].

Ụfọdụ n'ime consonants nwere oke nkesa. Nkwụsị ụda velar /g/ na-apụta naanị n'okwu mmalite. Ọkpụ imi /ŋ/ na-apụta naanị n'ikpeazụ. Nkwụsị palatal akpọpụtara /ɟ/, nke na-apụta naanị okwu-n'ikpeazụ, n'ọnụọgụgụ nke mkpụrụokwu. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà okwu ochie na-eji nkwụsị alveolar akpọpụtara [d] maka /ɟ/. Rhotic trill /r/ na alveolar fricative /s/ na-enweghị olu na-apụta ma mkpụrụokwu n'ikpeazụ na syllable na mbụ. Ha na-apụta okwu na mbụ n'ime naanị ihe ole na ole nke ọ bụla. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-akọwa okwu bụ nbinye doro anya. Ekwuru labio-velar approximant /w/ na palatal a na-ekwu ihe dị ka /j/ anaghị ada ụda-n'ikpeazụ.

N'ihe atụ 2, a na-egosipụta arụmụka S _O na nnọchiaha bound nke n-, na a na-anọchi anya arụmụka A site na nnọchiaha efu na . Na ọmụmaatụ 3, S _A na-egosi site na nnochiaha efu ini . Mgbe nrụtụ aka A na S _A na-eme na nkebiokwu jikọtara ọnụ, arụmụka dị na nkebi nke abụọ nwere ike ibelata ka ọ bụrụ nnọchiaha ma ọ bụ ihichapụ. N'otu aka ahụ, nrụtụ aka O na S _O nke na-eme na nkebiokwu jikọtara ọnụ na-enye ohere ibelata ma ọ bụ ihichapụ arụmụka dị na nkebi nke abụọ. Usoro nke intransitives bụ SV.

Nkejiokwu ntụgharị nwere ike ịnwe usoro okwu AOV, OAV ma ọ bụ AVO. Usoro okwu AOV na-agbagha arụmụka A na O mgbe animacy ha bụ otu na nke arụmụka bụ nke na-abụghị nke a na-apụghị ịtụ anya site na gburugburu.

Olu

Asụsụ Papuan enweghị oke ụda olu na-arụsi ọrụ ike. ^[3] N'ihi enweghị aha nke isiokwu a na ụtọ asụsụ Baird, a na-eche na Klon bụ asụsụ Papuan a na-ahụkarị na nke a.

Valence

Ọtụtụ ngwaa nwere ike ime n'ime ihe owuwu na-agbanwe agbanwe na ntụgharị. Ndị na-ekwu okwu Klon anaghị adịkarị na-eji nkebiokwu ditransitive. Naanị ngwaa en 'inye' na-agbanwe mgbe niile (trivalent). N'ime ụlọ arụrụ arụ, Onye na-aga n'ihu nke Primary, onye nnata, na-egosipụta site na nrịbama nnochi anya na ngwaa; onye na-aga nke abụọ, isiokwu, na-apụta dịka NP zuru oke. Ọrụ na-ebelata Valency

Ihe nrịbama nkwughachi t-/to-/tin-/te- na-egosi na onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-aga n'ihu n'ime nkebiokwu bụ otu onye nrụtụ aka. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ngwaa dị iche iche monovalent. Ihe nrịbama ntughari nwere ike ime naanị na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-abụghị otu. Ntinye aha na-ebelatakwa valency na Klon.

Ọrụ na-abawanye Valency

Okwu prefix u- na-abawanye valency site n'ịgbakwunye arụmụka Undergoer. Ọrụ enwere ike nke onye na-aga n'ihu gụnyere nke onye ọrịa, isiokwu, onye nnata, ma ọ bụ ebumnuche.

N'ihe atụ na-esonụ, ebeer 'die' nwere otu arụmụka Undergoer NP doqom 'nna nna'. N'ọmụmaatụ na-esote, arụmụka Undergoer jikọtara ya na ngwaa ebeer 'die' bụ nke onye nke atọ gosipụtara nnochiaha ọnụ okwu nganiihu, yana yana NP Labgei ong 'this Labgei' zuru ezu. Ọmụmaatụ 3 yiri ihe atụ 2, belụsọ ugbu a ọ bụ naanị pronominal prefix ka ejiri gosi onye na-aga n'ihu. Ọmụmaatụ nke anọ na-ekwu maka akụkọ gbasara nna nna na-eti ụmụ ụmụ ya ihe ma ọ bụrụ na ha esighị n'àkwà bilie n'isi ụtụtụ. Ọkà okwu na-eji arụmụka Undergoer na-adịghị ndụ haib 'ihe egwu', dịka ihe kpatara ịnwụ. Hok 'ụfọdụ', na-ezo aka na ndị na-anwụ anwụ. A na-eji u- prefix ka ebeer weghara arụmụka ọzọ haib . Ntụgharị ngwa ngwa ngwa mi- na-enye ohere agbakwunyere arụmụka Undergoer, mana onye na-ahụ ya nwere ike ịbụ naanị ngwa. Mkpọghe ụzọ abụọ a na-abawanye valency enweghị ike imekọ ọnụ n'otu ngwaa.

Usoro edemede

/ʔ/q
/ɟ/ j
/ŋ/ ng
/j/ y

Consonants ndị ọzọ niile na-eji otu graphemes dị ka IPA.

Edere fọnịm udaume dị nkenke ka ndị a:

/i/ i
/e/ e
/e/ e
/ə/ ∅ (anaghị ede ya)
/o/ o
/ɔ/ ò
/a/ a

A na-ede ụdaume ogologo dị ka grapheme abụọ dị ka "ee" maka /ɛː/.

Ntụaka

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Holton, Gary (2014). "The internal history of the Alor-Pantar language family", in Klamer: Alor Pantar languages: History and Typology. Berlin: Language Sciences Press, 155–98. DOI:10.17169/langsci.b22.44. ISBN 978-3-944675-48-0.
↑ Robinson (2012). "Internal classification of the Alor-Pantar language family using computational methods applied to the lexicon". Language Dynamics and Change 2 (2): 123–149. DOI:10.1163/22105832-20120201.
↑ Foley (1986). The Papuan Languages of New Guinea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-28621-2. OCLC 13004531.

Njikọ mpụga

Kelon isi lexicon na Global Lexicostatistical Database

[Holton_Robinson-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Holton, Gary (2014). "The internal history of the Alor-Pantar language family", in Klamer: Alor Pantar languages: History and Typology. Berlin: Language Sciences Press, 155–98. DOI:10.17169/langsci.b22.44. ISBN 978-3-944675-48-0.

[2] Robinson (2012). "Internal classification of the Alor-Pantar language family using computational methods applied to the lexicon". Language Dynamics and Change 2 (2): 123–149. DOI:10.1163/22105832-20120201.

[Foley-3] Foley (1986). The Papuan Languages of New Guinea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-28621-2. OCLC 13004531.

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